I-Alyssum isitshalo se-herbaceous emboza umhlaba womndeni wakwaBrassica noma weCorciferous. Ama-perennials kanye nonyaka ayatholakala. Sisatshalaliswa eYurophu, eNyakatho Afrika, e-Asia, eningizimu yeSiberia. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwe-100 ze-alissum. Okudumile phakathi kwabalimi, abangazithobi, ababekezeleli isomiso, abesabi isithwathwa.
Incazelo nezici ze-alissum
I-Alyssum (i-alyssum) inezimpande eziminyene, ezinamabala amancane, ziqondile, ziyenyuka noma ziyakhasa. Imbali yakha isihlahlana esiminyene esisuka ku-10 cm siye kumitha ukuphakama size sifinyelele ku-1.5 ububanzi. Amaqabunga awugqinsi, awunasono, awugqinsi, awumboziwe, ombozwe ngefluff yesiliva. Ifinyelela ku-15-40 cm, ama-buds akhiwa ngamacembe amane ahlelwe ngokuwela, ahlanganiswe kuma-inflorescences.
Izimbali zimelelwa ngemabhulashi amancane amhlophe qhwa, amhlophe golide, apinki, lilac, umbala ophuzi. Iqhakaza ngoMeyi, iqhakaza kuze kube sekwindla sekwephuzile, izitshalo ezinhle kakhulu zokunambitha. Iphunga lezinyosi zezinhlobo ngazinye ze-alissum lisakazeka ngamamitha amaningi.
Izithelo ingumba elinembewu isicaba, eligcina isebenza iminyaka emithathu. I-Rhizome engadingeki ngezimpande ezingeziwe.
Ukwakha ukhaphethi obabayo, i-alissum isetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwamapaki, izikwele, umhlobiso wemibhede yezimbali, ama-rockeries, ne-rabatok. Zihlotshisiwe nangabatshali bezingodo, amabhodwe, amabhokisi.
I-Alyssum iqukethe ama-alkaloid, ama-organic acid, ama-flavonoid futhi anezinto zokuphulukisa. Sebenzisa i-decoction yakhe ukuthola umkhuhlane, ukumnika ukunakekelwa kobuso, izingxenye ezomile ku-aromatherapy.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-alissum
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zihlukile ekuphakameni nakumbala wepende.
| Buka | Incazelo | Izinhlobo | Izimbali |
| Rocky | 8-10 cm ukuphakama. Amaqabunga awawi ngisho nasebusika. Zethuke izimbali, ziyaqhakaza ngo-Ephreli-Meyi, ziphele ngaphambi kwesikhathi. | ICitrinum | Lemon ophuzi. |
| IPlenum | Terry, ophuzi wegolide. | ||
| UDudley Neville | Tan. | ||
| Umdwebo wegolide | Qhakaza ngemuva kweminyaka emibili, ophuzi wegolide. | ||
| Aphrodite | Okuhlosiwe. | ||
| ICompactnum | Encane, iphunga elimnandi, liphuzi. | ||
| Emanzini | Emgqeni ophakathi kusatshalaliswa njengendlela yonyaka, kuze kufike ku-25 cm ukuphakama. Iziqu zakha i-rosette ehlangene. Iqhakaza kusukela ngoMeyi iya eqhweni. | I-Schneesturm | Okukhulu, okumhlophe. |
| Umbono we-Purple | UViolet. | ||
| U-Esther Bonnet Ngokujulile cwilisa uRose | Encane, ekhanyayo, i-lilac-pink. | ||
| UViolet Konigin | UViolet. | ||
| I-Apricot | I-pink salmon. | ||
| I-Ampel | Kuyathandwa ebhodweni le-cache-, elinogqinsi olunamandla neziqu ezinde. Ama-inflorescence adala ibhola elikhulu. Iqhakaza kusuka ngoJulayi kuya ku-Okthoba. | Isithwathwa | Ikhaphethi elimhlophe, eliqhakaza. |
| Isithwathwa seqhwa | Incane, imhlophe qhwa, imnandi kakhulu. | ||
| I-Gmelin (intaba) | Amagatsha akhasa futhi akhuphuka. Amaqabunga athambile. I-inflorescences ngesimo sokuqhuma kwebrashi ngoMeyi nango-Agasti. | Isigaxa sosi | Encane, ephuzi. |
| Igolide | Kuphuzi okugqamile. |
Izimo zezulu ze-alissum
Imibhalo yonyaka ibonakala ngokuqhakaza okumude, futhi ama-perennials amelana namazinga okushisa aphansi. Isimo sezulu se-alissum esingenakuzithoba silingana sobabili nesifudumele.
