I-Coleria iyimbali ethandwayo yasendlini, lapho ukunakekelwa kunzima, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo isitshalo singenye yezinto ezinhle kunazo zonke ezinye izidalwa ezihlobisa.
Funda kabanzi ukuthi yimiphi imithetho yokulima kwalesi sitshalo, okungukuthi: uhlobo luni lomhlabathi oludingekayo, izinga lokushisa, izici zokunisela, kunokuba zikhule. Indlela yokunakekela ngesikhathi sokubusika. Indlela yokusakaza imbali, kanye nokufunda ngezifo nezinambuzane ezidinga ukwesatshwa.
Izici zokukhula
Ground
I-Coleria ikhetha inhlabathi elula, elula futhi enomsoco njalo. Ungathenga i-substrate ye-Gesneriaceae esitolo esikhethekile, ikakhulukazi i-Saintpaulia, noma ungayilungiselela wena. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kubalulekile ukuxuba ngokulingana okulinganayo izingxenye ezilandelayo: i-humus, isihlabathi esinamafutha, i-turf kanye nomhlabathi weqabunga.
Ukukhanyisa nendawo
I-Koleria yisitshalo esithandayo ukukhanya, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kubalulekile ukugwema ukukhanya kwelanga ezikhanyeni kanye namaqabunga, ngoba banobubele futhi bangaphelela, ngakho-ke ukuze unikeze ukukhanya okulungile, udinga ukubeka isitshalo lapho ukukhanya kuhlakazeka khona. Ukwenza lokhu, ufanelane kahle namafasitela asempumalanga noma empumalanga ngaphakathi endlini. Futhi ukuyifaka kumafasitela asenyakatho, ungakwazi ukufeza kuphela ukukhula kwayo, kodwa hhayi izimbali. Uma kungabikho ukukhanya okwanele, lesi sitshalo ngeke siphume., amaqabunga ayo azokwenyuka futhi aphuphuke.
Uma ikoloni ikhulile ezindaweni ezingaseningizimu, lapho ilanga lasehlobo lihlambalaza khona, khona-ke kufanele uqaphele indawo yalo. Kubuye kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ungabeki ububanzi bama-radiators, ngoba kunomswakama ophansi.
Kubalulekile! Uma lesi sitshalo singene esimweni sokuphumula (lokhu kwenzeka ebusika), isb. akazange alahle amahlamvu awo, ngakho-ke, cishe akuthandi ukukhanya, futhi kufanelekile ukunakekelwa lokhu.
Ukushisa
Ukushisa okungcono kakhulu kokukhulisa uhla kuyalinganisa - ama-20-25 degrees, futhi kubekezelela izinga lokushisa eliphezulu (kufika kuma-degree angama-30).
Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ezinkingeni ezinjalo zokushisa ezinjengezakhi zingase ziphakame ngendlela yokuma emhlabathini, ngenxa yokuthi kukhona ukuchelela okuningi, okuyinto isitshalo asithandi kakhulu. Futhi ebusika, izinga lokushisa kufanele linciphise libe yizi-15-17 degrees, kodwa kungenjalo, kusengesitshalo sezitshalo ezishisayo.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuvuselela kahle igumbi: lokhu lesi sitshalo asibekezelelani ama-drafts, futhi, ngoba izimbali neziqabunga zalo zibuthakathaka kakhulu.
Ngaphandle kwalokho ungashiya i-koleiya emazingeni okushisa aphezulu egumbini elivaliwe. Ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ukuthi kunomfudlana omncane womoya omusha nokukhanya okungafani.
Ukunisela
I-Coleria idinga ukuthambisa okulinganayo entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Kudingekile ukwenza lokhu ngamanzi afudumele okuye kwaxazululwa izinsuku eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngokushesha lapho ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlaba selomile, ngokunisela okuphansi, ngoba ingress yamanzi emaqabeni kanye nezimbali zalesi sitshalo iyabathinta kakhulu.
