Kubalimi abaningi, benesitshalo esisijabulisi iso kuphela, kodwa futhi sithwala izithelo, kungumqondo wokulungisa. Enye yalezi zitshalo ezithela izithelo, ezitholile ukuthandwa kakhulu maduzane - kumquat, Lena isitshalo se-citrus esingakhula ekhaya.
Uyazi? Ukuhunyushwa kusuka kumkhiqizo we-Chinese - "i-apula yegolide".
Incazelo ye-Kumquat, njengoba ibonakala endaweni yethu
Ngakho kumquat, kuyini? Lesi yisihlahla esisihlahla esihlala njalo emndenini we-citrus. I-Kumquat yathola ukuthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi. I-China ibhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa yaseKumquat.
Ngekhulu leminyaka lama-20 lalethwa emazweni aseMelika naseYurophu, manje likhula cishe kuwo wonke amazwe, futhi libizwa - japanese orange. Endle, i-kumquat ikhula eningizimu naseningizimu-mpumalanga yeChina.
Ama-shrub asekhaya ase-Kumquat aphansi kakhulu futhi ahlangene, anekhanda elithuthukisiwe elinobhola (ngenxa yokulimala okunamandla) namaqabunga amancane. I-Kumquat blooms in izimbali ezibomvu nezimhlophe ngephunga elimnandi eliphikelela, elinika inqwaba ye-fruiting.
Ukuphakama okuphezulu kwesitshalo yi-1.5 m, amaqabunga angaba ngu-5 cm ubude, abe nombala ocebile obala, izimbali zincane, zinomsindo onamandla we-citrus. Inani eliyinhloko le-kumquat yizithelo. Zincane, azidluli u-5 cm, ziyi-oval, i-orange inombala futhi ikhanya kakhulu.
Ngaphandle, i-kumquat ibukeka sengathi i-orange encane, futhi iyakuthanda njenge-mandarin ngenye indlela eyodwa: i-kumquat ine-peel edible. Isikhumba siphunga kakhulu, kodwa inyama iyomuncu. I-Kumquat ithathwa ukuba idliwe ngokuphelele-isikhumba, ngakho inyama enomuncu ne-rind elimnandi iyoxuba bese kunika ukunambitheka okumnandi nokulinganisela.
Indlela yokukhetha indawo yokutshala i-kumquat (kinkana)
Ukuze i-kumquat ikhule kahle futhi ithele isivuno esikhulu, idinga ukuthola indawo efanele. Ake sibone ukuthi singayinakekela kanjani ikhaya?
Kufanele kube ukushisa nokukhanyisa
Ehlobo, i-kumquat iyoba yanele ngokwanele kwelanga. Uma isimo sezulu singashisi ngokukhethekile, khona-ke sizohambisana nokukhanya kwelanga. Kubuye kunconywe ukuba uyiphathe emkhathini, ensimini noma ensimini, ukuze umuthi ugcwale ukuhlanza komgwaqo.
Ebusika, lesi sitshalo sidinga ukukhanya okuningi, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuyibeka esiteleni esilungile. Uma kunokwenzeka, i-kumquat ingaqhubeka ikhanyiswa ngezibani.
Ukushisa kwe-air kunendima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni izitshalo. Ehlobo, ukukhula okuhle kwe-kumquat kudinga ukushisa kwama-25-30 ° C, kanti ebusika kuyoba ngokwanele cishe ngo-18 ° C.
Ukuhlwanyela nokuhlwanyela kwe-Kumquat
I-Kumquat yisitshalo esikhetha ukukhula ekhaya nge umswakama ophezulu. Uma umoya usomile kakhulu, uzosheshe uchithe amaqabunga awo. Lokhu kuvame ukukwenzeka emva kokuqala kwenkathi yokushisa, uma izinga lokushisa lomoya emafulethini likhuphuka kakhulu.
Uyazi? Ukugcina umswakama obalulekile, ungafaka isitsha ngamanzi eduze nembali.
