I-Bellarosa amazambane: athelekayo, angenakuqhathaniswa nesimo somsoco

Amazambane angenye yezitshalo ezibaluleke kakhulu ezikhulile kokubili ezindaweni zokulima ezincane nasemasimini angenamkhawulo.

Izinhlobo zanamuhla zamazambane zihlukaniswa yizivuno eziphakeme, ukumelana nezifo ezihlukahlukene kanye nezinambuzane, ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu.

Phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobonhlobo zingaba yizici ezihlukahlukene ezahlukahlukene ze-Bellaroza, ezakhele ohlangothini olungcono kakhulu futhi zithandwa emazweni amaningi.

Incazelo ehlukahlukene

Umsuka wemifino

I-Bellarosa yizinhlobonhlobo zetafula amazambane aphethwe ngabalimi baseJalimane futhi bahlakulela ngempumelelo ezindaweni ezizungezile zezulu. Ikhulile ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezivulekile zase-Ukraine, eMoldova futhi cishe yonke indawo eRussia.

Izici eziyinhloko zezinhlobonhlobo ze-Bellaroza, okuyizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu, ziyizi:

Precocity. Ukuvuna kwenziwa ezinsukwini ezingama-50-60 emva kokutshala, kanti ukumba kungenziwa kakade ngosuku lwama-45. Ezindaweni eziseningizimu kunethuba lokuqoqa izivuno ezimbili ngesikhathi sonyaka: emva kokuvuna kokuqala kule minyaka eyishumi yokuqala kaJulayi, ungasebenzisa izindawo ezivuliwe zokutshala okulandelayo. Iqoqo lesibili liwela eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala kaSeptemba.

Ukuthela. Ukuvuna lokhu okuhlukahluka kunika isiteji esiphezulu futhi esiphezulu-kufika ku-20-35 amathani ngehektare ngalinye lomhlaba.

Ukuze uqhathanise isivuno nokugcina izinga lezinhlobonhlobo nabanye, ungasebenzisa ithebula elingezansi:

Ukubekezelelana kwesomiso. I-Bellarosa ihlala ngokuthula ngokukhuthazela izimo zezulu ezomile.
Ukungazethembi nokungahlambuluki kwamanzi kwenza kube lula ukukhulisa amazambane ezindaweni ezinkulu ezingahlonywanga ohlelweni lokunisela lokuzenzekelayo.

Ukufuna emhlabathini. I-Bellarosa ikhula kahle kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemhlabathi, ngaphandle kobumba obunzima.

Sebenzisa futhi ukunambitha. Ithebula elihlukahlukene lamazambane. Uma uhlola ngesilinganiso esikhombisa ama-point, ukulinganisa "5" kufana nokunambitha. Ngemuva kokwelashwa kokushisa, ukusabalala okulinganiselayo kuhlala.

Ukunambitheka kwamazambane kuncike ekutheni inani le isitashi ezilimo eziyizigaxa zalo. Etafuleni elingezansi ungabona ukuthi yini le nkhomba yezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene:

Ukuphikiswa komonakalo wendlela. Ukuphikiswa kuphakeme - lapho kuvuna, cishe amaphesenti angu-99 wezilimo eziyizigaxa ahlala nesimo esihle kakhulu.

Izifo zokuphikisa. I-Bellarosis ayinandaba nomdlavuza wezambane, ukubola kwebhaktheriya, isikhumba, ama-virus, i-Alternaria, i-Fusarium, i-Verticillosis, i-Golden potato cyst nematode, ukulimala kwelanga, uRhizoctonia nomlenze omnyama.

Isitoreji. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zivela phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo zokuqala zokugcina okuhle kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, amazambane asekuqaleni agcinwa isikhathi eside, kodwa i-Bellarosa iyinto ehlukile. Ukulahlekelwa ngesikhathi sokugcina kufinyelela ku-6%. Konke lokhu kungenxa yokumelana nomonakalo ngesikhathi sokuqoqwa nezifo.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nemigomo, izinga lokushisa nokugcina isitoreji ezinhlokweni ezengeziwe kusayithi. Futhi nakho konke mayelana nokugcinwa ebusika, emabhokisini, ebhaleni, esiqandisini, kwezitshalo ezihlutshiwe ezihlutshiwe.

Balekela

Ukutshala kwalesi simpande kuhluke kwezinye ukubukeka okuhle nokuhlobisa. Idubula umfaniswano. Amahlumela angama-oqondile, afinyelela ku-70-75 cm ngehora futhi abe neziqu ezinamandla. Amaqabunga ehlathini ayinkulu, amanzi ahlanzekile, avaliwe, emaphethelweni anesisindo esibuthakathaka. I-inflorescences yayizilinganiso eziphakathi noshubhu obomvu obomvu. Esinye isihlahla sinikeza izilimo eziyizigaxa ezinkulu ezifanayo ezingu-7-10.

Kungani uB Bellarosa ekhula?