Ukunisela kwenzeka cishe isikhathi esisodwa ezinsukwini ezingu-7ngoba I-Coterium inomthelela kakhulu kumswakama emhlabathini, okungabangela izifo ezihlukahlukene zefungal. Ekwindla, inani lamanzi ngenkathi ukuchelela liyancipha kancane, futhi ekugcineni, lapho isitshalo siqala isikhathi sokuphumula, amanzi kufanele abe ngaphansi nangaphansi.
Umswakama
Ukungcola, lokhu kungenye yalezi zinto, lapho ukhula khona kolerii kudingeka ukhokhe ngokukhethekile. Uma igumbi lapho isitshalo sitholakala khona, izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, kuyadingeka ukwandisa umswakama. Ngakho-ke emazingeni angu-20-25 umswakama kufanele okungenani ube ngu-30%, yilokho inani elincane lapho ukukhula okuhle kuzoqinisekisa khona.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kufanele kwenziwe kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Okthoba, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukwenza entwasahlobo, lapho isitshalo siqala ukukhula ngamandla. Amakhomikhali e-organic and amaminerali ezitshalweni zomndeni wakwaGesneria afanelekile. Kutuswa ukutshala isitshalo kanye ngesonto.
Esikhathini lapho lesi sitshalo sisesimweni sokuphumula, akudingeki ukuthi kusetshenziswe ukugqoka.
Ebusika
Ebusika, kukhona isikhathi sokuphumula kolerii, lapho isitshalo sithola khona amandla amasha. Esikhathini se-kolerii ingxenye engezansi ingena, emva kwalokho amahlumela afile kufanele asuswe. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, imbali kufanele ibe endaweni efanele futhi efanelekile ekushiseni kwama-15-17 degrees.
Kodwa futhi kwenzeka ukuthi ubusika cishe akuzibonakali ngokwayo: amahlumela amasha angabonakala ngaphambi kokuba abantu abadala bafe noma bangakwenzi nhlobo. Uma amahlumela endala engawomile, ungawathinti, nje kuhlanzekile eside futhi kukhulu kakhulu.
Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ungakwazi ukunakekela ukukhanya okwanele: usethe isibani phezulu kwesitshalo, kodwa awukho ngaphezu kuka-50 cm. Udinga ukuwazisa i-kaleria, kodwa hhayi kaningi. Kwanele ukuqapha lapho umhlabathi ophezulu usomile.
Ukubunjwa kweBud
Inkathi yezimbali zeCorelia iqala ngoJulayi futhi iphela ngoNovemba. Futhi, ukuze wenze isitshalo sikhule, okungase singenzi nhlobo, lezi zimo ezilandelayo kufanele zenziwe:
- Beka imbali endaweni ekhanyisiwe.
- Gwema ukudoba ngokweqile kwenhlabathi, isb. ukuchelela okufika ngesikhathi nangokufanele.
- Ibhodlela akufanele libe lincane kakhulu futhi alilutho kakhulu.
- Ukuqeda amahlumela amakhulu namade.
- Ukuhlinzeka ngomhlabathi wezakhi.
On the note. Awudingi ukulinda izimbali ze-coli ngokushesha; ngonyaka wokuqala. Ama-peduncles avela izitshalo ezineminyaka engu-2 no-3 kuphela ubudala.
Ukwakheka komqhele kanye nomqhele
Ukwakhiwa komqhele kuyadingeka ukuze kubonakale ubuhle besitshalo. Ukuze ufeze lokhu, udinga ukuqeda amahlumela amakhulu kanye nezimbali zombala, eziye zaphela futhi ziyaqala ukuma.
Lokhu ukusika izihlahla zivumela ukuthi amahlumela amasha avele kaningi nangokwengeziwe. Uma ungenzi umqhele, isitshalo sishintshwa sibe i-ampel, ngoba amahlumela akhe aqala ukuwa.
Ukufakelwa
I-Koleria yisitshalo esidinga ukutshalwe njalo ngonyaka, ngoba ngaphansi kwazo zonke izimo lapho lesi sitshalo sizokwazi ukukhululeka khona ngangokunokwenzeka, siyokhula ngokushesha futhi ngokuqinile. Ukubuyisela imbali kungcono ibhodlela lokujula okufana nalokho okudlule, kodwa okuncane.
