Kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi abalimi abathandi noma bangakwazi ukuthenga izinhlelo zokunisela ezenziwe ngomumo zemifino nezitshalo zokugcina izithombo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukuchelela uketshelwa kwenziwa ngesandla ngezindlela umuntu ohlala kuzo ehlobo ekhona.
Ngempela, kusayithi lakho ungathola izinto ezanele kanye nezingxenye zalokhu. I-Plus izoba izindleko ezincane zezezimali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lwekhwalithi olwenziwe ngokunisela ukutshala kwensimu lungasetshenziswa ngokuphepha ngenhloso yalo.
Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa ukuchelela kokunisela
I-aeration yenhlabathi. Inhlabathi ayinakunyakaziswa, enika umoya omuhle wesimiso sesitshalo sonke isikhathi sokukhula, esingaphazanyiswa ngesikhathi sokunisela noma emva kwayo. I-oxygen yomhlabathi iyasiza uhlelo lwempande ukufeza ukusebenza okuphezulu okungenzeka.
Uhlelo lomsuka Ukuthuthukiswa komsuka kungcono kunezinye izindlela zokunisela. Lesi sitshalo sidla uketshezi ngokwengeziwe futhi sithatha izakhi. Ngalendlela yokunisela, ukusebenza kahle kudlula ama-95%, uma ukuchelela komhlaba kuveza u-5% kuphela, nokufafaza - cishe u-65%.
Amandla. Umquba wamanzi afakwa ngqo yizimpande. Amakhemikhali athola amandla amakhulu, anika umphumela omuhle kakhulu. Le ndlela yokudla izitshalo iphumelela kakhulu ezimweni ngesimo sezulu esomile.
Ukuvikelwa kwezitshalo. Amaqabunga ahlala esomile, ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi izifo ziyancishiswa kakhulu, njengoba izidakamizwa zingahlanzwa amaqabunga.
Vimbela ukuguguleka komhlabathi. Le ndlela yokunisela yenza kube lula ukunisela emithambekeni noma ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi. Akudingekile ukwakha izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi noma ukudlulisela inhlabathi.
Ukugcina amanzi okuphawulekayo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokunisela, ukunisela ukuchelela kusindisa amanzi ku-20-80%. Ukuhlehlisa umzimba kuvela kuphela ohlelweni lwempande. Ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi okuphuthumayo kuncishisiwe. Ayikho imfucuza ye-peripheral effluent.
Ukuvuthwa kokuqala. Ngalokhu kunisela, izinga lokushisa kwenhlabathi liphakeme kunezinye izinto ezihlukahlukene, futhi lokhu kuvuselela isivuno sibe isivuno sangaphambili.
Izindleko zamandla nezisebenzi. Izindleko zamandla ezincishisiwe zokunisela. Amandla agcinwa. Uhlelo lokudonsa aluthintekile ukucindezela kwehla emgqeni.
I-Agrotechnology. Ukunisela ukuchelela kuvumela ukuphatha umhlabathi, ukuphalaza izitshalo nokuvuna kunoma yisiphi isikhathi esikahle esizimele ngokunisela, ngoba izindawo eziphakathi kwemibhede azihambisani nonyaka.
Umhlaba. Ukunisela ukuchelela kukuvumela ukuba utshale izitshalo emhlabathini ngenxenye yelinisi elinganisiwe, njengoba ungasebenzisa amanzi anamanzi.
Uyazi? Phakathi kwama-Australia, ukuthandwa kwe-autowatering kuye kwanda ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ukugcina amanzi. Kuzakhamuzi zaleli zwekazi kukhona imikhawulo eqinile ekusetshenzisweni kwalolu lwazi lwemvelo. Izinhlelo zokunisela ezifana nalezi zifakwe emaqeshini ¾ namasimudi ase-Australia.
Indlela yokwenza uhlelo olulula lokunisela
Ukunisela ukuchelela akuyona ubuchwepheshe obusha futhi kwaqalwa esikhathini eside ezweni elomile - kwa-Israyeli. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kuye kwasetshenziselwa ukusebenza embonini yezolimo emhlabeni jikelele.
