Izihlahla zezithelo zingumhlobiso wanoma iyiphi ingadi noma i-canta yasehlobo futhi, ngokweqiniso, ukuziqhenya komlimi. Isiphetho semizamo yokubanakekela siyisivuno esicebile. Kodwa-ke, uma kukhulunywa ngezitshalo ezikule ndawo ngokungenanhlonipho, ngaphandle kokuzungeza ngokunakekelwa okufanele, ungakhohlwa ngezithelo ezivuthiwe nezinempilo. Njenganoma yisiphi isidalwa esiphilayo, umuthi utholakala ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zezifo. Ukukhonjwa ngesikhathi, ukwelashwa kanye nokuqedwa kwezimbangela zesifo kuyisihluthulelo esivandeni esiqhakazayo kanye nokuvunwa okuhle kweminyaka eminingi.
Izifo Zezihlahla Zokudla
Ukugula kwezihlahla kungadala inkathazo enkulu kumgcini wegadi. Amaqembu amabili aphambili angahlukaniswa:
- izifo ezibangelwa isikhunta se-phytopathogenic;
- izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane;
Izihlahla zezithelo
Ukungena ngezicubu zomthi ezonakele noma i- "stomata", enikeza umuthi ukuphefumula, izimuncagazi zibangela ukulimala okukhulu kwesitshalo, kuze kube sekufeni kwaso. Ukuze ubhekane ngempumelelo nosongo, kudingeka "waziwe uqobo." Ngeke kube nzima ukuthi umlimi onesipiliyoni aqaphele izifo zezihlahla zezithelo futhi akhethe amaqhinga afanele okulapha.
Izifo eziyinhloko zokukhunta zezihlahla
Ingozi ebaluleke kakhulu ezitshalweni zezithelo ukutheleleka kwesikhunta, okuholela ngaphezu kwengxenye yazo zonke izifo zezitshalo. Ukungena phakathi kwamagxolo noma izindawo ezonakele, isikhunta sikhula ngentshiseko, sakha amakoloni akhona ngenxa yokufakwa kwezinto eziphilayo zomsungathi.
Kukhanye uMilky
Isibonakaliso esiyinhloko umbala wesiliva wamaqabunga, oholela ekuwomeni nasekufeni kwabo. Okokuqala, i-milky luster yenziwe eningizimu ohlangothini oluseningizimu, bese isakazekela esihlahleni sonke. Uma uthatha izinyathelo ngesikhathi, ungagcina umuthi nesitshalo.
Kukhanye uMilky
Septhemba
Isifo esithinta ikakhulukazi eliphakathi kwethanga. Ukuqala kwalesi sifo kubonakaliswa ukubonakala kwamaqabunga amabala amhlophe ayindilinga ngokumpunga okumpunga. Ngokuqhubeka kwesifo, amabala ansundu avela emabalaleni - ama-pycnids. Ukutheleleka ngalesi sifo kuholela ekomiseni nasekuweni kwamaqabunga.
I-Phyllosticosis
Enye yezinhlobo ezingemnandi kakhulu zokugqwala. Isibonakaliso sokuqala ukunqwabelana kwamachashazi e-brown pycnidium, kuthi ngemuva kokoma, kufakwe izimbobo endaweni yazo, okusho ukuthi lesi sitshalo sithintekile yilesi sifo sokukhunta. Uma izinyathelo eziphuthumayo zingathathwanga, umuthi uyoba buthaka futhi ungafa ngenxa yalokho.
I-Moniliosis
Izimpawu zokutheleleka lokhu ngumbala onsundu, amabala aluhlaza grey. Lokhu ukutheleleka kuthinta ikakhulukazi amahlumela amasha kanye namahlumela. Izithelo ezihlaselwe yi-moniliosis zinephunga elibonakalayo lotshwala.
I-Powdery hlobo
Endabeni ye-Powusy isikhutha, emaqabungeni nasezimpondweni ezincane kuvela ukubopha okukhanyayo, okufana nothuli, amaqabunga ancipha ngokungafanele, futhi izithelo zithola i-pubescence ye-uncharacteristic.
