I-Ehmeya iyimbali engapheli yamahlathi ashisayo evela emndenini wase bromeliad, odabuka eCentral naseNingizimu Melika. Ikhula iziqu zezihlahla ezindala (epiphyte).
Kunezinhlobo zomhlaba ezingandile zomhlaba. Ama-Florists ayaziswa ngamaqabunga okuhlobisa akha i-funnel, nezimbali ezingavamile. Kuhlala isikhathi eside, ukukhishwa ngakunye akukashadi.
Incazelo yehmei
Igama lisho isiphetho seziqongo, kusuka ku-Greek "aechme" yesiGrikhi. Amabhulashi akhombe ngokugqamile kwesinye isikhathi ayiphutha ngezimbali uqobo:
- Isiqu sifushane. Amaqabunga amade, avela kancane emaphethelweni, akha irosette eyakheke ngokuqina. Umbala wazo ungaba luhlaza okotshani noma ompunga, ocacile noma omthethe.
- Ama-inflorescences ahlukahlukene: ukwethuka, ikhanda, ispike. Amabhuleki abomvu noma apinki. Ezonweni zazo kukhona izimbali ezibomvu eziphakathi nendawo, ezibomvu noma eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- Impande ayikhuliswanga kahle, indima yayo enkulu ukugcina isitshalo sisekelwa.
Hlela izinhlobo ezingama-280 ze-echmea. Bayazi imithetho yokunakekelwa, bakhulile ekhaya.
Izinhlobo zasendlini ehmei
| Isihloko | Kushiya | Izimbali |
| Kuyakhazimula | Umbala wohlangothi olungaphezulu uluhlaza, uhlangothi olungaphansi lube nsomi. Okulula kakhulu ukunakekela. | Umbala wamakhorali onomngcele ogqamile. I-inflorescence panicle. |
| Umugqa ophindwe kabili | Okuluhlaza okotshani, okuncane, kwakha irosette eliqhakaza (ububanzi kuze kufike ku-1 m). | Umbala weLilac. |
| Bearded (Kuboshelwe) | Luhlaza okotshani ,qinile. | UGolide I-inflorescence panicle. Ine-peduncle ephezulu embozwe ukuqhuma okumhlophe. |
| Imichilo (Fasciata) | Imifino ebanzi enesikhumba ebanzi enemisho emhlophe. Izinto ezinobuthi zikhona, zingadala ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba esingavikelekile. | Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Inhloko enkulu ye-inflorescence ifinyelela ku-30 cm. |
| I-Weilbach | Luhlaza-oluthambile oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka olune-tinge obomvu phansi. | Bluish onomngcele omhlophe. |
| Kukhethiwe | Nqena. Ingakhula njenge-epiphyte nasemhlabeni. | Ikhanda le-inflorescence lingafinyelela ku-20 cm. |
| UShaggy, noma uLinden | Kubanzi, kuze kufike ku-1 m ubude. | Umbala ophuzi. |
| I-Echmea yeNdlovukazi uMariya | Umbono onqabile. | Inezimbali ezingafani nobungqingili. Ama-Hummingbird ahlanganiswe ngempova ngemvelo, ngokwezimo zangaphakathi endlini. I-inflorescence ebonakalayo efinyelela ku-50 cm. |
Khula ehmei endlini
| Isizini / Izimo | Ntwasahlobo | Ihlobo | Ukuwa | Ubusika |
| Indawo | IWindows ibheke entshonalanga noma empumalanga. Vikela kokusalungiswa. | |||
| Ukushisa | + 22 ... +28 ºС | + 19 ... +21 ºС | ||
| Isibani | Kuhlakazeke kukhanya | Ukunwebisa amahora emini emahoreni angama-14-16 usebenzisa i-phytolamp. Namathisela amasentimitha angama-50 ngaphezulu kwembiza. | ||
| Umswakama | Fafaza nsuku zonke. Sebenzisa amanzi athambileko afudumeleko. Beka phezu kwetreyi ngamatshe amatshe. | Ekuseni, fafaza uma izinga lokushisa lingaphezu kuka +20 ° C. Uma ephansi, vikela ilondolo emanzini. Sula uthuli emacembe ngendwangu emanzi. | ||
Ubuqili bokutshala nokufakisa i-ehmei
Ukuze ufike ngempumelelo, kufanele wazi ezinye izici.
