IGladiolus isitshalo sendabuko emahlathini ashisayo ase-Afrika naseMedithera. Lo mmeleli womndeni wakwa-Iris udume kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi ngenxa yezimbali zawo ezingajwayelekile ezikhanyayo. Elinye igama le-gladiolus ngu-fennel.
Imbali inesihlobo esihle, esinephunga elimnandi - i-acidanthera, aziwa kakhulu ngokuthi yi-gladiolus enephunga elimnandi, kepha ingeyomndeni wakwaKatatikov. Kusetshenziselwa ukuzalanisa ne-gladuolus ukuthola izinhlobo ezintsha ezinephunga elimnandi.
Incazelo ye-gladiolus
I-Gladiolus iyi-perennial. I-corm yayo eyindilinga yakhiwa izikali eziningi ezicwebezelayo futhi iyavuselelwa njalo ngonyaka. Kungaba mhlophe, kumnyama, kubomvu noma kubomvu. Iziqu zinobude, ziqonde, azinawo amagqabantshintshi futhi zinomumo obunjiwe njengomcibisholo. Afinyelela ekuphakameni okungaba yi-50-170 cm. Amaqabunga anamaqabunga amancanyana, akhombe ngasekupheleni, akhula ngamasentimitha angama-40-90. Imibala yawo iyahlukahluka kusuka kokuluhlaza okotshani nokuluhlaza okujulile, kuya ngezinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo. Zigcina amandla amahlumela ngokuxhuma ezansi. Ama-inflorescence atholakala womabili ngaphandle kwezizwe noma ezinhlangothini ezimbili, kanye nemiklamo.
Ukwakheka kufana nezindlebe ezilingana no-80 cm.Izimbali zinamafrakshini ayisithupha osayizi abahlukahlukene avale nomunye, ahlukile ngesimo nangomthunzi. Izithelo ziyibhokisi eliqukethe amaqabunga amathathu, elinembewu emincane eyindilinga, emnyama noma nsundu.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-gladioli ngezithombe namagama
Ukukhethwa kwe-skewer kuthuthukiswe kahle, yingakho i-genus Gladiolus ifaka izinhlobo ezingama-280 kanye nezinhlobo ezingaphezulu.
| Buka | Incazelo | Izinhlobo | Izimbali Isiqu sezimbali |
| Izimbali ezinkulu | Isiqu esiqinile esiqinile singama-90-150 cm, siba ngamaqabunga amade, luhlaza okotshani, sinobisi olucwebezelayo. |
| Amasentimitha angama-5 ukuya kwangu-20 ubukhulu, onxantathu, anamaseli ahlukahlukene afinyelela ku-28 ku-inflorescence eyodwa. Kunezinsolo eziphuzi, ezibomvana, ezibomvu, eziphuzi ezinezisekelo ezimhlophe noma ezimpunga. Usayizi omkhulu ongama-90 cm kanye nefomu eliqondile elakhiwe ngesibhakabhaka linomlingiswa. |
| Ibutterfly-ezimise | I-50-100 cm, iziqu eziqinile eziphakathi nobude obuhlaza-grey, kwesinye isikhathi zihlanekezelwa kancane ngaphansi kwesisindo sama-inflorescence. Amaqabunga amakhulu e-xiphoid akhulisiwe ngasekupheleni, aphuzi okuluhlaza okotshani obumhlophe. |
| Sessile enkulu ngombala obukhulu: ophuzi, opinki, onsomi, obomvu, onsomi omhlophe ngokunsomi. Ama-petals a wavy, agobile, umucu. Ipharynx ilula. Cishe ngo-15-20. Ikhungathekile, igqinsiwe phansi. |
| I-Primrose | 70-120 cm ubude, ifomu elihlanganayo nesiqu sokuqina esingesilo. Amaqabunga amancanyana, amincane, aluhlaza ngombala, ambozwe nge-wax yemifino. |
| Imvamisa, ubomvu oqinile, omhlophe, opinki noma onsomi. Kukhona futhi ophuzi okhanyayo (uLeonora). U-4-8 cm, unxantathu noma oyindilinga, amacembe mncane, anemiphetho emincane ye-wavy, kuthi ongaphezulu axutshwe kancani futhi afane ne-hood. Kunemibala engu-18-23. |
| I-Dwarf | Izinhlobo ezincane ezinosayizi (50-80 cm) ezinamaqabunga amakhulu amnyama aluhlaza okotshani. Isiqu sinobukhulu, kunokhahlo oluncane, yi-streovidny. |
| I-Exotic, yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, enamaphara asongwe. Orenji, onsomi, obomvu, ophuzi, opinki nge-Sheen emhlophe futhi wabiza i-pharynx. Iphelele, ihlelwe ngokulandelana. |
Ungatshala nini ama-gladiolus bulbs entwasahlobo, kuya ngesifunda
I-gladiolus itshalwa ngasekupheleni-kwentwasahlobo. Ngokuya ngesifunda, izinsuku zokufika ziyehluka.