Ukuvimbela izinkinga ezinjalo, faka lesi sitshalo njalo ngangokunokwenzeka ngebhodlela le-spray. Uma kukhona kungenzeka futhi ufisa, khona-ke ungakwazi ukuhlela i-kumquat kanye ngesonto "usuku lokugeza" bese ulugeza eshaweni.
Kubalulekile! Uma ebusika i-kumquat ihlala egumbini elinokushisa okuphansi, kuyadingeka ukuba ungabandakanyi ishaja futhi kaningi ukuthi ungcolise lesi sitshalo. Ngenxa yomswakama ophezulu namazinga okushisa aphansi, izifo ze-fungal zingase zivele..
Indlela yokulungisa umhlabathi wokutshala
Ukubuza umbuzo: "Indlela yokukhula kumquat ekhaya?", Okokuqala kufanele ube nesithakazelo ekubunjweni kwenhlabathi ekukhuleni kwalesi sitshalo.
Into yokuqala okudingeka ukwazi ngayo inhlabathi ye-Kumquat ukuthi kufanele ihlanganise izingxenye ezilinganayo zenhlabathi engadini nomfula wesihlabathi. Ngaphambi kokuxuba isihlabathi kahle kubalwa kuhhavini.
Khona-ke inhlabathi ephathwayo nexutshwe ichithelwa embizeni engekho ngaphezu kuka-8 cm ububanzi, kodwa iphezulu. Ngaphambili kuya phansi kwembiza ukulala kwamanzi ngesimo sejuba elibi noma ubumba obunwetshiwe.
Imithetho yokutshala i-Kumquat
Ngakho-ke, ungatshala kanjani isitshalo ukuze ukhule kumquat enhle futhi eqinile ekhaya? Kudingeka ukuyihlwanyela emhlabathini wenhlabathi nomhlabathi, ukuze uthole ukudla okungcono kangcono kwezimpande, ungangeza i-humus encane.
Kungcono ukubeka ibhodlela ngesitshalo ewindini elisebusayo, lapho "liyogeza khona" emisebeni yelanga, likhule futhi libe namandla. Eduze ne-kumquat kubalulekile ukufaka isitsha ngamanzi ukwandisa umswakama emoyeni. Ungakwazi ukubeka i-kumquat phakathi kwezinye izitshalo, khona-ke bayodlalana ngokuswakama.
Ukunakekela umquat, indlela yokukhulisa umuthi we-citrus
I-Kumquat yisitshalo esidinga kakhulu esidinga izimo ezikhethekile zokukhula. Ukuze akhule kahle, udinga ukwakha i-microclimate ephumuzayo.
Ukunisela izitshalo
I-Kumquat idinga ukuchelela ngokulinganisela ekwindla nasekuseni, uma kubusika kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukuchelela. Kodwa ehlobo kunesidingo sokuphuza i-kumquat njalo ngangokunokwenzeka.
Kuyoba ngcono uma uyithatha njengomthetho ukuphuza i-kumquat ekuseni. Amanzi akufanele abe ngaphansi kwekamelo lokushisa, ngoba uma uthele amanzi abandayo esitshalweni, wonke amaqabunga ayo azovele ewa.
Ukuvimbela ukuqhuma kwamanzi emhlabathini phansi phansi kwamanzi okugeleza. Ngaphakathi kwenhlanganisela yenhlabathi, ungaphinda uhlanganise amanzi ngendlela yamahlumela amancane.
Kubalulekile! Ehlobo udinga amanzi okungenani izikhathi ezintathu ngesonto. Hlola ukoma kwenhlabathi ukucacisa imvamisa yokuchelela.
Ukutshala kanye nokufaka umquba
Kudingeka ukuthi i-kumquat idliwe kaningi kangakanani, futhi izidingo eziningi zomanyolo kumquat zincike ezintweni eziningi. Kucatshangelwa ukubunjwa kwenhlabathi, iminyaka yomuthi nesimo sayo, kanye nobukhulu bebhodlela lapho i-kumquat ikhula khona.