Ku-ehmei kungcono ukhethe ebanzi, kunokuba yimbiza ejulile, ngoba izimpande ziphezulu. Kuyadingeka umgodi wokukhipha.
Kukhethwa isitsha esenziwe ngopulasitiki esikhundleni sobumba. Kamuva kuzobanda kakhulu. Isimbali esishisayo sithanda imfudumalo. Ubukhulu bebhodwe kufanele bukhulu kancane kunevolumu yezimpande. Ukuqina nobuhle kuzonikeza i-cache-pot.
Inhlabathi yama bromeliad iyathengiswa ezitolo ezikhethekile.
Kungenzeka futhi ukulungisa inhlabathi ngokwakho. Kubalulekile ukuthi ivele.
Kunezindlela eziningi zokwakheka:
- Amagxolo ephayini, isihlabathi esihlanganayo, i-sphagnum echotshoziwe ngokulingana 1: 1: 1. Kuhle ukufaka i-peat ne-uphondo chips.
- Umhlaba one-leafy, humus, sphagnum (1: 1: 1). Kuyasiza ukwengeza izitini ezindala ezibunjiwe.
Ingxube yomhlabathi eyenziwe ekhaya kufanele ivalwe ngokuthosa kuhhavini noma uthele amanzi abilayo phezu kwayo.
Ukufakelwa kuyadingeka kanye ngonyaka, ngoMashi.
Ukudlulisa isinyathelo ngesinyathelo:
- dala ungqimba lokudonsa amanzi esitsheni esilungiselelwe, cishe i-volume yevolumu. Lokhu kuyisivikelo ekuvinjelweni kwamanzi;
- uthele i-1-2 cm yengxube yenhlabathi ngaphezulu kokudonsa;
- susa ngokucophelela imbali esitsheni, unikine umhlabathi kancane, usike izisekelo ezomile nezimpande;
- fafaza izingcezu zekhabhoni ezisikiwe ezihlanganisiwe, zomisa amahora ama-2;
- faka esitsheni esisha, engeza inhlabathi ngaphandle kokuphazamisa;
- xubha ngobumnene ukwaba inhlabathi ngokulinganayo;
- ekugcineni kokufakelwa, gcina emthunzini ngaphandle kokunisela izinsuku ezingama-2-3, lesi yisikhathi sokuguqulwa kwezimpande.
Ukondla nokunisela i-ehmei
Ngokunisela sebenzisa amanzi athambileko, axazululiwe, afudumele ngaso sonke isikhathi. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, ukuthambisa ejwayelekile futhi okuningi kuyadingeka, kuqala ku-faneli bese kungena emhlabathini. Amanzi endaweni yokuphuma kufanele aguqulwe njalo emavikini ama-2, ukuvikela ukuzuma. Ungakhipha uketshezi ngokweqile ngokutshala lesi sitshalo, usibambe ngokuqinile, noma usisuse ngethanga.
Esikhathini sekwindla-ebusika, manetha amanzi njalo. Emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka +20 ° C kubalulekile ukugcina okuphumayo kumile.
Ukondla umanyolo wama-bromeliad kusuka ngoMashi kuya ku-Okthoba, njalo emavikini amabili, ukuhlanganisa nokunisela ngendlela eyondlayo. Fafaza ngesisombululo noma uthele ku-funnel.
Ukusakazeka kwe-ehmei
I-Echmea isakaza ngembewu nangezindlela zezitshalo.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu kunconywa ngo-Ephreli ku-peat okungaxhunyiwe kuyo. Mboza izitshalo ngefilimu (ingilazi). Faka umoya bese uthambisa inhlabathi nsuku zonke. Kunconywa ukugcina amazinga okushisa angaphakathi + 23 ... +26 ° С futhi unikeze ukukhanya okukhanyayo, kepha kungafani.
Lapho kuvela amaqabunga amabili, dive. Kuzithombo, izinga lokushisa lika +22 ° C kufanelekile. Ngemuva konyaka, itshalwe njengesitshalo esidala ebhodweni elifanele. Izoqhakaza ngemuva kweminyaka engaba ngu-4.
Indlela ye-vegetative ayisebenzi kangako.
Isitshalo sikamama, sesiqedile ukuqhakaza izimbali, sinika impilo izinqubo eziningana ezintsha - izingane. Badinga ukukhula futhi bazitholele ezabo izimpande. Lapho zifinyelela ku-15-20 cm, zingatshalwa kabusha. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngoMashi, ususe ngokucophelela lesi sitshalo epanini lezimbali. Hlukanisa izinqubo zezingane nezimpande ngommese obukhali. Izicucu ziphathwe nge-carbon ecijekile eyenziwe yasebenza. Dlulisela emabhodweni kuze kufike ku-9 cm.
