Inketho enhle yokufika ekhotheni ehlobo yi-arugula (i-arugula yangaphambili). Lesi sitshalo safika eRussia sivela emazweni aseMedithera. Kwakusetshenziswa ukulinganiswa nokhula. Kepha kancane kancane, abathandi bakwazisa ukunambitheka kwakhe. Kwaqala ukuvela kaningi ekhishini lwamakilasi anelungelo.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi lalisakhula endaweni yoMbuso WaseRoma. Kula mazwe, wayethathwa njenge-aphrodisiac. Kuze kube yi-90s, i-arugula yasendle yayivunwa ikakhulukazi. Kepha ngemuva kokuyihlolisisa kahle ngezimo zelebhu, lesi sitshalo satshalwa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, yaqala ukusetshenziswa eRussia.
Incazelo ye-Arugula
I-Arugula (i-arugula, i-indau) iyisitshalo se-herbaceous. Isiqu sifinyelela ku-40 cm. Sihlwanyelwe, sehliswa kancane. Onke amaqabunga anamanzi, ahlakazekile - anwele, kwesinye isikhathi iziqu zesiko azinalutho ngokuphelele. Izimbali zinephunga lesici. Zinemiphetho emise kakhulu. Ama-inflorescence aqoqwe ngebhulashi. Izimbali zinombala onsundu - futhi kwesinye isikhathi zikhanya - amathambo aphuzi anombala onsomi.
Ama-petals afinyelela ku-cm angama-22. Ngesinye isikhathi amaqabunga lawo anokukhanya okuncane.
Izinhlobo ezifanele kakhulu ze-rucola zokukhula
I-Arugula isihlobo seklabishi. Imenyu isebenzisa amaqabunga alesi siko. Banokunambitheka okucolile kakhulu. Banambitha njenge-nati ngomunyu okhanyayo. Kepha inzuzo eyinhloko yesihlahla ukwakheka kwayo kwe-Vitamin kanye ne-mineral. I-Vitamin C idlalwa kakhulu kulamasiko.Aqukethe amaqabunga ne-Vitamin B, ama-flavonoid nama-phytosterols aqukethe emaphepheni. I-Arugula icebile ngezinto ezincane nama-macro. Izinhlobo zakhe ziningi kakhulu.
Ukukhetha izinhlobonhlobo ezifanele, udinga ukubheka izici zesitshalo ngasinye ngawodwana.
Imicibisholo yeC Cupid ifana kakhulu nama-dandelions. Imbewu inika isivuno esizinzile. Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, kwakhiwa ama-inflorescence of a light hue aphuzi. Lezi ziqongo zincanyana ngosayizi. Isihlahla singadlula ukuphakama okungama-30 cm.
Ubukhulu bamaqabunga ezinhlobonhlobo zeDikovinka bufika kuma-cm angama-20. Isiqu sesiko liqonde impela ngomphetho omncane. Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, kuvela izimbali ezincane ezinsundu kuso. Kulokhu okuhlukahlukene, ukunambitheka kwamaqabunga kuyinto imnandi kancane.
Amacembe amakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo zePoker. Isihlahla sikhulu impela. Kwik rosette elilodwa elinamahlamvu aluhlaza zingaba yizicucu ezifika ku-26. Inambitha kancane imunca ngomunyu omncane.
Ukuthanda okumangalisa kakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo ezibizwa nge-Olivetta. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kufinyelela ku-20 cm. Amaqabunga esesimweni sawo afana ne-lyre, kuya phezulu azungezwe kancane. Inzuzo enkulu yesitshalo isivuno esiphezulu. Ihanjiswa kalula ngamabanga amade.
Ukukhula kwe-arugula enkundleni evulekile
I-Arugula itshalwe enhlabathini evulekile. Ungakhula kanjani ngumbuzo olula. Uyazithoba impela. Ikhula futhi ikhule ngokushesha. Ngokwenyanga ngenyanga kuba yilungele ukudliwa. Ngenxa yalokhu kwaziswa, isitshalo sihlwanyelwa kaningana ngonyaka. Isikhathi sokuqala i-arugula ihlwanyelwa ngo-Ephreli. Kulesi sigaba, udinga ukwazi ngokweqiniso ukuthi inhlabathi isivele ifudumele ifinyelela ku-10 ° C. Isitshalo sithanda imfudumalo, izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi libaluleke kakhulu.
Abalimi abaningi bakhetha ukutshala i-arugula ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo. Ngemuva kokuhlwanyela imbewu, amahlumela wokuqala avela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-5-6.