I-substrate yase-Earth - isilungiselele kabusha. Kudingekile kuphela ukwenza ukufakelwa kwe-kuryeria uma izimpande zawo zihambisana ngokuphelele ne-clod yodumba, kanti uma kwenzeka lokhu, ngeke kube khona izinkinga phakathi nale nqubo: kuyokwanela ukuhambisa nje le clod yodaka ebhodweni elisha lapho i-primer isivele ilungisiwe.
Ukuze isitshalo somdala, i-substrate ilungiswe kanje:
Izingcezu ezimbili zomhlaba ophelile;- Ishidi elingu-1;
- 0.5 izingxenye zesihlabathi.
Izingcezu ezimbili zomhlaba ophelile;Usengathanda lokhu:
- 1 ingxenye yesihlabathi nomhlabathi we-humus;
- Izingcezu ezintathu ze-sod;
- Izingxenye ezimbili zeshidi.
Siphinde sicabange ukuthi lesi sitshalo asiyithandi umswakama owedlulele emhlabathini, ngakho-ke amalahle angabezwa engxenyeni. Ngezansi udinga ukwenza imifudlana nezimbobo zokukhipha amanzi.
Kubalulekile! Lapho ulungiselela i-substrate yama-koles amancane, inhlabathi ye-turf ayengeziwe.
Ukuzala
Cuttings
Ngokukhiqiza okunjalo, udinga ukusika ingxenye engaphezulu yehlumela bese uyifaka esanzini noma enxenyeni yesihlabathi elinomuthi onzima (ku-1: 1 isilinganiso). Umhlabathi, ngaphambi kokumboza ngeglasi, ngokulinganisela ukuthuthukisa. Okulandelayo kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi ukusika ngokweqile kwe-cuttings akuqala ukubola ngaphansi kwengilazi.
Inqubo yokwakheka kwezimpande ingasheshiswa uma ilashwa ngezikhuthazo ezikhethekile. futhi ukushisa phansi phansi ithangi nge-cuttings. Zonke lezi zigaba zenzeka zingakapheli amasonto amabili, emva kwalokho igciwane lobubanzi lingasetshenziselwa embizeni ehlukile njengesitshalo esizimele.
Kusukela kuvidiyo uzofunda ukuthi usakaze kanjani iColeria nge-cuttings:
Imbewu
Ukusabalalisa ngembewu kumele kwenziwe kusukela ebusika kuze kube sekupheleni kwayo.
- Imbewu ibekwe emaqenjini futhi ingcwatshwe phezulu emhlabathini, bese ithululelwa ngamanzi futhi igcwele ingilazi.
- Amabhokshi anawo kufanele agcinwe ekamelweni elinokushisa kwama-degrees angu-20 kuya kwangu-24 kanye ne-ventilated yansuku zonke kuze kuvele amahlumela.
- Ngokulandelayo, izithombo zifakwa emkhunjini owodwa emkhatsini womunye nomunye emhlabathini owenziwe ngaphambilini wehlabathi nesiqabunga (2: 1), futhi uma zikhula futhi ziba zikhudlwana, zidinga ukutshalwe zibe izimbiza ezihlukene (7 cm ububanzi).
Ukulungiswa kwe-substrate yokufakelwa kabusha emiphakathini ngayinye: izingxenye ezimbili zezwe eliqothukile, i-0.5 sod, ingxenye engu-1 yesihlabathi nomhlaba we-peat.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-rhizomes
- I-rhizome kufanele ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu ngommese okhaliphile, futhi ucezu ngalunye oluhlukanisiwe kufanele litshalwe ebhodweni elilodwa, lapho umhlaba usuvele ulungisiwe khona.
- I-rhizome ingcwatshwa yi-2-3 cm emhlabathini, bese isetshenziswe ngokulinganisela ngamanzi ahlelekile ekamelweni lokushisa.
Le ndlela yokuzalanisa imbali ingenye yezinto ezilula.
