Kulesi sihloko, sizokufundisa indlela yokutshala kahle amahlumela aseBrussels.. Ake sikutshele ukuthi inhlabathi kufanele ibe yiphi futhi ukuthi udinge kangakanani ukuphuza lesi sitshalo. Ngeke nje ufunde okuthile okusha, kodwa futhi ufunde amaqiniso ambalwa athakazelisayo ngeklabishi.
Uyazi? UKarl Linney kuqala ngokwesayensi wachaza iklabishi, ebiza eBrussels ngemuva kwebalimi baseBelgium evela eBrussels. EBelgium, amahlumela aseBrussels aphethwe yi-kale evamile.
Izitshalo ezifanele zaseBrussels
Ngokuvamile, ukutshala okungafanele kungabangela okungenani i-ovary embi, futhi esimweni esibucayi - ekufeni kwesitshalo. Ngakho-ke, sizokuthola ukuthi izitshalo zaseBrussels zizotshala nini futhi kanjani.
Izidingo zomhlaba
Ukuze imbewu ilungise ingxube ekhethekile (isihlabathi sod + nesihlabathi esilinganayo). Emva kwalokhu, izinkezo ezimbili zezinkuni kanye ne-1 spoon ye-superphosphate zengezwe kule mix. Ingxube yebumba igcwele amabhokisi wezithombo futhi ithululelwe phezu kwesidakamizwa "Chom" (15 g ngalinye 5 l amanzi). I-Grooves yenziwa e-substrate nge-1 cm ejulile (ibanga eliphakathi kwemifula lingu-10 cm), ngemva kwalokho imbewu ibeke khona, ihlanganiswe nenhlabathi, iphinde icindezelwe kalula.
Ukushisa ekamelweni namabhokisi kufanele kube ngu-20 °. Ukukhanya akudingeki kube kuhle, kodwa akufanele ugcine amabhokisi emiphongolweni noma esiteji ngokuntuleka kokukhanya okuphelele. Ngesonto, amahlumela aqala. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kubalulekile ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa phakathi nosuku kuya ku-6-8˚С, nasebusuku - kuya ku-9-12˚С.
Kubalulekile! Ukushisa kuncipha ngemva kokuhluma ukuze isitshalo siqine, futhi singatshala emhlabathini ovulekile.
Emva kokuvela kweqabunga lokuqala eliyiqiniso leklabishi elisha, lingasuswa phansi (kufakwe kabusha) kwenye indawo (ibhokisi elibanzi noma indebe). Kuyafaneleka futhi ukwazi ukuthi uma ukhetha kwenye indawo, ama-cabbages kudingeka adutshwe emhlabathini emaqabunga e-cotyledon. Izithombo kudingeka ziphuze ngamanzi ekamelweni lokushisa + 18-20˚С. Kubalulekile ukutshala izithombo. Lokhu kwenziwa ngezigaba ezimbili:
- Emva kokuvela kwamaqabunga amabili esitshalweni esincane, sondliwa ngesisombululo somsoco (ihafu-tablet ye-microelement nge 1 l amanzi).
- Ngesikhathi sokuqina izithombo. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukugqoka okuphezulu kuyinhlanganisela ye-1 isipuni se-urea ne-potassium sulfate ebhakedeni lamanzi (70-100 ml isetshenziselwa isitshalo ngasinye).
Ngaphambi kokutshala kusayithi udinga ukomisa iklabishi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izinsuku ezingu-15 ngaphambi kokufakelwa kabusha, amabhokisi / izindebe zezithombo kufanele zenziwe njalo elangeni futhi zizwe ngokushisa okuphansi (kubalulekile ukuthi ungabi ngaphezu kwalo, nhlobo, lesi sitshalo asikatholakali).
Izithombo ezilungele ukutshala emhlabathini ovulekile kufanele zibe namaqabunga ama-5-6, ubukhulu be-stem bungaba ngu-5 cm kanti ukuphakama akungaphansi kuka-20 cm. Isonto ngaphambi kokutshala, ukuchelela kumile ngokuphelele (akulimazi isitshalo). Ngosuku olulandelayo ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile, lesi sitshalo sinisela ngamanzi amaningi, ngakho-ke umhlabathi omkhulu ngangokunokwenzeka unamathele ezimpandeni.
Ukulungiselela imbewu yokutshala
Lapho kuhlwanyelwa amaBrussels, kubalulekile ukwenza izenzo zokulungiselela. Imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala kufanele ihlanganiswe ngendwangu emanzini izinsuku ezingu-4-5. Ngemuva kwalokho, imbewu ibhapathizwa imizuzu eyi-15 emanzini afudumele (50 ° C), bese ibanda ngomzuzu (yenza lezi zinyathelo ukuvimbela izifo ezingenzeka). Okulandelayo, imbewu ihlanganiswa nesisombululo se-nitrophoska (1 tsp. 1 litre amanzi) amahora angu-15-16.