Kodwa endaweni encane akusho ukuhlakanipha ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokunisela ezibiza kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuchelela uketshezi kungenziwa ngezandla zakho ezivela ezintweni ezixubile.
Ukwenza ibhodlela lokunisela ukuchelela
Indlela elula yokwakha ukuchelela okuzenzekelayo yilezi zimpahla ezisebhodini leplastiki ezingadingekile. Uhlelo olunjalo lungasiza kakhulu ezindaweni ezincane.
Elinye ithangi lenzelwe ukuphakama kwamahlathi amabili, okwenza kube lula ukuthuthukisa imodi ngayinye yokunisela isitshalo ngasinye.
Ukuze utshele izitshalo ezidla amanzi amaningi, amabhodlela anenani eliphezulu lemigodla ifakwe. Ngakho ukugcoba kuyokwanela. I-titha emibili ilitha lanele kuze kube yizinsuku ezine zokunisela.
Uma kufanele uhambe isikhathi eside, ungafaka amabhodlela amaningi, isibonelo, ama-5-6 amalitha.
Umklamo wokunisela ibhodlela wezitshalo zensimu ungakhiwa ngezindlela ezintathu.
№1. Gweba emkhatsini wemigqa noma imifino, kokuba wenze izimbobo ngaphambili ngenaliti. Ungadabuli izimbobo ezinkulu. Umswakama awufanele ukugeleza masinyane.
Kubalulekile! Ukuphumula okuncane ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kungabi namanzi okuhlala ebhodleleni.Shiya intamo yesitsha phezu kwenhlabathi ngamamentimitha angu-5-7, kuyoba lula ukuyigcwalisa. Ukuze uvimbele uketshezi ukuthi ungabikho, phuca ibhodlela nge-cap ngembobo ngaphambilini eyenziwe kuyo.
Uma nje uvale intamo nge-cap, ukucindezela okuphansi kuzokwenzela ngaphakathi kwebhodlela, okuzoyikungabaza. Ngokuya ngohlobo lomhlabathi, inani lemigodi lenziwe lihluka.
Ngokuba isihlabathi sinokwanela ezintathu. Ngokuba ubumba kungcono ukwenza amahlanu.
№2. Amathangi amanzi awamiswa ngaphezu kwezitshalo. Emaphethelweni emibhede, usethe izikhonkwane bese welula ucingo phakathi kwabo, noma intambo eqinile. Kulo, hlela ibhodlela ngaphandle kwesisekelo.
Umswakama kuleli cala uzokhuphuka ngokushesha, kepha amanzi ashisayo ngeke awonakele izimpande zezitshalo ezithanda ukushisa.
Ngentanyeni, yenza umgodi wokulinganisa okunjalo ukuthi uketshezi aluphuli. Ukuze uqondise amanzi ngokuqondile ohlelweni lwempande, udinga ukufaka induku esesibambini ibe sekhava. Ngakho amanzi ayobe engcono kakhulu.
Phakamisa ukuphela okungajwayelekile kwe-stem nge-toothpick bese wenza imbobo ephakeme, khona-ke amanzi ngeke aphume ngokushesha kakhulu. Beka ukuhlangana phakathi kwezinduku nesembozo bese uyigcoba nge-sealant ukuvimbela uketshezi oludlulele ukufika embhedeni wensimu.
№3. Kule ndlela, njengezinto zokunisela ukuchelela, amabhodlela asetshenziselwa, kodwa ngokufaka okuncane. Ingaphansi ibhodlela kumele ichithe futhi i-cone ekhethekile ye-ceramic kufanele ifakwe entanyeni.
Bafaka isitsha emhlabathini emjikelezweni wezimpande zesitshalo. Isakhiwo sangaphakathi se-cone sisebenza njengendlela yokukhomba ekhomba izinga lokungcola kwenhlabathi. Ngokushesha nje lapho iqala ukoma, umswakama uphinde wondliwe ohlelweni lwempande.