| Isifunda | Isikhathi |
| I-Central Russia (iMoscow, isifunda saseMoscow). | Kungcono ukusitshala ngokufika kwesimo sezulu esifudumele ukuze singabandakanyi amathuba ezifo kanye ne-frostbite of corms, okungukuthi, Ephreli 25-Meyi 10. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kungaba idethi yakamuva, uma kunikezwe isimo sezulu sezwekazi, izinga lokushisa kufanele libe ngu- + 9 ... +12 ° C. |
| Umzila ophakathi nendawo, kufaka phakathi isifunda saseLeningrad. | Isimo sezulu sibanda ngokwedlulele, kungenzeka isimo sezulu esibanda ngokungazelele noma ukuna kwezulu okungafuneki, ngakho-ke isikhathi sokufika siguquliwe: Meyi 10-Julayi 1. Akufanele ukushesha, kubalulekile ukuthi ama-corms avele izimpande, nenhlabathi ibe nesikhathi sokufudumala. Uma kwenzeka kuba nesithwathwa, ukuvikeleka kwentuthu kungenzeka kuvikelwe. |
| Isifunda saseSiberia nase-Urals. | Isimo sezulu asingazinzile, isikhathi lapho kungekho mehluko wokushisa obukhali yizinsuku ezingama-90-120 kuphela, okwenza kube nzima ukufika emhlabeni ovulekile. Izinsuku ziyahlukahluka kusuka ngoMeyi 28 kuya kuJulayi 1. Ukuvikela ngokumelene nesimo sezulu esibandayo, i-agrofibre noma ifilimu elikhethekile kufanele libekwe emibhedeni yezimbali. Izitshalo ezikulesi sifunda zivame ukusinda kuze kube unyaka olandelayo. |
| Umzila waseNingizimu. | Ukutshala i-gladioli akunzima ikakhulukazi, ngoba le yindawo enezimo zezulu ezinhle kakhulu. Isikhathi sokudilizwa: Mashi 20-Ephreli 15. Akufanele ulinde ukuqala kokushisa, i-corm kungenzeka ingangeni izimpande futhi ife. |
Ukulungiselela ama-gladiolus bulbs wokutshala
Ukulungiselela kufanele kwenziwe amasonto ama-2-3 ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile.
Okokuqala, kusuka kuma-corms kuyadingeka ukususa ngokucophelela i-husk eyeqile, hlola ngokucophelela ingaphezulu ukuze kungabi khona ukukhula okuolile noma okulimazayo kuyo.
Uma kukhona abavele, badinga ukunqunywa, futhi izindawo zokusikeka kufanele zisatshalaliswe nge-green green noma solution ebuthakathaka futhi zimbozwe ngamalahle ochotshoziwe, isinamoni. Bheka futhi ukulimala noma izilonda ze-pathogenic okufanele zigcotshwe ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-iodine noma oluhlaza okotshani.
Ngaphansi kwamabhuleki, okungukuthi, indawo lapho izimpande zikhula khona, zidinga ukulinganiswa. Okungcono kakhulu kokutshala kubhekwa kungamasentimitha angama-2-4. Ama-corms amasha asuka ngokushesha futhi anomelana nomkhuhlane noma izifo. Asezindala, ezansi yazo ezingaphezulu kuka-4 cm, zivame ukusetshenziselwa izithombo ezikhulayo zokukhiqiza (izingane), kanye nokuvuselela izinto zokutshala.