Esikhathini kusukela ngoMashi kuya kuSeptemba, izitshalo ezithela izithelo, ukondla kuyadingeka okungenani izikhathi ezintathu ngenyanga, ngezinye izikhathi ungakondla kanye ngenyanga nangxenye. Umquba kufanele ube nama-2.5 g we-ammonium nitrate, 1.5 g we-salti potassium noma i-potassium chloride, 1.5 g we-superphosphate nelitha lamanzi.
Indlela yokwakha umqhele "we-orange golden"
Ukuze i-kumquat ibe nokubonakala okubonakalayo futhi iqala ukuthela izithelo ngokushesha, kubalulekile ukwakha umqhele wayo. Okokuqala kubalulekile ukwakha isiqu esifanele.
I-trunk kakade ikhule yayisike ibe ngamasentimitha angu-20 ubude. Kubalulekile ukushiya amafihlethi athuthukile kahle, kufanele kube okungenani 4. Kamuva, amahlumela amahlumela azokwakha kulezi ziqu, ezizokwenza isisekelo somuthi.
Lezi zihlumela zibizwa ngokuthi "ama-first order shoots", kufanele zibe ngu-3-4, zidinga ukuba zitholwe ezinhlangothini eziphambene zesiqu. I-oda ngalinye elilandelwayo lamahlumela lenza okufutshane ngama-5 cm. Ukugcina kuyoba ngumyalo wesine wamagatsha.
Uma wenza konke okulungile, i-kumquat yakho izoqala ukuthela izithelo ngokushesha, futhi ukubukeka kwayo kuyokujabulisa.
Ukufakelwa kwezitshalo
I-Kumquat kumele isetshenziswe ngaphambi kokuba amahlumela aqale ukukhula; lokhu kuvame ukuqhubeka phakathi kwentwasahlobo. Kodwa-ke, i-kumquat ekhulayo ekhaya idinga ukutshala kabusha okungaphezu kwesisodwa njalo eminyakeni emibili.
Ukufakelwa kwe-kumquat kuqukethe ukuphatha i-coma yomhlaba ne-rhizome ngaphandle kokulimaza. Ukugeleza kushintshwe ngokuphelele ngenye entsha.
Izikhala ezingenzeka phakathi kwezindonga zebhodlela elisha kanye ne-clock earthy zigcwele inhlabathi entsha. Ngemuva kwalokho, udinga ukubeka lesi sihlahla endaweni emnyama ethisayo kanye ne-moisten kahle.
Ngesikhathi i-kumquat izokuma lapho, umqhele wakhe kufanele uqhutshwe njalo ngamanzi afudumele.
Ukuphindaphinda kwe-Kumquat
Njengazo zonke izithelo ze-citrus, i-kumquat ingasakazwa ngosizo lwe: imbewu, cuttings, cuttings kanye nama-grafts. Ake sihlolisise uhlobo ngalunye lokuzalanisa.
Imbewu
Ukuze imbewu ikhule i-kumquat egcwele, idinga ukuba itshalwe inhlanganisela yesihlabathi somfula kanye nenhlabathi evamile engadini. Amahlumela okuqala ungabuka emva kwenyanga nonyaka.
Ihlumela lezithombo ezine amaqabunga amane. Lapho lesi sitshalo sinamandla, singakulungela ukufakelwa kabusha. 2 amasonto ngaphambi kokufakelwa okuhleliwe, ukusika izimpande zezitshalo.
Kubalulekile! Ngesikhathi ukusika izimpande zesitshalo akukwazi ukususwa emhlabathini.
Uma ungaqedi izimpande, zizophola, futhi zinganiki ukukhula ngobude. Ukuze usike izimpande, ubambe ummese ngommese obukhali engeni lika-45 ° ebangeni elingu-10 cm esitshalweni. "Sika" izithombo zidonsa kahle bese zihlezi.
Izitshalo ezikhulile ezivela embewu azigcini izici ezihlukahlukene zazo. Isibonelo, baqala ukuthela izithelo emva kweminyaka eyi-10, noma ngaphezulu.