Sebenzisa ingxube yenhlabathi enamaqabunga, isihlabathi kanye ne-peat (2: 1: 1). Mboza izingane ezifakwe kabusha ngefilimu esobala bese uzigcina egumbini elifudumele nelikhanyayo. Dlulisela emabhodweni amakhudlwana ngemuva kokubuna. Kuzoqhakaza eminyakeni engu-1-2.
Umhlali wasehlobo uyeluleka: asize ehmey kwezimbali
U-Ehmeya uqhakaza kahle ngokunakekelwa okufanele. Ungasiza isitshalo siqhakaze ngokushesha, ngoba lokhu udinga ukubeka i-apula noma i-orange ebhodweni. Ukuhlanganisa konke ngefilimu akuqinile. Lezi zithelo zikhipha igesi ye-ethylene, ekhuthaza ukuqhakaza. ICalcium carbide nayo iyasebenza. Kufanele ifakwe emgqonyeni wamanzi. Uma zixhumana, kuzodedelwa into efanayo - i-ethylene.
Izifo nezinambuzane ze-echmea
| Inambuzane | Ukubonakaliswa | Okufanele ukwenze |
| Isikhala sesicabucabu | Kukhona amabala ansundu kumashidi e-webbed. Zomile, ziwe. | Phatha zonke izingxenye nge-Fosbecid noma i-Decis. Umswakama omuhle enhlabathini nasemoyeni kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni. |
| Isihlangu | Amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi, omile, athungatha isinambuzane kuwo. Isitshalo sinciphisa ukukhula. | Moisten i-napkin emanzini anosokisi noma utshwala bese ususa izinambuzane emaqabungeni. Ukulungiselela iKarbofos ne-Actellik kusebenza kuzo zonke izingxenye zesitshalo. |
| I-Mealybug | Amaqabunga ayabuna, ikakhulukazi ahlangene, isitshalo asikhuli. | Sebenzisa ikarbofos. |
| Impande isibungu | Kuthinta impande, kuholele ekubunukeni kwayo. Ezimpandeni kukhona izigaxa ezimhlophe, njengamafutha okotini. Ukukhula kuyama, amaqabunga aphenduka aphambili, aqine, awomile, awele phansi. | Yehlisa ukuthambisa. Phatha noPhasalon noKarbofos. |
| Ukubola kwezimpande | Amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi futhi awe ngenxa yomswakama ngokweqile. | Susa i-ehmey epanini lezimbali, hlamba izimpande ngamanzi endaweni yokushisa yasekamelweni. Susa izingxenye ezilimele, uzifake enhlabathini entsha bese uthele ngesisombululo seCarbendazim. |
Amaphutha ekunakekeleni i-echmea
| Inkinga ngamahlamvu hhayi kuphela | Isizathu |
| Isikhathi eside akukho okuqhakaza izimbali. | Izitshalo zamathafa mhlawumbe zingenawo umsoco, zilezo ezixubile - ukukhanya. |
| Phenduka ophuzi. | Inhlabathi ayivumeli umoya owanele nomswakama noma ukuntuleka kokufaka umanyolo, noma izinambuzane. |
| Yiba nsundu bese womile kusuka emaphethelweni. | Igumbi elibandayo. |
| Brown kusuka phansi. | Isibonakaliso sokubola ngenxa yokunisela ngokweqile egumbini elibandayo. |
| Fade, isithombe siyanyamalala. | Ukushiswa yilanga, ukuvikelwa elangeni eliqondile. |
| Fade, imibimbi ivele, yomile kusukela kumathiphu. | Ukuntuleka komoya nomswakama wenhlabathi. |
Inzuzo noma ukulimala kwe-ehmeya (umphumela kumandla wegumbi)
U-Ehmeya uthuthukisa ubungqabavu, ukuzimisela. Akukalulekanga ukuyibeka egumbini lokulala, ngoba abantu abanozwelo bangaqala ukuqwasha.
Kepha ihhovisi, ideskithophu yindawo efanele. Kuyasiza ukugcina imizwa yenjabulo, ubungqabavu, ukwakha kanye nokusebenzisa amasu empilweni.