Ngemuva kokuhlolwa nokukhethwa okugcwele kwama-corms, abekwa endaweni ekhanyayo, abeka i-sawdust eluhlaza ngokufakwa kwe-vermiculite phansi. Ungasebenzisa futhi ibhokisi elijwayelekile, ulithambisa njalo phansi. Susa okungenzeka kokusalungiswa kanye nokushisa ngokweqile. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, amahlumela avela ngemuva kwamasonto angu-1-2.
Kubalulekile ukuthi ama-bulbs wezinhlobo ezibaluleke kakhulu ahlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili, ukuze kukhiqizwe okukhulu. Lokhu kumele kwenziwe ukuze engxenyeni ngayinye engezansi nokuhluma kugcinwe. Ukusikeka kufanele futhi kumbozwe ngamalahle noma uju.
Ihora eli-1 ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile, ama-corms kufanele abekwe kwisisombululo se-potanganum permanganate ene-0.5%. Ngemuva kwalokho vumela ama ukuze womile futhi utshale endaweni leyo.
Ukutshala i-gladioli nokunakekelwa okwalandela
Imibhede yezimbali kufanele ibekwe ohlangothini olunelanga, olunokhanyayo, egqumeni elincane. Indawo yezimbali kumele igutshwe minyaka yonke ukuvikela ukutheleleka ngamagciwane, izifo noma ukuncipha kwephakathi yezakhi. Kuyinto engathandeki futhi ukutshala i-gladioli ngemuva kommbila namakhukhamba, angama-ejenti abangela i-fusarium. Umhlabathi omuhle kakhulu uhlala ngemuva kwamazambane, ama-beet. Umlotha, isihlabathi, i-peat, i-organic organic kanye ne-mineral fertilizer kumele kufakwe ku-substrate.
Kuyafaneleka ukubheka i-acidity yenhlabathi: kumele ingathathi hlangothi.
//www.youtube.com/watch?v=HEvepob6qqs
Udinga ukuqala ulungiselele isiza ukusuka ekugcineni ekwindla: ukhululwe futhi ugaye umhlaba ujule ngo-40 cm, ukhula kuwo ukhula, ukufakwa kwezimpande. Ngakho-ke, inhlabathi izokhululeka futhi idlule kalula umoya-mpilo. Ukufakelwa okwenziwa ngezigaba eziningana:
- Endaweni ekhethiwe, bhala izimbobo ezi-10-15 cm.
- INitrophos ingezwa ngokungaguquki kwama-80 g. kwisikwele esisodwa. m
- Izikhala eziphakathi kwama-corms zishiya cishe u-10-15 cm, inikezwe izitshalo zabantu abadala okudingeka ziboshwe.
- Amabhuleki amiswa kungabi ngaphezu kwe-13-14 cm.Uma ebekwe ngokujulile, i-skewer izonikeza ama-inflorescence amaningi, aphezulu - kuzovela inani elikhulu lezingane.
Kukhona enye indlela yomhlaba: uqweqwe. Ikuvumela ukuthi ugweme ukubopha i-gladioli, imibhede yezimbali iyakhanya futhi iyaqaqamba. Ngale ndlela, izikhawu phakathi kwama-corms ancishiselwa ku-5-8 cm.
Inhlabathi ivundiswa kakhulu ngezinaliti, izinkuni sawdust ne phosphorus, i-nitrogenous noma i-potassium top dress.
Lapho ama-skewing eqala futhi azivumelanisa nezimo ezintsha, kufanele anakekelwe kahle. Ukuchelela akufanele kwenziwe isikhathi esingaphezu kwesingu-1 ngeviki, qiniseka ukuthi amanzi awagxili, uma kungenjalo ukubola kuzoqala, futhi kugwemeke amaconsi awela ezimbali. Khulula inhlabathi njalo futhi ususe ukhula. I-Garter, uma kudingeka, kufanele yenziwe ngaphambi kokuba kukhule ama-peduncle. Ungasebenzisa ukusika okujwayelekile lokhuni.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula kwe-gladiolus yenza ukugqoka okungaphezulu kwe-5 kuphela. Kubandakanya izinto ezehlukene zamaminerali, eziphilayo kanye namakhemikhali.
