Entwasahlobo sekwephuzile, kumaConifers, kuvame kakhulu kuma-spruces kanye namaphayini, ungaphawula okunye ukuphambuka ekukhuleni kwabo okuvamile kanye nentuthuko: i-yellowing kanye nokusonteka kwezinaliti, isembozo esimhlophe sama-buds kanye namahlumela emagatsheni. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi izinambuzane, umhlambi, sekuvelile ezitshalweni ezinotshani, nezitshalo zisengozini enkulu.
Yini ama-hermes
AmaHermes mancane kakhulu, awekho ngaphezu kwezinambuzane ezi-2 mm, ezibizwa nangokuthi ama-aphid e-coniferous. Ngaphandle, zibukeka njengezimbungulu. Zinezimpondo eziphakeme zohlaza okotshani, onsundu noma omnyama, futhi emakhanda azo zinezimpondo ezincane. Lezi zinambuzane zidla ujusi ogqamile ngezinaliti kanye namahlumela amancane, kanti i-fluff emhlophe emagatsheni isebenza njengendawo yokukhosela ethembekile ekhuthaza ukusakazwa kwezibungu.
Ehlobo, izihlahla ze-coniferous ezifakwe yi-hermes zimbozwa ngama-galls - ukukhula okungenampilo okufana nesigaxa se-spruce, okusebenza njengokuvikela, ukukhulisa nokuzala izibungu kuzo.
Izimpawu zesisu nezinhlobo eziphambili zezinambuzane
IHermes akulona uhlobo olulodwa lwesinambuzane esilimazayo, kodwa iqembu lonke. Ukuphela kwento ebahlanganisa ukuthi bangamalunga we-isoptera nedili kuma-conifers.
Izinambuzane ziyafuduka, okungukuthi, zikhula ezitshalweni ezimbili zohlobo oluhlukile, futhi azifuduki, zikhetha uhlobo olulodwa futhi ziphile kuso.
Olunye uphawu lapho izinambuzane zingahlukaniswa khona ngumjikelezo wokuthuthuka. Ezinye izinhlobo zikhula ngonyaka owodwa, futhi kukhona lezo ezidinga iminyaka emi-2.
Isibonelo:
- I-Yellow Hermes. Kukhula ngesizini eyodwa. Izinsikazi zidla ujusi wezinaliti, lapho zibeka amaqanda, zakha inyongo enkulu, kwesinye isikhathi ifinyelela ku-20 cm.
- I-Spruce larch hermes ebomvu. Abantu bansundu noma bansundu. Kuwuhlobo olufudukayo lwe-coniferous parasite ehlala nge-spruce nephayini. Isikhathi sentuthuko - iminyaka emi-2.
- I-Spruce larch hermes eluhlaza. Abantu bodwa izithunzi eziluhlaza eziluhlaza. Khula ngesizini eyodwa. Insikazi ye-hermes eluhlaza yenza ama-galls, lapho izibungu zikhula khona. Ehlobo baphendukela kubantu abanamaphiko futhi bandize bayohlala futhi bazalele ama-larch. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo nazo zihamba.
- I-Hermes weymouth pine. Uhlobo olungenakufuduka olukhula ngaphezu konyaka owodwa noma emibili.
- I-subcortical spruce hermes. Lezi zinambuzane ziphila nge-spruce kuphela futhi azihambi. Azinamaphiko, zihlala ikakhulu emagatsheni egatsha nasesiqwini sesihlahla futhi azakhi galls
Izinsikazi ezingavundile emzimbeni zine-fluff emhlophe efana nebhola likotini, kepha ezithela izithelo azinjalo. Izihlobo ze-hermes yiziphid, ama-whiteflies, izibungu kanye nezinambuzane zesikali.
Naphezu kobukhulu bezilokazane, izimpawu zesifo sesihlahla ezivela empilweni yazo ziyabonakala ngamehlo.
