IHellebore (ngesiLatini Helleborus) ingotshani obunobunono obuvela emndenini waseLyutikov. Lesi sitshalo esihle sezimbali siyisimangaliso sangempela semvelo. Ngoba iqhuma ngesikhathi lapho izimbali zingenakwenzeka kwezinye izitshalo.
UFrostweed angajabulisa ngezinhlamvu ezinhle ngoNovemba noma ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli.
Incazelo ye-hellebore, isithombe
Itshalwa njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa nokwelapha. Kunezinhlobo eziyi-14 zemvelo, ngokusho kweminye imithombo - 20. Ukungafani ngamanani kungenxa yokuthi ezinye izinhlobo zibonakala njengezinhlobo ezihlukile.
IHellebore inamanye amagama amaningi - iqabunga leqhwa, ubusika obusika, iHellebore (igama lesiLatini, elibhalwe emaphaketheni ekhemisi). Ngenxa yokuqhakaza kokuqala (kwamaholide ePhasika), ibizwa ngokuthi yi-rose of Christ. Zonke izinhlobo zinobuthi, ngoba ziqukethe ama-alkaloids womphumela wezinhliziyo. Kumadosi alinganiselayo, asetshenziswa njengomuthi.
Izwe lase-hellebore yiMedithera, elisatshalaliswa ikakhulu emazweni ase-East European, emazweni ase-Asia. Imvamisa ikhula ezimeni zemvelo ezintabeni, ithande izindawo ezinomthunzi. Lesi sitshalo singamelana nanoma yisiphi isimo sezulu esibi - kanye nesithwathwa, nesithwathwa.
Inamaqabunga aqine, aminyene angawa ngisho nasebusika. Izimbali zivela ngezikhathi ezingajwayelekile, ngakho-ke i-hellebore ibhekwa njengesihlahla esidala kakhulu okulula ukukhula. Futhi ubuhle bayo obuhle, obuthakathaka, njengokungathi benziwe ngemabula, ama-inflorescence ayakwazi ukuhlobisa noma yisiphi ingadi futhi ame esihlangwini isikhathi eside ngemuva kokusikwa.
I-herbaceous evergreen perennial has amacembe kuma-petioles amade. Baqoqwe endaweni ethengisa izisekelo. Ukuphakama kwezitshalo, kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, kuvela ku-30 kuye ku-100 cm.
Izimbali zi-bisexual, zitholakala kuma-peduncle amade, aqoqwe ngama-inflorescences amafomu ohlanga. Amathuna amakhulu amakhulu anezinkanyezi ezinhlanu (5-8 ububanzi, kwesinye isikhathi aze afike ku-12 cm), ovame ukungaqondakali ngezipikili, amhlophe, apinki, abe-beige, onsomi ngombala, kwezinye izinhlobo aphuzi aluhlaza. Ama-petals uqobo aseshintshile futhi amancikane amancanyana. Ngemuva kokuphela kwesikhathi sokucoliswa yizinambuzane, lapho kungasadingekile ukuheha kubo, amathuna athole umbala ophuzi bese eqala ukufeza izinhloso zawo - ukuhlanganisa izinto eziphilayo.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-hellebore: Caucasian nabanye
Ezingadini, izinhlobo eziningana ze-hellebore zikhuliswa njengomhlobiso, okuvela kuzo izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, ezihlukile ngombala, ukwakheka nosayizi wezimbali, ukuphakama kwezihlahla, umbala wamaqabunga.
Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ezitshalwe ezingadini zomhlobiso we-hellebore:
| Buka | Incazelo | Kushiya | Izimbali Izinhlobo |
| Caucasian | Uhlobo olunobuthi kunazo zonke lumelana neqhwa. | Isikhumba kanzima i-16 cm, ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezinkulu. | Okuluhlaza okotshani noma omhlophe nge-tint nsundu-eluhlaza okotshani namakhanda aqaqambile. Ukuqhakaza kusuka ngoMeyi kuya kuJulayi. |
| Amamatheke | Imelana nesomiso, i-evergreen, ene-peduncle ephezulu (65 cm) | Ubusika, obunamacala amancane, acwebezelayo, obuluhlaza obunotshani | Luhlaza okhanyayo onqenqemeni onsundu.