| Izikhathi Zokusebenza | Umanyolo |
| Okokuqala | Sebenzisa i-organics, okungukuthi i-humus. Ngesikhathi semvula nangesikhathi sokunisela, unikeza ngentshiseko izakhamzimba ku-corm. |
| Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza | Lapho okungenani amaqabunga amathathu enempilo evela, udinga ukwenza umanyolo we-nitrogen. Ukumiliselwa kweNettle nakho kuhle. Ngokuthuthuka okwengeziwe, ungondla ngengxube yendalo yonke yezitshalo zasengadini. Kufanele futhi ufafaze amahlumela ngesixazululo esiqukethe i-boric acid ngesilinganiso se-2 g nge-10 l lamanzi agobhozayo. |
| Izimbali | Ngokuqala kwama-inflorescences, khulisa inani lamanyolo wamaminerali: i-potash ne-phosphorus. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa izinaliti zomlotha, isihlabathi kanye nopayini ukukhulisa umsoco womhlabathi. |
| Ngemuva kwezimbali | Lungiselela isixazululo esingu-15 g we-superphosphate, 30 g we-sulfate no-10 l wamanzi. Banisela i-gladiolus kuze kube sekupheleni kwehlobo. |
| Okokugcina | Hlanganisa i-5 g ye-potanganum permanganate ne-10 l yamanzi. Gcoba nesisombululo esinjalo ekuqaleni kwekwindla, ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa. |
Ukumba nini gladioli
IGladiolus idinga ukumba ngaphambi kwesimo sezulu esibandayo sokuqala. Lokhu kwenzeka kaningi maphakathi nekwindla, kepha isifunda ngasinye sinesikhathi saso.
| Isifunda | Isikhathi |
| ECentral Russia (eMosos, esifundeni saseMoscow) | Ingakhiqizwa ngoSepthemba 15-Okthoba 10, futhi kamuva, uma izimo zesimo sezulu ezikhululekile ziyagcinwa noma ukugeleza kwezimbali kuyaqhubeka. Akunasidingo sokuphazamisa i-fender kuze kube yilapho amazinga okushisa ehla ngaphansi kuka +8 ° C. |
| Umzila ophakathi nendawo, kufaka phakathi isifunda saseLeningrad. | Isimo sezulu lapha asilindelekile ngokwedlulele, ngakho-ke izinsuku ziyashintshelwa kuSepthemba 1-20. |
| Isifunda saseSiberia nase-Urals. | IGladioli kufanele ibiwe ekupheleni kukaSepthemba, ngomhla we-10-15 enyangeni. |
| Umzila waseNingizimu | Njengoba izinga lokushisa lapha lehla kancane futhi lihlala lifudumele ekwindla, ama-corms athathwa enhlabathini ngo-Okthoba 20-Novemba 5. Kodwa-ke, awudingi ukubambezela isikhathi, ngaphandle kwalokho ukubola kuzoqala futhi isitshalo sizokufa. |
Ungayigcina kanjani i-gladioli
Ngemuva kokumba ama-corms abekwe egumbini elifudumele kahle, endaweni yokushisa yasekamelweni + 22 ... +25 ° C. Kufanele zidluliselwe nsuku zonke ukuvikela ukulimala. Amabhuleki akufanele omiswe isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto ama-3, phakathi naleso sikhathi lapho isikali soma khona futhi sithole i-sheen ecwebezelayo. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, ama-tubers athuthelwa endaweni epholile. Efulethini kungaba yisikhala esitezi esiseduze komnyango we-balcony, nasekhonkolweni - esisele noma esela.
Gcina okungcono kumakhadibhodi noma ezitsheni zepulasitiki ezinokuvuleka komoya. Corms zingafakwa izingqimba eziningana, abeke ngamaphephandaba noma iphepha okuvulekile. Izinga lokushisa elihle kakhulu lizoba ngu- + 3 ... + 10 ° ะก, umswakama womoya okungenani wama-70%. Kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlole ama-bulbs njalo futhi ukhiphe abagulayo noma bomile.
Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuthi ekupheleni kobusika, i-gladioli iqala isikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo, okufanele sehliswe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungafaka amaqabunga ama-mint, ama-apula aluhlaza esitsheni.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-gladioli
Kunezindlela eziningi zokuzalela i-skewer, ezaziwa kakhulu kunazo zonke okuyizinto zemifino:
- Usebenzisa ummese obulala amagciwane, hlukanisa umntwana ovuthiwe bese ufafaza indawo esikiwe ngemvuthuluka yamalahle noma isinamoni.