Indlela yokudala uhlelo lokunisela labadokotela bezokwelapha
Enye indlela elula yokondla izitshalo ukuqoqa ukuchelela okunamandla ngezandla zakho. kusuka ku-droppers kwezokwelapha. Into eyinhloko ukuhambisana nezinto zonke ezidingekayo namathuluzi.
Ukusuka ku-droppers ungenza uhlelo oluphumelelayo lokunisela, oluthengeka kakhulu ngokwezinsiza ezibonakalayo. Ukwakha isakhiwo esinjalo, kwanele ukunamathela ohlelweni bese ulandela yonke imithetho.
Okokuqala, sinqume uhlelo zibe izingxenye ezilingana nobude bemibhede, futhi wenze izimbobo kuzo. Ibanga phakathi kwabo kufanele libe okungenani isigamu semitha.
Bese u-hang the tubes ngaphezu kwemibhede. Lokhu kungenziwa ngezinsimbi ezihlukahlukene zezingxenye. Hlanganisa iziphetho zamatayipi. Isondo likuvumela ukuba ulungise ukucindezela kwamanzi.
I-do-it-yourself dropper yokunisela ukusilela kuyisimiso esilula kakhulu. Ngesizo salo, ungakwazi ukuphuza ngokushesha imibhede ngaphandle kwemizamo ekhethekile.
Futhi, lolu hlelo lufanelekele ukutshala izitshalo ngamanyolo omanyolo. Umthamo wamanzi uwela ngokuqondile ngaphansi komsuka wesiko.
Izinkinga zihlanganisa isidingo sokuqeda imishini uma izinga lokushisa liwehla. Ipulasitiki ebusika ingasetshenziswa.
Indlela yokwenza umanyolo ongaphansi komhlaba
Igama lale ndlela likhuluma ngokwalo. Ingqikithi yayo ikhona ukuthi umswakama ezimpandeni zezitshalo aziveli ngaphandle, kodwa ngqo ngaphansi komhlaba.
Lo mphumela utholakala ngenxa yokubeka izakhiwo ezikhethekile ngaphambi kokunisela komhlaba. Okulandelayo, sizokutshela indlela yokuhlela ukuchelela phansi komhlaba ngezandla zakho.
Amathuluzi adingekayo
Ukudala idivayisi yokunisela komhlaba ngaphansi kwesakhiwo segadi, uzodinga lokhu okulandelayo:
- Amapayipi namapayipi ofanele ububanzi - 0.5 cm.
- Isendlalelo sokugeleza esakhiwa ngamatshe amatshe, ama-rubble, ama-slag nama-scraps amagatsha.
- Umdwebo
- I-Polyethylene roll.
- Isici sokuhlunga
- Indawo yokufinyelela kwamanzi.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza nokufaka
Ngaphambi kokuba ulungiselele ukuchelela uketshezi ekhaya, unqume indlela yokuhlinzeka ngamanzi. Uma amanzi enganikezwa ensimini, kufanele ucabangele inketho nge-tank ehlukile ngokukhethekile yokunisela.
Kungenzeka ukuqoqa amanzi emvula ophahleni, uhlala ucabange nje ngesistimu yokudonsa amanzi, ukuhlinzeka nokuqoqwa kwamanzi endaweni eyodwa. Umgqomo wamanzi kufanele ube mkhulu kunemibhede.
Imithetho yemvelo ayikhanseliwe, futhi amanzi ngaphansi kwengcindezi azovela emgqonyeni. Ungalungisa ukuphakama kwe-tank ukwandisa noma wehlise ukucindezela kwamanzi.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukwakhiwa kwesistimu uqobo. Dweba imbobo noma umsele, umboze nge-polyethylene bese ugcwalisa ungqimba lwe-drainage. Faka amashubhu (izimbobo kuzo kufanele zenziwe kakade) ngesihlungi. Okuphezulu ngesendlalelo se-drainage futhi ngemuva kokukumboza ngomhlaba.