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| Empumalanga | Izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi, ngesisekelo lapho izinhlobo zazo eziningi zizalaniswa. | Usayizi ophakathi nendawo, oluhlaza okotshani, onesakhiwo esinaminyene. Ngaphezu kwezinye izinhlobo ezitholakala ekuthelelekeni fungal. | Imibala ehlukahlukene ehlukahlukene ukusuka kokumhlophe kuye kumnyama kakhulu, opinki, o-lilac, ogqamile, o-cherry, ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obububende, obomvana nabamachashaza, onama-terry petals emigqeni eminingana. Okudumile:
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| Mnyama | Isetshenziswa kabanzi njengesitshalo sokwelapha. Inezimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu zokuhlobisa, ukumelana nesithwathwa esiphezulu. Igama litholwe ngenxa yombala we-rhizome. | Ubukhulu, luhlaza okotshani. | Ngaphakathi, kukhulu, kumhlophe qhwa, kumhlophe qhwa, ngaphandle kwepinki. Ubukhulu be-varietal bufika kububanzi kufika ku-12 cm.
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| I-Hybrid | Uhlobo oluhlukile, oluthathwe ngokudalwa, oluhlanganisa izinhlobo eziningana zezilwane. Qhakaza ngo-Ephreli. | Oluhlaza okotshani ngombala, obukhulu. |
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Ukutshala nokukhula kwe-hellebore
Ukutshala i-hellebore kungenziwa ngokuhlukanisa ama-rhizomes noma imbewu.
Kulula ukutshala ama-rhizomes, izitshalo ziqala ukuqhakaza ekuqaleni, kepha ubunzima ukuthi ngale ndlela ayizikhuli kahle.
Ukukhula kusuka ezinhlanyelweni kuzothatha isikhathi eside, ukuqhakaza kwezimbali kwenzeka emva kweminyaka engama-3-4, kepha izitshalo zijwayela kangcono futhi siqhume. Kwimbewu eqoqwe esizeni sayo, ungakhula kuphela uma izinhlobo ze-hellebore (hhayi ezi-hybrid). Ukuze ukhule izinhlobo ezihlanganisiwe, imbewu kufanele ithengwe ezitolo ezikhethekile.
Ukuhlwanyelwa kwezithombo
Imbewu esisanda kuvunwa kuphela efanelekile ukutshala, ngoba imbewu yangonyaka odlule inehlumela eliphansi. Kungcono ukutshala ngasekupheleni kukaJuni, lapho sesivuthiwe futhi isilungele ukutshala.
Ukuze imbewu ingakhubeki ingene emhlabathini ngaphambi kwesikhathi, izimbali ziboshwe nge-gauze, bese zisuswa lapho.
Ngokuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo, udinga ukukhetha indawo ene-shaded, umanyolo womhlabathi nge-humus, kufanele ukhulule futhi umswakama. Jula imbewu ngo-1-1.5 cm. Ngemuva kokutshala ngoJuni, izithombo zizovela entwasahlobo yonyaka olandelayo, ngoMashi.
Lapho kuvela amaqabunga ama-1-2 amaqabunga ezitshalweni, kudingeka uwahudulele embhedeni wezimbali endaweni enezihlakala lapho azokhula khona iminyaka emi-2. Ngemuva kwalokho tshala izithombo ezinamandla endaweni ehlala njalo. Kuphela ngonyaka wesithathu ziyaqhakaza.
Ukufakelwa nokuhlukaniswa
Ngokutshala okufanele, i-hellebore ingakhula ngokujwayelekile endaweni eyodwa kuze kube iminyaka eyi-10.
Lezi zitshalo azithandi ukufakelwa njalo. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukushiya izihlahla endaweni eyodwa zize zikhule kakhulu.
Ngemuva kwalokho ungabakhipha bese uwahlukanisa ube amahlahla amaningana. Ngemuva kokufika endaweni entsha, athatha izimpande isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukunakekelwa okulungile - ukuthambisa ejwayelekile, ukuvikelwa elangeni eliqondile.
Izimo ezikhulayo zeHellebore
Izinhlobo eziningi ze-hellebore zikhula kangcono emthunzini noma ekukhanyiseni. Kepha lesi sitshalo sikhona emhlabeni wonke futhi sihlangabezana nezimo eziningi. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-hybrid ezizizwa zizinhle ezindaweni ezinelanga.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-hellebore yangaphandle
Lezi zitshalo azithobeki, zimelana nesithwathwa, azifuni ekwakhekeni kwenhlabathi. Kepha ezinye izincomo zokunakekelwa kufanele zibhekwe:
- Gwema ukuzamisa amanzi kuma-rhizomes kanye nokomisa kwenhlabathi. Ngakho-ke, khulula umhlabathi futhi unikeze ukuthambisa ejwayelekile esimweni sezulu esomile.