- Omile ama-corms amancane bese uwahlwanyela emhlabathini ovulekile ekuqaleni kukaMeyi.
- Bamba umgodi ongaba ngu-5 cm ujule bese ubeka izingane kuwo.
- Fafaza inhlabathi nge-peat nomlotha, amanzi kakhulu.
- Mboza le ndawo ngentambo yepulasitiki ngaphezulu.
- Ngemuva kwenyanga eyi-1, lapho iziqu zikhula ziye kwifilimu, kufanele zisuswe.
Enye indlela ukwehlukanisa ama.
- Khetha i-corm efanelekayo enesisekelo esikhulu nenani elincane le-tuber.
- Sika ngokuthe nkqo ngommese onamagciwane kulezi zingxenye ezi-2 ezilinganayo.
- Misa ama-lobes ngokuwafaka amahora amaningi endaweni ekhanyiswe kahle.
- Phatha isilayidi ngesixazululo samalahle noma se-potassium permanganate.
- Tshala i-corm ephumela obala emhlabathini ovulekile.
Indlela yembewu yokuzala ayidumile kangako, kepha iyathakazelisa. Kuyenzeka kuphela ezimweni ezintofontofo.
- Ukuqala, kufanele ulungiselele i-substrate enesihlabathi neqabunga le-humus, ungangeza futhi i-peat nezinaliti (ngamanani alinganayo).
- Ngaphambi kokutshala, imbewu kufanele ibekwe kwisisombululo se-0,01% se-sodium humate noma i-heteroauxin.
- Tshala imbewu esitsheni enezimbobo zokudonsa amanzi ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari.
- Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esifudumele, amabhodwe abekwa ezimweni zokugcina ukushisa ngokushisa okuphezulu okuphezulu nokukhanya okukhanyayo kuze kube sekuvuthwe ngokuphelele.
Izindlela zokulwa nezifo nezinambuzane ze-gladioli
| Lesi sifo | Ukuboniswa emaqabungeni kanye nezinye izimpawu | Izindlela zokulungisa |
| Isifo seFusarium | Phenduka ophuzi, embozwe ngenhlanganisela emhlophe. | Uma lesi sifo senzeka phakathi nesikhathi sokukhula, isitshalo akunakwenzeka ukuthi sisinde, ngakho-ke kufanele sisuswe kanye nenhlabathi ezungezile. Ukuze ubeke eceleni ukwenzeka, phatha ama ngaphambi kokutshala ngesixazululo se-manganese. |
| I-Sclerotinia | Buna, yomile ezansi, isigaxa sesiqu. | Bambe ngokuthinta i-gladioli ngokushesha ukuvimbela ukusakazeka. Uma lesi sifo sisanda kuqala, phatha imbali ngesisombululo se-fungicides: i-Ordan, Hom, Previkur. |
| Isikali | Amamaki amnyama kuma-corms nakuzo zonke izingxenye ze-skewer. | Khulisa acidity yenhlabathi bese ususa izimbali ezithelelekile. |
| Ukutheleleka ngegciwane | Isiqu singase simbozwe ngemigqa nsundu. Amachashazi amnyama ayavela ngaphandle. | Akunakwenzeka ukwelapha ngokuphelele. Kufanele ususe isitshalo esinegciwane ukuze ungasabalalisi isifo. |
| Isihlangu. | Amahlumela ayaphela. Kuminyiwe. | Sebenzisa i-Permethrin, i-Bi 58, i-Phosphamide, i-Methyl mercaptophos noma isixazululo sensipho. |
| Ama-aphid. | Izinambuzane ezincane eziluhlaza ebusweni, isiqu. UPhilodendron uyafa. | I-tincture yejusi kalamula, i-Intavir, i-Actofit. |
| Isikhala sesicabucabu. | Isicabucabu esincanyana esimhlophe simboza isiqu namaqabunga. | Amanzi njalo, faka i-Neoron, Omayt, Fitoverm ngokuya ngemiyalo. |
| Ama-Thrips. | Imivimbo emhlophe emincane iyavela. Isitshalo siyakhula. | Sebenzisa i-Fitoverm, inqubo ne-Actara, Mospilan, Actellik noma iCalypso. |