Kwesinye isikhathi, amahlumela adluliselwa kwenye indawo. Lapho udlulisa isitshalo, kudingeka uqiniseke ukuthi uhlelo lwaso lwezimpande luhlala luqinile. Ngokusho kwale nqubo, kungcono ukukhetha izingcezu zomhlaba lapho ufaka. Ngenqubo yokufakelwa enhlabathini evulekile, kungcono ukugoqa izihlahla. Ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla kufanele libe ngu-10 cm. Uma isiko lizizwa likhululekile, khona-ke lizokunambitha okuhle kakhulu.
Izinsuku zokufika kwe-Arugula
Isikhathi esisuka ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli kuya maphakathi no-Agasti silungele ukukhula. Njengoba i-rucola ingakubekezeleli ukubanda, udinga ukubhekisisa isimo sezulu esishintshekayo. Akufanele kube nomehluko obalulekile wokushisa ngenyanga yokutshala.
Amafriji wesikhathi esifushane akufanele athathelwe indawo ukukhuphuka okubukhali kokushisa komoya. Isibonelo, amazinga okushisa aqandayo angafinyelela - 7 ° C.
Imvamisa, amakhefu phakathi kokuhlwanyela angaba ngamaviki ama-2. I-Arugula ilungile komakhelwane bayo. Ukuze ikhule ngokuvumelanayo, idinga ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela. Ilanga liyasithanda isitshalo. Akunakwenzeka ukuyiveza kakhulu esithunzini sezinye izitshalo. Kepha futhi ngaphansi kokuchayeka njalo elangeni.
Ilungiselela izinto zokutshala
Ukutshala imbewu kufanele kuthengwe ezitolo ezikhethekile. Lapho uthenga imbewu esandleni, kufanele iqale ikhishwe magciwane izidalwa eziphilayo. Kuhlala kunobungozi bokutheleleka ngaphandle. Cishe zingama-350 izinhlamvu zembewu zitholakala ku-1 g yembewu ye-Indau. Ukutshala imbewu kumele kuncishiswe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukulungiselela isixazululo esibuthakathaka se-manganese bese wehlisa imbewu kuyo cishe ikota yehora. Ngemuva kwalokho, zidinga ukugezwa ngaphansi kwamanzi agobhozayo. Imbewu kumele idluliselwe kuthawula elihlanzekile futhi ivunyelwe ukuthi yomile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imbewu akudingi ukuthi icutshungulwe. Le mbewu imila kahle. Kubalulekile ukugcina imithetho yesitoreji yembewu.
Abandulele okuhle nokubi nabomakhelwane
Ekusebenziseni, imibhede ene-arugula ibiyela izitshalo ezinde ezivela elangeni. Lokhu kungaba ngamabele, ubhontshisi, pods okugoqeka kuwo esibhakabhakeni ngezinduku ezikhethekile. Ezindaweni ezivulekile, i-arugula iqala ukuncipha ngokushesha okukhulu. Ama-pods avela ngokushesha emzimbeni wakhe. Amacembe amaqabunga amaqabunga nawo akhiwa ngokushesha. Umthunzi wabo obabayo ubhekiswe ezinhlotsheni zonke. Kubalulekile ukulandelela lokho obekutshalwe phambilini endaweni lapho kwaqalwa khona leli siko namuhla. Kungcono uma uphizi noma ezinye izitshalo zomndeni we-legume zikhule kule ndawo. Abanduleli abahle kakhulu bangabhekwa njengezaqathi, utamatisi, amazambane, ithanga.
Kepha kufanele kwaziwe ukuthi ngemuva kwe-arugula, izitshalo ezibethelwa ngeke zikwazi ukutshala iminyaka engama-3-5. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izimuncagazi zihlala emhlabathini okuthikameza ukukhula kwezilimo ezinjalo.
Ukulungiselela inhlabathi yokutshala i-arugula
Kubalulekile ukunakekela inhlabathi lapho ihlumela likhula khona. Indawo kufanele ikhanyiswe ngokulinganisa. I-acidity yenhlabathi kumele ibe buthakathaka noma ingathathi hlangothi ngokuphelele. Kuyamukeleka futhi ukuthi i-pH yaphakathi i-alkaline kancane.
Kuyisici ukuthi elangeni amaqabunga e-arugula aba lukhuni kancane futhi abe mnambitheka ngokunambitheka. Emthunzini, amaqabunga alesi sitshalo alahlekelwa umbala wawo, aphunga.
Inhlabathi yokutshala kumele ilungiselelwe ngokucophelela. Kudinga ukukhululwa futhi kudalulwe. Kulezo zimo lapho i-acidity yenhlabathi iphezulu kakhulu, bese uyilinganisela. Ngasikhathi sinye, kufakwa imbobo enhlabathini ecolekile enhlabathini. Njengokungena esikhundleni se-chaki, i-dolomite noma ufulawa we lime ungasetshenziswa. Ukuqoqwa kwefulawa engezwa emhlabathini kuncike ekutheni inhlabathi ixhaswe ngokuqinile kangakanani.