Uyazi? EU.S., uhlelo lwe-autowatering luphezu kokuthuthukiswa okufisayo kwensimu.
Uma izandla zisebenza ngokungafuni
Muva nje, abalimi abanolwazi abanamakhono "abavela lapho badinga khona" bangakwazi ukwakha izinhlelo zokunisela. Akulula kakhulu ukubala konke, ukuqoqa ama-hoses nama-fixtures, wenze izimbobo ngokucophelela. Namuhla, ezitolo ezikhethekile, ungakhetha noma iyiphi imodeli yesistimu yokunisela yokudonsa oyifisayo.
Ukukhetha uhlelo lokunisela lokunisela
Abakhiqizi bezinhlelo zokunisela bangasungula futhi bakhiqize imininingwane ehlukahlukene yesakhiwo. Njengoba bethi, konke kusezandleni zabo. Yebo, futhi bangabizwa ngokweqile nangezindlela ezehlukene, uma bekhanga amakhasimende kuphela.
Kodwa uhlelo olujwayelekile lokunisela lubandakanya lezi zinto ezilandelayo: i-hose enkulu, lapho amanzi avela emthonjeni oyinhloko eya ephasini lokunikezela, lapho i-droppers ehamba khona.
Ama-droppers angaba ama-tubes amancane amancane noma ama-hoses amakhulu, ekupheleni kwawo lapho kukhona amadivayisi wokugcoba okuphutha okuphuza. Lapho ejula, amanzi amancane awela.
Faka kule kit kanye nama-adapters ahlukahlukene asetshenziselwa ukujoyina izakhi ezithile zesakhiwo. Kukhona namaphakheji emigodini engadingekile emigodini, ukuze amanzi angadluli lapho kungadingekile.
Kungcono ukhethe isistimu ngesihlungi esakhelwe ngaphakathi esivimbela ukuvala ama-droppers. Izikhonkwane zokulungisa i-hose nazo zizoba ngaphezulu, ngoba, kuye ngokuthi ingcindezi yamanzi, i-hose ingashintsha indawo yayo endaweni.
Ungakwazi ukwengeza ngokungeziwe i-timer - into elula kakhulu. Ngalo, unganika uhlelo lokuhlakanipha lokunisela ukuchelela. Ungabeka ukuqala nokuphela kokunisela, kanye nesikhathi esiphakathi kwamanzi. Lesi sici sikulungele kakhulu uma kwenzeka ushiye insimu yakho isikhathi eside.
Ukufakwa kwesistimu ku-greenhouse noma engadini
Njalo icala eliphathelene nokwakhiwa kwanoma yikuphi ukwakhiwa kwensimu noma ingadi kufanele iqale ngokuhlela. Njengoba bethi, ukubala kuyisihluthulelo somqondo ovamile nomklamo ophumelelayo.
Ngakho-ke, inhlangano yokuklaba kufanele iqale ngesimiso se-suburban area. Uhlelo lokusebenza kanje:
- Esikhathini sokudweba, qala kusukela endaweni yokunikezwa kwamanzi emaphakathi noma uphawu lapho kuyobekwa khona ithangi lamanzi, ukuthi i-hose esemqoka noma ipayipi izobekwa kanjani. Ngokusho kwabo, amanzi azofika ekwenzeni amateyipu. Linganisa ubude bemibhede kanye nebanga phakathi kwezitshalo. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukubala ngobude ubude be-hose ukuze kuphule ukuchelela kanye nebanga phakathi kwama-tubes we-dropper.
- Phakamisa ithangi ngamanzi endaweni ephakeme yamamitha angu-1.5 - 2.5 ngaphezu kwesayithi.
- Beka i-hose trunk emanzini wamanzi futhi ugijimise ngokuqondile emibhedeni.
- Phonsa izimbobo nge-screwdriver esilinganisweni esilingana nesigamu semitha. Namathisela amateyipu okudonsa emgqeni we-trunk ngokufaka izinto. Kufanele babe njengemibhede esayithini.