Ukuze ukumelana kangcono neqhwa, imbewu igcinwa esiqandisini ku -1 ° C. Lezi zenzo zibalulekile ngoba zisindisa isitshalo ezifweni nasezinambuzane, ukwandisa ukumelana nesithwathwa.
Izikhathi ezihle zokufika
Ukutshala imbewu kuqhutshwa ngezikhathi ezahlukene, okuxhomeke ezinhlobonhlobo zeklabishi. Izinhlobo zakuqala ziqala ukutshala phakathi kuka-Mashi, ngasekupheleni - kusukela ngo-Ephreli 10. Izithombo ezilungiselelwe zitshalwe endaweni evulekile ekuqaleni kukaJuni.
Isu nokujula kokufika
Unayo izithombo zezitshalo zaseBrussels, manje kudingekile ukuyihlwanyela kahle emhlabathini ovulekile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, landela imithetho ethile yokufika.
Njengoba lesi sitshalo sikhula usayizi othakazelisayo, udinga ukunikeza isikhala esanele lapho utshala kusayithi. Ububanzi phakathi kwemigqa akumele kube ngaphansi kuka-0.6 m. Emgqeni, ibanga eliphakathi kwezitshalo kufanele libe okungenani ama-40-50 cm. Ukujula kokutshala kufanele kufane nobude bezimpande zezithombo. Kungcono ukufihla isiqu emhlabathini kancane, kunokushiya izimpande ebusweni.
Uyazi? Amahlumela aseBrussels anconywa njengomkhiqizo wokudla kubantu abaphethwe izifo zenhliziyo.
Ubuqili bokukhula nokunakekela amahlumela aseBrussels
Sacabanga ukuthi singatshala kanjani ama-Brussels amahlumela ezitshalweni, manje sibheke emithethweni yokunakekelwa kwezitshalo.
Abanduleli abalungile nababi
Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo endaweni evulekile, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi le ndawo yakhula ekuqaleni. Kukhona amasiko emva kwalokho okungenzeka futhi okudingekayo ukutshala amahlumela aseBrussels. Kodwa kukhona okulandelayo okungenakwenzeka ukutshala lesi sitshalo.
Akufanele utshale izitshalo zaseBrussels emva kwezilimo ezilandelayo: iklabishi omhlophe noma yimuphi omunye iklabishi, isithombo sebhitrudi, itheniphu, utamatisi, isithombo kanye nesithombo. Uma utshala amahlumela aseBrussels emva kwalesi sitshalo, ungakhohlwa ngokuvunwa okuhle.
Kubalulekile! Ngemuva kokulandela okubi, indawo yokutshala ama-Brussels amahlumela ngeke afaneleke eminye iminyaka emithathu..
Uma utshala amahlumela aseBrussels emva kwemifino, sideratov, amazambane, anyanisi, ukhukhamba noma okusanhlamvu, kanti ukudla okungeziwe akudingekile ukuba wenze inhlabathi. Lezi zitshalo ziyisimemezelo esihle kakhulu samahlumela aseBrussels.
Ukuphuza nokugqoka iklabishi
Ukucabangela umquba wezitshalo zaseBrussels, siqala ngencazelo yensimu, efanelwe nesitshalo. Ngempela, kuye ngokuthi umhlabathi kanye nenani lomanyolo kuzohluka.
Lesi siko asikho isidingo ku-substrate, kodwa kufanelekile ukuqoqa umhlabathi ovuthiwe we-loamy "ophefumula" kahle. Inhlabathi kufanele ibe nemanzi, kodwa ngesikhathi sesomiso iklabishi ayomile ngenxa yesakhiwo sezinsizi. Uma uhlela ukutshala ezweni elisha, kufanelekile ukwenza cishe ama-4-5 kg we-humus kumitha ngayinye yendawo yokuhlala, noma sebenzisa ukuxuba okulandelayo: urea, superphosphate, i-potassium chloride ne-nitroammophos.
Kubalulekile! Lezi zihlahla ziyisibopho sokungena emhlabathini ongasetshenziswanga, ngaphandle kwalokho amahlumela aseBrussels azonikeza isivuno esibi futhi angagula.
Ngemuva komanyolo, imibhede idonswa futhi iphuziswa ngekhambi le-potassium permanganate (1.5 g ngalinye ngamanzi amahlanu l). Enye indlela yokwelashwa yi-Fitosporin yezidakamizwa, esetshenziselwa amaviki amabili ngaphambi kokuphuma.
Kanti, izinsuku ezingu-10 emva kokutshala iklabishi, kuyadingeka ukuyidla nge-nitrogen fertilizer. (ungadluli, kungenjalo isitshalo sizofa). Ekupheleni kukaJulayi - Agasti, kufanele kusetshenziswe umquba wesibili wokugqoka ama-potassium phosphate fertilizer.