Kunezinhlobo ezivumelana kahle nezindawo ezisenyakatho, ezitshala izithombo zealissum lapho. Esimweni sezulu esifudumele, imbewu ihlwanyelwa ingene ngqo emhlabathini futhi isitshalo sithokozela inhlobo yezimbali ezingaphezu kwesisodwa ngonyaka.
Izindlela zokutshala i-alissum
I-Alissum itshalwe ngezithombo nembewu. Izithombo zilungiswe kusengaphambili endaweni ebamba ukushisa, ngokuqala kokushisa kwelanga kanye nokufudumele, zibekwa embhedeni wezimbali, indlela yesibili ukuhlwanyela imbewu ngokushesha.
Ukukhula kwe-alissum kusuka ezinhlanyelweni
Lapho ikhule kusuka ezinhlanyelweni, i-alissum izokuqhuma emva kwezinyanga eziyi-1.5.
Enye indlela ukubatshala ngoNovemba. Ngakho-ke, inqubo yokuhlwayeka izokwenzeka futhi izithombo zasentwasahlobo zizoba zinempilo kakhudlwana. Kepha ezimweni ezibandayo zingafa.
Inhlabathi yezithombo iyambiwa, ihlanzwe ukhula, idambulwe, iniselwe uma kunesidingo. Ungazibeka endaweni ehlala njalo noma okokuqala embhedeni ohlukile wengadi. Imbewu ifakwa emihlangeni. Mnciphise futhi umboze ngefilimu. Ukhula njalo. Amahlumela avela ngesonto elizayo ekushiseni kwe- +16 ° C. Zinqunywa kude ngebanga elingaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-10 bese zihlanganiswa ngamxube wezimbiwa.
NgoNovemba, imbewu isahlwanyelwa ngaphambi kobusika, amasentimitha angama-1-2 emiseleni. Kuthelelwa isihlabathi, kufakwe imbewu eyomile bese kufafazwa ngaphezulu. Amahlumela avela ngesizini ezayo. Uma kubanda, embozwe ifilimu. Ngemuva kwalokho, lapho izithombo zikhula, zibeke endaweni ekhethiwe.
Ikhula izithombo ze-alissum
Ezindaweni ezibandayo, izithombo zilungiswa maphakathi no-Mashi. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ezitsheni, inhlabathi ethengwa esitolo noma kumabhodwe akhethekile. Izitsha zikhethwa ngezimbobo zokudonsa amanzi. Bahlakazekile, bashiywe ekukhanyeni. Mboza ngefilimu, khahla umoya njalo. Dala ukukhanya okukhanyayo, izinga lokushisa + 10 ... +15 ° C, umswakama olinganiselayo, oniselwe. Lapho kuqala iqabunga lokuqala leqiniso, bayondla. Dive lapho kwakhiwa amashidi ama-2-3. Ukuze lukhuni, izithombo zivame ukwenziwa emoyeni imizuzu ethile.
Ukutshala i-Alissum emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukutshala nokunakekela endaweni evulekile kuhlukaniswa ukukhethwa kwendawo, ukuchelela ngesikhathi, nokugqoka okuphezulu. Izithombo noma imbewu itshalwe entwasahlobo, kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya kuJuni, kuyilapho indawo kufanele ibe yilanga, ngaphandle kokuqina komswakama, inhlabathi ayithathi hlangothi, i-alkaline kancane.
Ithanda imbali ukuze ikhule eduze kwendlela enamadwala, amathayili okuhlobisa. Inhlabathi enempilo kakhulu yenza imifino eminyene, nezimbali ezimbalwa.
Isikhathi sokutshala i-alissum
Inyanga yokutshala kukhethwa ngokuya ngesifunda, imvamisa ngoMeyi-Juni. Batyala imbali kwi-flowerbed kuphela lapho isithwathwa sesidlulile kanti nenhlabathi iyafudumala.
Izici Zokufika
Lapho ikhule endaweni evulekile, uhlobo lwembali luyabhekwa ukumba umgodi wokuthuthukisa uhlelo lwezimpande. Isihlabathi sengezwa enhlabathini eminyene. Ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo libonakala 25 cm cm.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Alissum
Nisela imbali kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ekushiseni, kepha kayithandi ukushuba komswakama. Lapho umhlaba womile ngo-2-3 cm, khona-ke lokhu kufanele kwenziwe. Basusa ukhula, bawukhulula umhlaba njalo. Basebenzisa futhi uhlelo lokunisela oluzenzakalelayo.