Ngemuva kokutheleleka, izihlahla ze-spruce ziphenduka ziphuzi futhi zisonteke, futhi lapho kukhona izibungu eziningi kakhulu kanye nabantu abadala, izinaliti ziqala ukubhoboka kanye nefomu lama-galls. Ku-pine, umqhele uthatha izinambuzane, kwesinye isikhathi ukuhamba kwe-resin nesihlahla kungafa.
IHermes kaphayini, umsedari
Isibonakaliso esiyinhloko sokutheleleka kukaphayini womsedari nge-hermes ukuba khona kwe-fluff emhlophe kulesi sitshalo. Amahlumela, amahlumela ngaphansi kwenaliti ambozwe izigaxa ezimhlophe, futhi ngesibalo esikhulu senkathazo, ngisho nesiqu somuthi. Kula ma-fluffs ungaqonda kalula ukuthi isihlahla singenwe yisifo isikhathi eside.
I-fluff yakudala igcotshwe ngokuqinile esihlahleni, kunzima ukusisusa, futhi izigaxa ezintsha ezimhlophe zisuswa kalula. Uma uzihlikihla ezandleni zakho, ungathola amabala ansundu esikhunjeni - lezi yizibungu ezichotshoziwe ezifihla futhi zivikele ngosizo lwegobolondo elithambile elimhlophe.
Ukulimazeka komsedari ngemuva kokulimala kwe-hermes kungaholela ekomeni nasekufeni. Izinaliti zijika kancane ziphuzi, zigobeke futhi zidilike. Amahlumela aba mancane futhi aqhakaze njalo ngonyaka. Ngokuvela kwesihlahla, ungabona ukuthi uzokufa na.
Imisedari, ekhula emhlabathini omuhle, ingamelana nalesi sifo isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi ingalapheka ngokuphelele eminyakeni embalwa, ngenkathi izihlahla ezikhula ezindaweni eziphansi, inhlabathi enomswakama kakhulu kanye nesimo sezulu esingesihle zivame ukufa ngoba azinawo amandla anele okubhekana nalesi sifo.
IHermes ku-fir ne-larch
Izimpawu eziyinhloko zomonakalo wefir kanye ne-larchry ngokububula kobuhle bokubukeka. Okokuqala, umqhele uvuthwa ngefir, izinaliti ziba bomvu, zikhala, zomile futhi zibe nokubukeka okungathandeki. Izihlahla ziqala ukulimala ezivela emagatsheni aphansi.
Futhi, lapho uhlolwa ngokucophelela, ungabona ukumboza okungeyimpilo okunsundu emalangeni wefir nasezimpondweni ezindala, kulapho kuqala ukuhlalwa khona amagciwane.
Ngokungafani nomsedari, ku-fir kunzima kakhulu ukuqaphela izimpawu zalesi sifo, ngoba asimboziwe nge-fluff, futhi kuphuzi kwamagatsha kungabangelwa ezinye izifo. Kulokhu, udinga ukukhetha ukwelashwa ngokucophelela, ngoba iphutha lingenza isimo sibe sibi kakhulu.
Ngokuqondene ne-larch, singasho ukuthi kugula kancane. Izinaliti kulokhu kuzalaniswa zivuselelwa njalo ngonyaka, ngakho-ke izinambuzane azihlali zivame kakhulu. Kepha kunzima ukuthola zona, ngoba i-larch ayiphuzi, kepha ihlala iluhlaza ehlobo. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, uma ikhula eduze namanye ama-conifers, kufanele ihlolwe futhi ngezinambuzane, futhi uma kugula, iphathwa kanye namanye amasiko.
UHermes eSpruce
Isibonakaliso esiyinhloko sesifo se-spruce ukwakheka kwamahlumela ezikhula ezinamandla okubizwa ngokuthi ama-galls. Kubukeka njengesigaxa se-fir futhi kuyisiphephelo ekwakheni izibungu. Lapho insikazi endala ibekela amaqanda, kukhiqizwa amakhemikhali ezikhuthaza ukwanda kwezicubu - ngale ndlela inyongo ivela.