- Beka itheyipu yokudonsa emibhedeni, ubeke eduze kwesitshalo. Xhuma ohlangothini olulodwa nge-hose main, bese ubeka amaphugi kwenye.
- Xhuma ipayipi enkulu emathini amanzi. Ukuhlanza amanzi, qiniseka ukufaka isihlungi phakathi komgqomo noma uthephe kanye nephayiphu.
- Fakela ipayipi ye-trunk engxenyeni encane ngaphezu kwephansi ukuze udoti lungangeni ohlelweni.
- Gcwalisa itangi ngamanzi bese uvula ukuchelela.
- Sula uhlelo ngaphambi kokuqala ukusetshenziswa. Ukwenza lokhu, susa ama-plugs uphinde ugijime amanzi ngamanzi.
Indlela yokuzenzekelayo inqubo: "ukuchelela okune-smart drip" yenza ngokwakho
Uhlelo lokunisela lokugcoba luzenzekelayo ngesistimu evamile engaqondakali, ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka komnikazi wansuku zonke ngesikhathi esithize kuzovula ipompo, kuqala uhlelo lokunisela.
Kule design design irrigation, i-hose enezimbobo kufanele ixhunywe epompo. Izibambo zingenziwa nge-screwdriver nge-drill encane noma i-awl-hot-hot.
Okokuqala uphonsa i-hose ukusuka kwesokudla kuya kwesobunxele bese usuka phezulu kuya phansi. Ngakho amanzi azothululelwa ngokulinganayo ngisho nalapho evinjelwe. Ama-punctures kufanele ayenze ngokulinganayo endaweni eqhele ngamasentimitha angama-35. Beka i-hose elungiselelwe emibhedeni.
Kubalulekile! Beka ipayipi ngaphansi kwe-hose ukuvimbela ukuvinjelwa.
Ukwazi izici zamandla zepompo, thola isikhathi esidingekayo ukuqala uhlelo lokunisela, bese ululungisa ngosizo lwe-pump othomathikhi. Indlela enjalo isebenza ngokuzimela, futhi asikho isidingo sokubukeka njalo komnikazi ku-cottage.
Isimpande sotshani utshani siqhubekela ekujuleni kwamamitha ayishumi nesishiyagalolunye, ngakho-ke ekushiseni okuqinile udinga ukuchelela njalo utshani. Uma kungenjalo, bayashesha ngokushesha, futhi kuyodingeka bahlwanyele utshani obusha.
Utshani obunamagatsha aluhlaza kakhulu emiphumeleni eyingozi yemisebe ye-ultraviolet nomoya, okusho ukuthi inhlabathi kulezi zindawo idlala ngokushesha kakhulu.
Inkinga enkulu yokunisela ukugcoba yukuthi amanzi awafinyeleli emigodini eyingozi, egijima phambili ekuqaleni kokuqala. Kodwa ngamanzi amaningi, lokhu kuvela ukuthi le nqubo ayikona neze ukonga, futhi inhlabathi inamanzi.
Indlela yokuphuma kulesi simo ingatholakala ngosizo lomthengisi, owathengwa kunoma yisiphi isitolo sezesekeli zezwe. Kodwa awukwazi ukusebenzisa imali kudivayisi enjalo futhi uthole indlela yokuphuma usebenzisa ibhodlela leplastiki.
Kusuka kulo ungenza umhlinzeki owenziwe ngokwenza izinto, esimisweni esifana nokudonsa indlu yangasese. Ikhuphukele endaweni lapho i-tee yokunisela yokunisela ikhona khona. Kunoma yikuphi, kungenzeka ukulinganisela izinga lokunikezwa kwamanzi kokubili embhedeni ngamunye nasezitshalweni ngabanye.
Uyazi? Izwe lapho ukulungiswa okufanele kuhlelwe khona kunikeza izikhathi ezintathu isivuno.