Nakani! Ukujikeleza komoya okungekuhle, izinga lokushisa eliphansi, nokugcwala kwamanzi kuholela ekungenweni yilesi sifo.
Isikali
Isifo fungal esivame kakhulu futhi siyingozi zemithi yezithelo, ikakhulukazi izihlahla zama-apula kanye namapheya. Ukutheleleka kwenzeka ezinsweni bese kusakazeka kubo bonke ubuso besihlahla. Lesi sifo singabonakala ukuqhakaza okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okusakazekela kusuka emaqabungeni kuya ezithelo.
Isikali
Kubalulekile! Izifo zezihlahla, njengomthetho, zingaba nzima kakhulu. Izifo zokukhunta ezithinta ukutshala izilimo zezithelo kufanele zihlanganiswe ngokushesha lapho kuvela izimpawu zokuqala zokutheleleka.
Izindawo ezigulayo kufanele zisuswe ngokushesha futhi zishiswe. Njengoba amakhowe enokusebenza okuhle kakhulu, ungagcwalisi imigodi yomquba ngezinto ezisusiwe noma uzivumele ungene ku-mulch. Kuyadingeka ukuphatha izihlahla ngamalungiselelo we-fungicidal, njenge-Teldor, Meloli Dow, Alatt, njll. Isixazululo silungiselelwe ngokuqinile ngokwemiyalo evela kumenzi. Ukucubungula kwenziwa njalo ngezinsuku eziyi-15-30.
Isifo Samagciwane
Amagciwane ayizinto eziphilayo ezinhlobonhlobo, umsoco wawo, njengasesimweni samakhowe, kwenzeka ngokuxutshana nezicubu zezilimo zezithelo. Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane akuyona ingozi kangako ezihlahleni zezithelo nezihlahlana kunezikhunta. Amagciwane athela izihlahla zezithelo ngomonakalo womshini, ngokwesibonelo, emva kokuthena. Izisulu ezitholakala kakhulu ezithweni zezithelo yimithi yama-apula, amapharele, amaplamu, amapetshisi, ama-apricots.
Ukushiswa kwamagciwane
Kuqala ngeqiniso lokuthi i-white exudate ngephunga le-pungent, ekhishwe ngenxa yesifo, isakazeka ngokushesha ngendlela yewebhu kuyo yonke indawo. Ama-inflorescence athinteka kuqala, bese amaqabunga. Isiteji sithathwa njengokunganakwa lapho, ngaphezu kwama-inflorescence, amahlumela amasha kanye namagxolo kuthinteka khona. Kungumsebenzi ukuthi ama-inflorescence agulayo angagugi futhi angahlala esihlahleni kuyo yonke inkathi, futhi iphethini "yemabula" ebunjiwe ingabonakala ezingxenyeni zegxolo.
Ukushiswa kwamagciwane
Kubalulekile! Izifo zezihlahla zezivande ezibangelwa ukutheleleka ngegciwane ziyinkinga enkulu ngokwanele engahlangabezana nayo umlimi weengadi. Ukutholwa kokuqala kwezimpawu zalezi zifo eziyingozi kuwuphawu lwokwenza ngokushesha.
Ukuqhekeka kwamagxolo esihlahla sezithelo
Kungani amagxolo aqhekeka ezihlahleni zezithelo, nokuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okufanele akhethe - kuphakama imibuzo engadingeki kumgcini wegadi othole ukuqhekeka esiqwini sesihlahla se-apula noma sethanga. Izimbangela zalezi zinto zihlukahlukene kakhulu, kodwa kaningi lezi zihlukahlukene zokukhanselwa kwezithelo.