Ngemuva kokuthi izibungu ziwushiye ama-galls, lezi zikhula zihlala zingenalutho isikhathi eside emthini bese zomile kancane.
Izindlela zokuvimbela nokulawula i-hermes
Ukuvimbela ukwenzeka kwezinambuzane ezitshalweni ezincane ezikhathini zokuqala noma lapho kutshalwa, imithetho elandelayo yokuvikela kufanele ibhekwe:
- Lapho uthenga i-seedling, kuyadingeka ukuthi uyihlole ngokucophelela izinambuzane ezincane. Kungcono ukugwema ukuthola izihlahla ezinegciwane. Uma usathola ama-hermes kwisithombo ngemuva kokuthenga, nakanjani kufanele uwaqede ngaphambi kokutshala enhlabathini, uwahlanze kusuka ezinambuzaneni futhi ususe ama-galls.
- Akunconyelwe ukutshala isithombo enhlabathini emanzi kakhulu, ezindaweni ezinomoya ezinamanzi futhi elula kakhulu, futhi futhi eduze nasendleleni lapho inhlabathi ihlangene khona kakhulu
- Kuyadingeka ukutshala izitshalo enhlabathini evulekile ngokufakwa kwezinaliti eziwile noma i-peat (zisebenza njengomanyolo omuhle kakhulu)
- Ngemuva kokutshala, udinga ukondla umuthi ngamalungiselelo akhethekile aqinisa uhlelo lwezimpande (Radifarm, Kornevin)
- Qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa umuthi ukugcina ukungatheleleki okungenani kathathu emva kokutshala isithombo (isikhathi esinconyiwe phakathi kokwelashwa singamaviki ama-2-3)
- Kuyasiza kakhulu ukumboza inhlabathi ezungeze isiqu ngegxolo likaphayini. Ubukhulu ungqimba mulching - okungcono
- Kubalulekile ukwelapha isiqu kanye nomqhele wesihlahla osemusha ngamalungiselelo akhethekile - amavithamini amaConifers. Kungaba yiNaliti Reak noma iJoofert
Ukuvikela abantu abadala, izihlahla ezikhulayo, kunezindlela zokulawula izinambuzane futhi kudingeka zikhiqizwe entwasahlobo (kodwa kungakashayi uJuni), kuze kube yilapho izibungu sezikhulile futhi zashiya izindawo zazo zokuhlala:
- Uma ama-galls etholakala ezihlahleni ze-spruce, kuyadingeka ukuwasika futhi ukuwashise kanye namahlumela owonakele
- Hlanza isiqu nezinaliti ngomfutho onamandla wamanzi ukuze ususe izinambuzane. Inqubo kumele yenziwe kaninginingi.
- Ukuze ucubungule isihlahla sefirosi nesixazululo ngamafutha amaminerali (ukuhlukanisa ngokulingana 200 300 ml ku-10 l wamanzi, kanye nokufafaza isihlahla).
Kunezikhathi lapho zonke lezi zindlela zingalethi umphumela oyifunayo.
Ngemuva kwalokho kufanele uphendukele kumakhemikhali anamandla, ngokuqinisekile azosiza ukuqeda inkathazo ecasulayo. Lokhu kungaba yi-Commander, Mospilan, Prestige, Kaisari, njll. Kuyadingeka ukuzalanisa nokusebenzisa izidakamizwa ngokwemiyalo yomenzi. Imvamisa yokwelashwa incike kubungako bomonakalo esitshalweni.
Kunconywa ukusebenzisa ezinye izidakamizwa ezahlukene ukuze usebenze kahle.
Lokhu ngeke kusilimaze isitshalo, futhi ama-hermes cishe ayoyeka ukuphazamisa isihlahla isikhathi esithile.
Ukukhula kweConifera ezindaweni kuzoletha ukwaneliseka kobuhle kanye nokuzizwa njalo konyaka omusha, uma unakekela izihlahla futhi wenza izindlela zokuzivikela ngesikhathi.