Kumquat grafting
Lena yindlela enkulu yokuzalanisa ukulima ekhaya. I-Kumquat ingaqedwa unyaka wonke, kodwa imiphumela emihle iyatholakala ngo-Ephreli.
Ngemva kokucubungula ama-cuttings ngaphambi kokutshala nge-stimulator ekhethekile yokukhula, uzosheshisa inqubo yokwakheka kwezimpande ezifanele, okubangela ukubonakala kwenani elikhudlwana lokusika kanye nokuthuthukiswa okungcono kwesistimu.
Ukusika ama-cuttings sebenzisa amahlumela okuvunwa izitshalo ezithela izithelo ekwindla. Amahlumela afanelekile futhi awanamathele anqunywe yi-cuttings ka-8 cm ngefihlekile eziningana. Izingxenye ezingezansi ze-cuttings, ukuze zingaqali ukubola, zifafazwe ngamalahle.
Ngaphansi kwebhodlela kuhlanganiswa amanzi, okuhlanganiswa ngogesi, phezulu kokuthulula inhlanganisela yenhlabathi. Embhodweni watshala ama-cuttings angu-5 e-kumquat at 2-cm ububanzi. Konke lokhu kuhlanganiswe ngejubane lesilazi futhi kufakwe ngaphansi kwelanga elingafani.
Emva kwamasonto amabili, izimpande zakhiwa ku-cuttings. Izitshalo ezigxile emzimbeni zingatshala ezimbizeni ezihlukene.
Ukukhiqizwa ngokubeka
Ukuze ukhiqizwe ngokufaka i-kumquat ye-fruiting entwasahlobo ikhetha ukudubula wonyaka noma igatsha. Ngaphezulu kuka-10 cm egatsheni, kunqunywa ukuguqulwa kwama-annular futhi i-ring of bark isusiwe.
Okulandelayo udinga ukusika wonke amaqabunga angaphezulu nangaphansi kwe-cut. Ibhodlela lepulasitiki limiswa phakathi nendawo. Ngesigamu ngasinye phansi, imizuzu emibili ihlukaniswe phakathi, ubukhulu kufanele buhambelane nobukhulu begatsha.
Ibhodlela kufanele liboshwe egatsheni ukuze ukusika kwegxolo kulungile phakathi nendawo. Ama-halves amabhodlela amabili adinga ukufakwa futhi agcwale inhlanganisela yenhlabathi, ngezikhathi ezithile kudingeka adonwe.
Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili, i-kumquat engezansi kwebhodlela kufanele inqunywe, ihlukanise ngokucophelela i-half of the bottle bese isitshala isitshalo esilandelayo ngendwangu yomhlaba ebhodweni elihlukile. Beka imbiza lapho i-kumquat ikhula khona endlini yakho.
Izitshalo ezihlanganiswayo
Ukuze ukwazi ukusabalalisa ama-kumquat grafts, kudingeka ube nezithombo zezitshalo ezivele zifinyelele ubukhulu obuyi-1 cm phansi. Babuye bancoma ukuhlanganisa amahlumela e-kumquat esitokisini se-grapefruit noma i-poncirus yamaqabunga amathathu. Ngokuvamile bajwayele ukufaka inoculation yesihlangu esikhungweni noma ukubuka okulula kwe-cultivar.
I-Kumquat idinga ukuhlanganiswa ngenkathi ikhula ngokukhulayo futhi isitshalo sokugeleza kwamahlumela. Ngemuva kwenyanga nangesigamu, amehlo azogxila, futhi ingxenye engezansi-izithombo zingadliwa endaweni yokugoma bese uqala ukwakha umqhele.
Izimila ezikhulile ngemigomo ziqala ukuthela izithelo kancane kancane, kodwa zithuthukise kangcono. Ama-komquats ayenzile aqina kakhulu futhi aphikisana nezimo ezihlukahlukene zokukhula ezimbi.
Manje uyazi ukuthi yikuphi uhlobo lwezithelo kumququ, futhi ungazikhulisa wena ekhaya.