Izinambuzane nezifo
Koleriya - isitshalo esingenakuzithoba, efuna izimo ezingatholakala kalula, uma uqaphela. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kuyisitshalo esibucayi kakhulu, futhi uma ingasetshenziswanga ngendlela efanele, ukubukeka kwayo kungase kube mnandi kakhulu.
- Uma i-koloni ingaqhakazi isikhathi eside, khona-ke kudingeka ulalele ukukhanyisa nokusondeza.
- Uma iziqu namaqabunga ziba buthakathaka, udinga ukusika amahlumela asekhulile futhi ushintshe i-substrate.
- Uma amaqabunga ephuzi, umoya unomswakama futhi kunezinsalela zomquba emhlabathini.
- Uma amaqabunga namaqabunga eqala ukuwa, udinga ukondla i-substrate.
- Amaqabunga aphuzi emahlathini ashisa, okusho ukuthi ilanga eliqondile kufanele ligwenywe.
- Amabala amhlophe emaqabungeni avela kuphela uma umswakama ufika kubo, ngakho-ke akumele kube khona okufakiwe.
- Uma amaqabunga e-curl, ke udinga ukwandisa umswakama bese ubona ukushisa.
- Endabeni ye-pallor ne-elongation, udinga ukwandisa inani lokukhanya. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho imbali ifakwa enkundleni yefasitela elisenyakatho endlini.
- Amabala amnyama emaqabunga avela ngenxa yokuchelela ngamakhaza, hhayi amanzi azinzile.
Incazelo kanye nezithombe zezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene
Azikho umehluko ocacile ekunakekeleni kwalokhu noma ukuthi ezihlukahlukene ezihlukahlukene, ngoba akusona isitshalo esingenasisekelo. Futhi izinhlobo ezidume kakhulu zabalimi yizinhlobo ezilandelayo.
Fluffy Flower
Ifomu elivamile, elibonakala ngamagqabunga avela emasinini phakathi, nangaphansi kwesigamu. Uma kukhula izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-Fluffy flower zingafinyelela ku-5 cm.
Ukuhluka okunye kwezinye izinhlobo kubonakale kakade kusukela ekubukeni kwesibhakabhaka: kubomvu noma kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi, uma sekuvuliwe, kubonisa isilwane saso.
Kuhle
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zingafinyelela ku-60 cm ukuphakama, isikhathi eside, amaqabunga amakhulu omthunzi ohlaza-obomvu onomvini obomvu.
Izimbali zincane kakhulu, kodwa zinezithunzi ezimnandi zepinki. Emlenzeni kukhona iphethini ye-speck.
Bogotskaya
Ukuphakama okuphezulu kwalokhu okuhlukahlukene kungaphezu kwamamitha ayi-0.5. Amaqabunga amancane, asemise okwesibhakabhaka nomnyama ombala; Ngaphandle, izimbali zibomvu noma zi-orange, kanti ngaphakathi ngaphakathi cishe kuphuzi. Ama-crimson amabala ezithombeni ayingxenye yalesi sigaba.
Trubkotsvetkovaya
Ukuphakama, lesi sitshalo singafinyelela ku-40 cm nje kuphela, okwenza kube lula ukuyibeka emifanekisweni ephakathi. Izimbali zihlukile ngoba zithandwa kakhulu futhi azikhombisi kahle. Izimbali ezibomvu ezikhanyayo zihlangene ngokuphelele namaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ungathola ulwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zeColeria kwesinye isihloko.
Isiphetho
Koleriya umhlobiso omuhle wendlu yakho, ngaphandle kwalokho lesi sitshalo sihlanza ngokuphelele umoya ovela emanzini amaningi angcolile nothuli, engenabungozi ezinganeni, abantu abanesifo somzimba kanye nezilwane ezifuywayo. Uma ububanzi buhlinzekwa ngokunakekelwa okufanele, kufaka phakathi ukuthobela yonke imithetho, kuyohlale ikujabulisayo ngobuhle bayo nobukeka obuhle.