Umdlavuza omnyama we-apula
I-bacterium, ewela kumagxolo esihlahla esonakele ekwindla, ihlala ngaphansi kwayo kuyo yonke inkathi ebusika. Entwasahlobo, ungathola amachashazi amnyama amnyama, okukhombisa ubukhona bokuxilongwa okulimazayo. Lapho lesi sifo sikhula, ukuqhekeka nokuwohloka kwamagxolo, iqabunga liwa ngaphambi kokuba izithelo zivuthwe, kwezinye izimo kuqhume isidumbu sezithelo. Ezimweni ezinzima ikakhulukazi, wonke umthondo uyathinteka.
Umdlavuza omnyama
Cytosporosis
Isifo esiqala ngomonakalo kugxolo lesiqu, sisabalale kulo lonke igatsha. Njengoba amagxolo athinteka yileli gciwane angahlukile kokuphilile, kunzima kakhulu ukuqaphela ukugula esigabeni sokuqala.
Umdlavuza Ovamile noma WaseYurophu
Izimpawu eziphambili ukungcwatshwa onsundu ngesibonakaliso esikhanyayo esiqwini nakwamagatsha. Lapho lesi sifo sikhula, kuvela amashubhu abomvu azungeze izindawo zokuphumula - izindawo lapho izinhlayiya zokukhunta zigxiliswa khona. Isigaba esibulalayo sokutheleleka kwesihlahla ngokutheleleka ngokufa kwamagxolo nokuhlukaniswa kwaso ngendlela yemibuthano enamthelela emaphethelweni.
Nakani! Ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo kumagxolo ezihlahla kungamiswa ngokuthi "kubambe" ukubonakaliswa kokuqala kumagatsha amancane. Uma ungayinaki le nkinga, izinto zokuphumula nokuxhuma izokwanda, bese ukubola kusabalale nesiqu sesihlahla.
Umdlavuza Wokuzala Ngebhakteriya
Zonke izilimo zezithelo nezihlahla zingagula. Isibonakaliso esiyinhloko salesi sifo ukwanda kwezicubu zempande noma impande yentamo. Ukuqhubeka kwalesi sifo kuvusa ukwakheka kweziqubu, ngenxa yalokho ukuphazamiseka kwamanzi esihlahleni kuphazamiseka. Ingxenye yezimpande iyafa. Ukukhula kabusha ukukhula kukhula eqinisweni lokuthi inhlabathi iba ngumthombo wokutheleleka, futhi ngenxa yalokho iholela ekusakazekeni kwayo.
Umdlavuza Wokuzala Ngebhakteriya
Akunakwenzeka ukuqeda ngokuphelele umdlavuza webhaktheriya wezithombo. Kodwa-ke, kungamandla ayo ukuqukethe ukusakazeka kwezifo. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa amalungiselelo aqukethe ithusi. Ukugawulwa kwezihlahla kufanele kwenziwe ngokubanjwa kwezicubu ezinempilo ezingamasentimitha ayi-10. Izigaba ezintsha, ukuze kugwenywe ukuvuselelwa, kufanele ziphathwe nge-varnish yasengadini noma nge-putty. Kuyadingeka ukwelapha njalo imishini yensimu ngama-disinfectants, ngoba amagciwane angahlala ehlala kuyo.
Kubalulekile! Kunconywa ukuhlolwa kwezihlahla zokuqhekeka kwegxolo ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Uma imifantu noma kumnyama amagxolo kutholakala esiqwini noma emagatsheni, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo ezisheshayo. Uma izimpawu zalesi sifo zincane, udinga ukugeza amagxolo alimile, faka isixazululo se-zethusi sulfate noma i-Bordeaux fluid esilondeni bese usimboza ngegadi ye-var. Uma imizamo ingalethi imiphumela ebonakalayo noma indawo yomonakalo inkulu kakhulu, isitshalo kufanele silahlwe.
Njengoba usufundile izici zezifo ezivame kakhulu zezihlahla zezithelo, uzokwazi ukuzibona ngesikhathi bese ukhetha ukwelashwa okufanele. Kwezinye izimo, lokhu kuzosiza ukusindisa impilo yesitshalo, ngoba ngeke sikwazi ukubhekana nalesi sifo uqobo.