- Kuyelulekwa ukusebenzisa izithombo zezihlahla ezungeze izitshalo nge-peat, umquba, imfucuza encane yezinkuni.
- Emithini yenhlabathi, ikhula kabi, ngakho-ke udinga ukwengeza ushoko, ulamula, umlotha enhlabathini enjalo.
- Inhlabathi yehlathi, equkethe zonke izinto ezidingekayo, ilungele lezi zitshalo.
- UMoroznik uthanda umanyolo odinga ukusetshenziswa njalo ezinyangeni ezi-3. Lapho-ke kuyojabulisa ngezimbali eziningi. Ngaphezu kokuxubha ngomquba noma i-humus, udinga ukwenza umanyolo wamaminerali ngesikhathi sokukhula, kanye nesidlo samathambo.
Naphezu kokumelana nesithwathwa kwalezi zitshalo, izinhlobo eziningi, ikakhulukazi ezi-hybrid, ezifundeni ezinamafrimu anamandla zidinga ukufakelwa insimbi, ngakho-ke zimbozwa nge-spruce ebusika.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
IMoroznik yisitshalo esinobuthi futhi ngenxa yalokho esingabukeki kangako kwizinambuzane, inamandla okumelana nezifo. Kepha ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, futhi kungaphansi komphumela onjalo:
- inkinga yenzeka ngokugcwala kwamanzi, khona-ke lesi sitshalo singathinteka isikhunta;
- I-Anthracnose - kulokhu, udinga ukususa zonke izindawo ezithintekile zesitshalo futhi wenze ukwelashwa ngomuthi oqukethe ithusi;
- ukukhala kwendandatho - unqume zonke izindawo ezithintekile futhi uphathe nge-fungicide;
- i-Downy mildew - izihlahla nokufafaza ngamalungiselelo akhethekile;
- we izinambuzane ziyingozi - aphid, slugs, iminenke, amagundane, hop amacimbi.
Umhlali wasehlobo: izakhiwo eziwusizo nokusetshenziswa kwe-hellebore
I-Moroznik isetshenziswa ngempumelelo ekwelapheni izifo eziningi. Kepha ungayithatha kuphela ngesilinganiso esilinganiselwe, ngoba i-overdose iyingozi empilweni. Udokotela kuphela ongakunikeza ukwelashwa okunjalo, ngoba kunokuphulwa okuningi.
Ngenhloso yokwelapha, i-rhizome yesitshalo iyasetshenziswa. Iyadedelwa ezindaweni ezonakele, igezwe kahle, yomile futhi inhlabathi. Ngemuva kokulungiselela ama-decoctions, ama-infusions, okokugcoba.
Ukupholisa izakhiwo ze-hellebore
Isitshalo sinezindawo zokwelapha ezilandelayo:
- ihlanza umzimba wobuthi, i-radionuclides, ubuthi;
- kuthuthukisa motility esiswini;
- yenza imisebenzi yemvelo iguqule;
- kuyakhuthaza ukungatheleleki;
- isiza nge-sinusitis;
- uphatha izifo zesikhumba kanye namanxeba;
- isiza nge-urolithiasis;
- kuthuthukisa isimo esigabeni sokuqala se-oncology;
- kuqinisa amasosha omzimba;
- sputum ye-liquefies;
- kuthuthukisa ukuqalwa kabusha kwama-cysts nezindawo;
- ibuyisela ibhalansi kasawoti wamanzi;
- kunciphisa ukukhuluphala.
Ngokusetshenziswa njalo kwalesi sidakamizwa, izinyanga eziyisithupha zokuqala ipheshana lesisu liyahlanzwa, bese ihlanza igazi.
Contraindication
I-Moroznik ayinconywa ukusetshenziswa:
- izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-7 ubudala kanye nobudala;
- ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuqunjelwa;
- ngemuva kokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo;
- ngokungabekezeleli ngakunye;
- uma kwenzeka kutholakala isifo i-ischemia, isifo se-gallstone, i-arrhythmia, i-tachycardia.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-hellebore isitshalo esinoshevu.
I-overdose kungenzeka zombili ngokweqile komthamo wesikhathi esisodwa, nokusebenzisa isikhathi eside imithamo emincane.