Ama-perennials ahlanganiswe nesixazululo se-urea ne-Agricola (amalitha ayi-10 ngalinye i-1 tbsp. LL). Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, udinga izingxube eziyinkimbinkimbi, izikhathi ezimbili ngesizini zanele. Abathandazi bathanda ukondla njalo kuze kube kane. Zilethwa ngaphansi kwempande ekuseni.
Ukuthena i-Alissum
Entwasahlobo kusuka ezinhlakeni ezingapheli, ama-peduncle amadala, amaqabunga omisiwe, iziqu ezibuthakathaka, nezigulayo ziyagawulwa. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwehlobo, amahlumela anqunywa ku-50-80 mm, akha isihlahla esihle nesihlangene.
I-Alyssum ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali
Lapho i-alissum iphela, ilungiselelwe ubusika. Kuyasuswa imibhalo, bese isitshalo semvelo sisikwa ngu 2/3 umhlaba uthukululwe nxazonke.
Ukuqoqwa kwembewu
NgoSepthemba nasekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, imbewu ziqoqwa kusuka imbali. Ukuze uqoqe, khetha isimo sezulu esomile nesomile. Ngaphansi kwesihlahla, imbobo yokubhedela imvamisa isatshalaliswa futhi ifakwe izandla. Izinto zembewu zomile, zigcinwa ezikhwameni zamaphepha noma ezikhwameni zezindwangu kuze kube yisizini ezayo.
Ubusika be-perennial
Ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo musa ukwenza izihlahla. I-Alyssum ingafa uma izinga lokushisa liyi -15 ° C, ngakho-ke imbali imbozwe ngamaqabunga amile, umboza wokudla ubekwa ngaphansi kwezihlahla, lapho kuvela iqhwa embozwe ngalo. Ngakho-ke isitshalo sisinda ebusika.
Ukuzalela i-Alissum
Le mbali isatshalaliswa ukusikwa, ukuhlukanisa isihlahla, imbewu, kuyakwazi nokuzicala.
Indlela yokuqala ayithandwa kakhulu, ukusikwa kubekwa imbali endala esitsheni samanzi. Ngemuva kwalokho zigxilile ezitsheni ezinomhlabathi.
Lapho ehlukanisa isihlahla, ayembiwa, ahlukaniswe izingxenye bese atshalwe ibanga elingama-30 cm.
Indlela yembewu kwaxoxwa ngayo ngenhla.
Izifo ze-Alissum nezinambuzane
Imbali ingaba ngaphansi kwezifo zokukhunta, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ihlaselwa nezilokazane.
| Pest noma isifo | Ukuboniswa kwamaqabunga | Amakhambi |
| Ukulimala okufika lapho (ukubola oku-brown) | Izindawo eziningi ezinsundu ezimpunga. | Iphathwa nge-chloride yethusi, i-fungicides - i-Ordan, i-Tanox. |
| Viral kaMose | Ezindaweni ezine-mosaic, amahlumela abuthaka. | Amabhasi athelelekile ayachithwa, inhlabathi ishintshiwe. |
| I-Peronosporosis (Downy isikhutha) | Amabala amancane abomvu, onsomi, noma ansundu. | Baphathwa nge-Oksikhom, Ordan, Bordeaux ketshezi. |
| I-Powdery hlobo | Ukuhlanganiswa okumhlophe kuzo zonke izingxenye zesitshalo. | Futha ngeTopazi. |
| I-Cruciferous flea | Gnawing bugs black nge tint eluhlaza. | Faka isicelo se-Actellik, uviniga empeleni (1 tbsp. L. Kanye namalitha ayi-10 amanzi). |
| I-Mealybug | Izinambuzane ezimhlophe nethala lesitshalo. | Icutshungulwe nguFitoverm, Aktara. |
| I-Belyanka itheniphu | Ukuqhakaza, amahlumela asobala, izinambuzane eziluhlaza okotshani ziyabonakala. | Faka i-entobacterin. |
| Iklabishi Moth | Ukoma, ukukhula kuyayeka. | Kufafazwe ngeLepidocide. |
| Amakhokho | Ukubhubhisa amapuleti eqabunga, amahlumela. | Sebenzisa isisombululo sikagwayi ngensipho, chamomile, Kinmiks. |