Ukutshala i-arugula yangaphandle
Imbewu icwiliswa kwizimbobo ezi-2 cm.Ibanga eliphakathi kwazo lifinyelela ku-5 cm. Ibanga phakathi kwemigqa eseduze lifinyelela ku-30 cm. Imbobo ngayinye kufanele okungenani ibe nezinhlamvu ezingama-2-3. Lezi zinhlamvu zimila ngokufana ngokungaguquguquki.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-7, njengoba kuvela amahlumela okuqala anempilo, umthombo ngamunye uhlelwe. Kufanele kuhlale kube ne-10 cm phakathi kwezilimo ngazinye.
Ngemuva kokunakekelwa kokufika
I-Arugula iyazithoba. Ngemuva kokuhlala phansi, akudingi ukunakekelwa okungathi sína. Into esemqoka ukukhulula umphezulu ngesikhathi, uwugqoke ngesikhathi bese uwuthulula ngenani elilinganayo loketshezi. Izinga lokushisa lesithombo elamukelwa kakhulu ngu- + 5 ... +12 ° С. Ukukhula kahle nentuthuko, kuzinga lokushisa ngaphakathi + 18 ... + 24 ° С kuyadingeka. Isitshalo akufanele sidinge amanzi. Lapho inhlabathi isomile kakhulu, amaqabunga e-rucolla ayoma futhi athole ukunambitheka okubabayo. Kungcono ukwenza ukuchelela ekuseni nakusihlwa. Uma umnotho umkhulu, bese ufaka i-hose ekha amanzi.
Abanye abalimi bathi lesi sitshalo asidingi ukondliwa. Lokhu kungenxa yombono wokuthi uhlelo lwempande lwe-arugula lunganqwabelana izinto ezinobungozi njengama-nitrate noma ama-nitrites. Kungcono ukufaka umanyolo nge-arugula ngezinkukhu noma nge-mullein. Kepha kungcono ukufafaza izinto ezilusizo enhlabathini esele ekwindla. Mhlawumbe kuzoba i-peat noma i-humus. Ngaphandle kokondla okhethekile, i-arugula izokhula kabi. Ukuvunwa kuqala lapho amaqabunga awo esefinyelele kulezo zinkomba zamametric ezikhonjiswe esikhwameni sembewu. Kuyimpawu ukuthi isikhathi kusuka ekushwabeni kwesitshalo kuya ekutheneni kwaso sithatha izinsuku ezingama-25. Kwesinye isikhathi bangasisika sonke isitshalo ngasikhathi sinye.
Izinambuzane nezifo
Lesi sitshalo esimnandi saseMedithera sinezinambuzane ezimbalwa. Isinambuzane esijwayelekile kakhulu singabhekwa njengendiza ebethelwayo. Le flea kulula ukuyithola emaqabungeni esitshalo. Ukuvikela isitshalo, abalimi basebenzisa i-lutrasil. Ngesikhathi sokulashwa, abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukufafaza izihlahla ngomlotha wokhuni. Yena, vele, ngeke abesabise ama-midges, kepha imibhede ivundiswe kahle kakhulu.
Imvamisa ukutheleleka kwemvelaphi yesikhunta kwenzeka emashidini. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inhlabathi engaphansi kwezihlahla ihlala imanzi. Lapho zithinta uhlelo lwezimpande, lesi sitshalo sikhula sibi. Abalimi abanolwazi bancomela ukususa ama-bush alolu hlobo ngokushesha ukuze kugwenywe ukutheleleka komakhelwane. Abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukuthi kususwe ngokushesha izihlahla zalolu hlobo ukuze kugwenywe ukutheleleka kwezihlahla ezingomakhelwane. Kungcono ukugcina amaqabunga avuthiwe endaweni epholile. Musa ukudalula ukuqondisa ukukhanya kwelanga, ngoba kungaba kubi kakhulu.
Ungangeza ezitsheni zenyama njenge-flavour, futhi ukhonze nesaladi. Isitshalo sihlangana kahle namafutha omnqumo. Izingcezu ushizi noma utamatisi nazo zizokwengezwa kahle isaladi. Uhlala abukeka emafashini, etafuleni lokudlela ejwayelekile nasezitsheni zemikhosi. Kuyaziwa ukuthi eCaucasus badla iziqu zalesi sitshalo. Kuhamba kahle kakhulu ngesizini. Impela kuzokhanga zonke izivakashi.