Kwenzeka ukuthi ezihlukahlukene amazambane Bellarosa akusho ziyaqhakaza>. Ngokuvamile lokhu kuholela ekuzizweni kokuvuna okulandelayo. Yiqiniso, ukungabi khona kwezimbali kuyisibonakaliso sesifo noma ubuthakathaka besitshalo, kodwa hhayi ku-Bellarosa.

Njengoba lezi zitshalo izimpande zihlukaniswa njengezinhlobo ze-superearly, ukwakheka nokuvuthwa kwesitshalo kwenzeka ngokushesha kakhuluukuthi zivikelwe ezifweni, ngaphambi kokubonakala kwe-beetle yaseColorado futhi nje asinaso isikhathi sokuqhakaza.

Ngekhwalithi nobukhulu bezilimo eziyizilimo eziyizilimo eziyizigaxa ezivuna esikhathini esizayo, ukuntuleka kwezimbali kuyinto encane. Futhi isitshalo singalahla izimbali kanye namafihlekile uma izinga lokushisa eliphansi lidlula + degrees +22 (ukuqhakaza kwenzeka ngo-19 ... +22 degrees).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingadi ingavakashela isidalwa esiphilayo esingenzi lutho noma ukulimala. Kuyinto umhlabathi we-beetle kanye namazambane amazambane. Basheshe badle izimbali.

Isithombe

Izici zokukhula

Ukuhlwanyela

Izinsuku ezingu-15-21 ngaphambi kokutshala okuhlongozwayo, amazambane ama-imbewu kumele abekwe emabhokisini enkuni emigqeni engu-1-2 noma ehlukene ngaphakathi, ukugcina emini kanye nokushisa okungaphezu kuka-+15 degrees kuze kuvele amehlo.

Ukulungiselela isayithi lokutshala kufanele kwenziwe ngesikhathi sokuwa, kanti entwasahlobo kuyadingeka kuphela ukuyibeka. Uma uhlwanyela, cabanga ngobukhulu bezilimo eziyizigaxa ezizayo (zikhulu ngokwanele!).

Kunconywa ukuthi ulandele uhlelo lwe-90 * 40 cm lokuphuma kwe-Bellarosa.lokho kusho ukugcina ibanga phakathi kwezimbobo 40 cm, naphakathi kwemigqa engu 90 cm. Izimbobo zokutshala zingcono ukwakha ukujula kwe 8-10 cm, bese wengeza ama-potash-phosphate fertilizer, faka amazambane okutshala phansi, ukucwatshwa kanye nezinga.

Umquba

I-Bellarosa, njengezinye izinhlobo ezivuthiwe zakuqala, udinga ukudla ngezinto eziqukethe i-magnesium. Ukugqoka okunjalo kubalulekile ikakhulukazi ekutshalweni kwezitshalo ezitshalwe enhlabathini enhlabathi. Umanyolo ungadla ufulawa wama dolomite, okumele wenziwe ngesilinganiso sama-50 g ngehora elilodwa lesikwele.

Futhi, ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nokuthi kanjani, kanjani futhi nini ukondla amazambane, ukuthi ungayenza kanjani kahle uma utshala.

Lapho ukhula amazambane, amakhemikhali engeziwe athandiswa kakhulu ukuthuthukisa izitshalo noma ukulawula izinambuzane.

Funda konke mayelana nezinzuzo nezingozi ze-fungicides, ukhula lwe-herbicide nezinambuzane ezihlokweni eziwusizo kusayithi lethu.

Ukunakekela

Ukuze isivuno esikhulu, ngoba amazambane adinga ukunakekelwa. I-agrotechnology ilula kakhulu. Inqubo yokuqala kanye neyodwa yezinqubo ezibaluleke kunazo zonke inhlabathi ivusa futhi ikhuphuke. Lo mcimbi ubanjelwa ukubhubhisa ukhula futhi uphule umqubu womhlabathi, owakha emva kwemvula futhi uvimbele inhlabathi ekudleni oksijini.

Kungcono ukufeza umhlabathi 2-3 ukukhulula phezu kwesikhathi sonke sokukhula. Okokuqala kwenziwa ngezinsuku ezingu-7-8 emva kokutshala, ezinye izinsuku ezingu-7-8 kamuva, futhi ekuqaleni kokuhluma. Ngenxa yokubekezelelana kwesomiso kwe-Bellarosa, asikho isidingo sokunisela okwengeziwe; ukuchithwa kwemvelo kuyanele kuye. Ukuxubaniswa kuzokusiza ukulawula ukhula.

Kunezindlela eziningi zokutshala amazambane. Abanye babo bakulungele ukuvuna izidingo zabo, ezinye zisebenza ebangeni lebhizinisi. Sifuna ukwabelana nawe ngolwazi oluwusizo mayelana nobuchwepheshe beDutch, mayelana nokukhula ngaphansi komshini, emabhokisini, emasakeni nasemiphongolweni.

Siphinde sinikele nezinye izinhlobo zamazambane ngezimiso zokuvuthwa ezahlukene: