Ukuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile kwanoma yikuphi ezolimo kuxhomeke emgangathweni wenhlabathi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izakhiwo zenhlabathi ziwohloka - amanzi kanye nomoya ukuphelela kwehla, kuyacindezela, kunzima. Umsuka awutholi umoya okwanele namanzi. Izakhi zomzimba, ukuzala kuyancipha.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-overmoistening yomhlaba ivame ukuvela; lapho ifaka umanyolo ngamaminerali omquba, okunye okungaphezulu kwalokhu noma lokho kungase kwenzeke. Noma kunjalo, izitshalo ziqala ukulimaza, zilahlekelwe izimfanelo zazo futhi zife. Uma sikhuluma ngezitshalo zasendlini, khona-ke isitshalo singasindiswa ngokukufaka emhlabathini omusha; uma kunesihlabathi esingaphenduki, le ndlela ayifanelekile.
Isixazululo esifanele kulezi zinkinga ze-agrotechnology kuyoba ukuthola indlela yokushintsha isakhiwo somhlabathi, ukuthuthukisa imingcele yayo. I-vermiculite yamaminerali yemvelo ingashintsha kakhulu i-microclimate ukuze ibe ngcono, hhayi nje kuphela ohlelweni lwempande, kodwa futhi nesitshalo lonke.
Uyazi? Ukutholakala kwale mineral yemvelo emangalisayo kwenzeka ngo-1824 eMassachusetts (Webb T. H.), kodwa kwabonakala kungabonakali. Ukubaluleka kokuqukethwe okutholakala nokuqaphela ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani, kwabonakala kuphela ngama-70s ekhulwini lama-20, ngemuva kokucwaninga kwekhulu leminyaka nge-vermiculite. Izindleko zayo ezinkulu kunazo zonke zikhona eRiphabhliki yaseNingizimu Afrika, eRussia (insimu yaseKovdorsky), eU.SA (Montana), e-Ukraine, e-Kazakhstan, e-Uzbekistan, e-Australia, e-India, e-Republic of South Africa nase-Uganda.
Iyini i-vermiculite ne-agrovermiculite
Ukuqonda uhlobo lento, udinga ukwazi ukuthi i-vermiculite iyini. Vermiculite - amaminerali agcwele umbala wombala obomvu wegolide, angokwamaqembu e-hydromicas. Yakhiwe njengomphumela we-hydrolysis ne-weathering ye-mica emnyama. Ezindaweni zomsebenzi wokukhuphuka kwentaba, ukufudumala kwe-mica ku-900-1000 degrees Celsius kwaholela ekuqhumeni kwamanzi okubopha phakathi kwamatshe kanye nokuphela kwamanzi.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amaminerali aguquliwe:
- okwandisiwe ngosayizi ngezikhathi ezingu-6-15 (ama-vapa amanzi anwetshiwe amapulethi we-mica, nezintambo ezinjenge-worm kanye namakholomu afana nezimpungushe ezincane ezivela kubo. Lapha yilapho igama lesayensi lezimayini "i-vermiculus" (livela ngesiLatini. "worm" ");
- yaphenduka into evulekile, evulekile (ekwazi ukugeleza emanzini) ngesakhiwo se-scaly, ephuzi negolide, i-vermiculite evuvukile;
- wathola ikhono lokubamba i-ion zensimbi kanye nokukwazi ukuthatha amanzi (ikakhulukazi ku-molecule ye-aluminosilicate ngaphambi kokushisa okulandelayo, amanzi amaningi adluliselwa kalula).
Ama-placers anjalo atholakala okokuqala ekhulwini le-XIX. Namuhla, i-vermiculite ekhishwe ihlelwa ezitshalweni zokucubungula, ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenyana futhi ifuthe, ithole i-vermiculite.
Kubalulekile! I-Vermiculite, kuye ngobukhulu bezingxenyana, ingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu - imikhiqizo. Kunamaqembu angu-6 ephelele: owokuqala ngu-0 noma i-Super Micron (kufika ku-0.5 mm), owesibili ngu-0.5 noma i-Micron (0.5 mm), okwesithathu yi-Super fine (1 mm), owesine ngu-Fine (2 mm) eyesihlanu yiMedium (4 mm) kanti yesithupha ibanzi (8 mm). Yonke le mikhiqizo isetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa, izindiza kanye nemoto, imboni elula, amandla, njll. Emkhakheni wezolimo, ingxenye yesithathu, yesine neyesihlanu isetshenziswa kakhulu.Umbuzo othi "I-Agrovermiculitis - iyini futhi iyini ukusetshenziswa kwayo?" ngokuvamile kwenzeka kubalimi (kumaphakheji, njengombuso, uthi "i-vermiculite enwetshiwe" noma "i-Vermiculite"). I-vermiculite eyandisiwe yezitshalo ithola igama le-agrovermiculite (GOST 12865-67).
Uyazi? Kwelinye izwe, i-vermiculite ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "isivuno semayini" (i-USA, eNgilandi), "amaminerali okwelapha" (eJapane). Ubuchwepheshe bamuva kwezolimo eJalimane, eFrance, kwa-Israyeli kakhulu zisebenzisa i-vermiculite, efuna ukugeleza okuqhubekayo kwezinto zokusetshenziswa. Ukuze kuvezwe "imikhiqizo ehlanzekile" kusuka endaweni yokubuka indawo, amathani angaphezu kuka-20 000 we-vermiculite angeniswa emazweni aseNtshonalanga Yurophu ngonyaka, futhi amathani angaphezu kuka-10 000 angeniswe eJapane.
Ukwakhiwa kanye nezakhiwo ze-vermiculite
I-Vermiculite inomshini wamakhemikhali eduze kwe-micas emnyama, iqukethe amanzi e-zeolitic, kanye nama-oxide we-potassium, i-magnesium, i-lithium, i-iron, i-chromium, i-manganese, i-aluminium, njll. Ngemuva kokudubula, amakhemikhali akashintshi.
Izakhiwo:
- unesimo sokushisa okuphezulu nokukhishwa kwemisindo;
- inokumelana nokushisa okukhulu;
- ukuhambisana nemvelo;
- ukugcina;
- unemfanelo ekhethekile yokukhangisa (coefficient amanzi absorption - 400-700%);
- non-toxic;
- ayikubola futhi ayiboli;
- ayiphenduli nge-acids nama-alkali;
- akukho iphunga;
- ivikela isikhunta;
- ukukhanya okulula (ngemuva kokumisa kunweba isisindo izikhathi ezine noma ngaphezulu).
Indlela yokusebenzisa i-vermiculite
I-Vermiculite isetshenziselwa kakhulu ekukhuleni kwezitshalo. Ngokuvamile kuvame ukusetshenziswa:
- ukuthuthukiswa komhlabathi;
- imbewu yokuhluma;
- izithombo ezikhulayo;
- ukunciphisa izithelo;
- i-mulching;
- amanzi, njll.
Kubalulekile! I-Vermiculite cishe ingunaphakade futhi ayikho impilo yokugcina indawo - konke kuxhomeke ekutheni isakhiwo sayo esibucayi silondolozwa kanjani. Ukukhanya nokugqama kwamaminerali kuholela ekwakheni uthuli ngesikhathi sokupakisha nokuhamba. Ukusebenza nge-vermiculite enkulu, kudingeka usebenzise amabhandeki angama-gauze. Ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise i-vermiculite okokuqala, kufanele ihlanjululwe (hlamba udoti olungadingeki bese ubopha uthuli lwamafutha). Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa kabusha i-vermiculite kungcono ukushayela (gazinga).
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-vermiculite ku-floriculture yangaphakathi
In-flower flower vermiculite isetshenziselwa ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi, okufanele kakhulu uhlobo oluthile lwezimbali. Ukuze uthole izimbali ezincane (noma ngaphansi kokuthuthukiswa) uhlelo lwempande, igama elithi "Fine" lisetshenzisiwe.
Uma izimpande zithuthukisiwe ngokwanele, kuphakanyiswa ukusebenzisa ingxube yezimpawu "Fine" ne "Medium" (ngamasheya alinganayo). Ngezitshalo ezinkulu ezinjengemithi emathonjeni, kungcono ukulungisa ingxube (1: 1) ye "Medium" ne "Enkulu".
Okuqukethwe okungenani kwe-vermiculite engxenyeni yenhlabathi yomthamo wenhlabathi yilezi:
- for amnandi - kuze kube 30% (ogwadule), kuze 20% (ehlathini), kuze 50% (Lithops);
- i-ficus, i-dieffenbachy, i-caladium, i-alokazy, i-humansrium, i-maranth, i-hibiscus - kufika ku-20%;
- Monster, Clavium, Ivy, Philodendrons, Gemantus, njll - kuze kufinyelele ku-30%;
- i-yucca, izintende zezandla, ama-crotons, ama-laurels, i-tsiperusov, i-dratsen, i-asparagusi, njll - 30-40%;
- gloxinia, ferns, begonias, violets, tradescantia, cyclamen, arrowroot, njll - 40%.
UVermiculite (uphawu "elikhulu") lisetshenziselwa ukugeleza. Ukuze izihlahla ezimbizeni ezinkulu nama-tubs, imifula ivame ukufika ku-2.5 cm (ngokuvamile ihlangene nengqimba yobumba obunwetshiwe).
I-vermiculite efanele (umkhiqizo "Okuhle kakhulu" nokuthi "Kuhle") we-mulching ehlobisa.
UVermiculite isetshenziselwa ukusika izimbali. Ukuze uphume kangcono emzimbeni, ulungise i-substrate ye-brand "Micron" nesisombululo se-aqueous nama-fertilizer amaminerali. 
I-Vermiculite ilungele izithombo - amanzi namanyolo abanjwa, bese kancane kancane adluliselwa esitshalweni. I-substrate kumele ihlale imanzi (lokhu kumele kuhlolwe). Inqubo yokuqothula iningi ithatha izinsuku ezinhlanu kuya kwezingu-10.
Ama-flower nama-tubers kahle agcinwe ebusika, uma athululelwa ngezingxenye ze-vermiculite (2 kuya ku-5 cm).
Indlela yokusebenzisa i-vermiculite engadini
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-vermiculite ekuqaleni kwenkathi yensimu kuyokwandisa kakhulu isivuno. 
Amaminerali asetshenziselwa ngokuphumelelayo:
- imbewu yokuhluma (faka imbewu esikhwameni esicacile nge vermiculite (brand "Micron" kanye "Super fine"), uthele futhi ushiye ukuze zihlume endaweni efudumele);
- izithombo zemifino ezikhulayo (izinsuku eziyi-8-10 masinyane kunokujwayelekile). Ama-utamatisi, ukhukhamba kanye ne-pepper, ingxube engcono kakhulu ingumhlabathi (izingxenye ezingu-5), i-vermiculite (izingxenye ezimbili), ama-humus (izingxenye ezintathu), ne-Nitrophoska (40 g ngalinye ngo-10 l);
- ukuxhunyelelwa (ingxube ye-1: 1 - i-peat ne-vermiculite ("Kuhle"));
- ukutshala imifino engadini kanye nezitshalo zokugcina izithombo (ukuvuthwa ekuqaleni kwamasonto amabili, isivuno siyi-15-30% ephakeme). Uma utshala izithombo emhlabathini, engeza i-vermiculite ye-brand "Fine" (3-4 wezipuni) esitshalweni ngasinye emthonjeni. Lapho utshala amazambane - isigamu indebe;
- i-mulching (iyakusiza ukugcina umswakama ngisho nangenkathi yesomiso);
- ukulungiselela umquba (for 1 centner ingxube ye-peat, umquba, utshani oqoshiwe, njll - amabhakede amane we-vermiculite we-"Fine" ne "Medium" brand).
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-vermiculite engadini
Uma utshala izithombo zamaberry nezithelo zezithelo nezihlahla, njengendlela yokubonisa, kuyasebenza ukusebenzisa i-vermiculite. Izithombo ezinjalo zingatholakali izifo futhi zikhule ngokushesha. Isilinganiso sokungezela isilinganiso samamitha angu-3 ("Fine" kanye "Medium" brand) kahle.
Olunye uhlelo olubalulekile okudingeka ngalo i-vermiculite ezitshalweni ezitshalweni yizihlahla zomuthi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kaningi usebenzise ingxube yezimpawu "Kuhle", "Medium" ne "Large". Ngokwesilinganiso, imitha eyodwa yesikwele idinga kusuka ku-6 kuya ku-10 amalitha enhlanganisela enjalo (uma ihlanganisa isihlahla, inqubo evamile izoba ngama-3 kuya ku-5 amalitha).
Kubalulekile! Ngaphambi kombuthano we-mulching pristvolny yemithi yezithelo nge-vermiculite, kufanele uqaphele (hhayi ukulimaza izimpande) ukukhulula inhlabathi. Uma i-mulching, i-vermiculite kufanele ikhule kancane emhlabathini.
I-Vermiculite yezitshalo: izinzuzo kanye nokuqeda ukusetshenziswa
Umkhuba wesikhathi eside ukhombisa ukuthi izakhiwo eziwusizo ze-vermiculite ziletha izinzuzo eziningi. 
I-Vermiculite:
- ithuthukisa inhlabathi;
- i-aerates futhi igcina ibhalansi yamanzi emhlabathini;
- kunciphisa izinga le-asidi emhlabathini;
- ukunciphisa inhlabathi salinization;
- ekahle ekuhleleni amanzi;
- ivikela amaconsi okushisa (izitshalo azitholakali ukushisa ebusika futhi zome ehlobo);
- ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokufaka umhlabathi;
- ayiqedi futhi ayiboli (ukumelana nama-microorganisms);
- kunciphisa usongo esitshalweni sefungi, ukubola kwezimpande, njll;
- ukwandisa isivuno;
- ikhuthaza ukutshala kwama-hydroponic zezitshalo;
- kwandisa isikhathi sokugcina imifino nezithelo;
- i-biostimulant engavamile (okuqukethwe kwe-oxides yensimbi, i-potassium nezinye izakhi zokulandelela);
- izitshalo ezivela enhlabathini futhi zihlanganisa izinsimbi ezinzima, amakhemikhali anobungozi (amathuba okuthola okuningi "imikhiqizo ehlanzekile" yemvelo.
Nokho, i-vermiculite inezimo ezithile:
- lapho ukhula izithombo noma izitshalo ku-vermiculite futhi usebenzisa amanzi aqinile ekunisela, kunengozi yokushintsha emkhakheni we-asidi-base womhlabathi ohlangothini lwe-alkaline (kulokhu, kungcono ukusebenzisa amanzi ashubile namanzi abilisiwe, amanxusa okunciphisa amanzi, njll);
- lapho i-vermiculite isetshenziswa, kunzima ukuxilonga izinambuzane zenhlabathi (sciarid, cherry, njll);
- ngaphandle kokucabangela ukukhululwa kancane kancane kwamanzi e-vermiculite esitshalweni, kuyilapho ugcina indlela evamile yokunisela, ungakwazi ukuvuselela kalula umhlabathi.
Ngemva kokucabangela i-vermiculite futhi sesiyiqonde ukuthi siyini, singaphetha ngokubaluleka nokusebenza okusebenzayo kwalesi samaminerali ekukhiqizeni isivuno.