Ukunisela amahlumela aseBrussels kufanele kube okulinganayo. Esimo sezulu esishisayo, ungadlulisela isitshalo kancane kancane, ekunkcenkceseni okuphezulu kwemisipha kungashiywa. Ungadluli ngokweqile iklabishi, ngaphandle kwalokho uzohlangana nezimpande ezibola.
Ukulima nokuvula umhlabathi
Ngenkathi yokukhula, amahlumela aseBrussels aqhutshwa izikhathi eziningana ngendwangu encane yomhlaba (kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela ukuze angagcwalisi amakhekheji aphansi).
Kubalulekile! Ukuqinisa izitshalo ezide zibeka izitebhisi, ezibopha isitshalo.
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, lesi sitshalo siyakuthanda inhlabathi, edla ngokugcwele umoya-mpilo. Ngakho-ke, kuvamise kubalulekile ukukhulula umhlaba ukuze izimpande zesitshalo zingagcini.
Ukuvikelwa kwezinambuzane
Isivikelo ngokulwa nezinambuzane kubalulekile njengokunisela nokufaka umquba isitshalo. Uma kungekho ukwelashwa noma ukuvimbela izifo, ngeke uthole isivuno esifanele.
Amahlumela aseBrussels ayathinteka yizinambuzane ezifanayo njengeklabishi omhlophe. Ngakho-ke, uma i-Brussels ihluma futhi iklabishi omhlophe itshalwe esakhiweni, khona-ke i-prophylaxis kufanele yenziwe kuzo zombili izinhlobo.
Masibuyele ohlwini lwezilwane eziphazamisa isitshalo.
1. I-Cruciferous flea
Lezi zinambuzane zenza inetha lamaqabunga ekhishibishi, ziqubuzela izimbobo eziningi.
Isixazululo esilandelayo sizosiza ukuvikela kubo: 1 tbsp. l I-70% uviniga ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi. Ukucubungula isikhathi esanele.
Isixazululo sezinto eziphilayo ngethusi, esitshala phakathi kwemigqa.
2. Iklabishi fly
Amagobolondo asemasimini angakhiwe ngendlela engavamile enza inambuzane, abantu abadala abangabalimazi isitshalo. Izibungu zilimaza. Bafaka indiza emhlabathini eduze nesitshalo. I-Larvae ibhubhisa izitshalo ezincane ezinhlobonhlobo zakuqala.
Ukulwa nenambuzane kungcono ngaphambi kokushaya iklabishi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ufafaza inhlabathi ezungeze lesi sitshalo ngenhlanganisela (100 g wezinkuni umlotha, uthuli othuza ugwayi kanye no 1 l wepipi emhlabathini omnyama). Isisombululo sikagwayi sasisetshenziswa (200 g kagwayi ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi kanye nokwengezwa kwetafula le-1 litre). Isixazululo sikhihliziwe, sihlungiwe futhi sihlanzwa sonke isitshalo ngokwawo kanye nenhlabathi eseduze nayo.
Inketho yokulahlwa kwezidumbu ixubene nenhlabathi ngephepha le-wax, elizokwenza umkhawulo owengeziwe ku-inkathazo.
3. Ukubeka impahla nokuhamba
Ama-butterflies afaka amaqanda ohlangothini oluphambene neqabunga leklabishi. Izibungu ezihlaza ziqothula amaqabunga kanye neklabishi izinkwa.
Kubalulekile ukulwa nale nkathazo ngokushesha, ukuze isitshalo singabuni. Ungasebenzisa isisombululo sokhuni lomlotha (300 g lomlotha kanye ne-1 isipuni sesephu elimanzi ngamalitha ayishumi amanzi). Futhi ukunciphisa ukusabalala kwamacimbi okuhlaba umhlaba futhi ukhulule inhlabathi.
Okukhethwa kukho okulula kuyisibopho esihle, esihlanganiswe nezihlahla. Ngakho-ke, i-butterfly nje ngeke ikwazi ukubeka amaqanda emaqabunga.
4. Aphid
Wonke umuntu wazi kahle lezi zinambuzane, njengoba zithinta cishe zonke izitshalo engadini.
Ukulwa nama-aphid kufanele kube kanje: 150 g wezinkuni ash, 150 g kagwayi, 1 tbsp. l isobho elimanzi, 1 tbsp. l umhlabathi wesinaphi; Thela ingxube yamamitha angu-2-3 amanzi ashisayo (80-85˚С) futhi ukhuthaze usuku. Ngemuva kokuthi isixazululo singenele, sigcwele amalitha angu-7 amanzi futhi sihlungiwe. Ukwelashwa kwenziwa nsuku zonke izinsuku ezingu-3-4, ukuphalaza indawo ethintekile ngama-aphid. Futhi ekulweni nama-aphid, ezinye izindlela ezithandwayo nazo zifanelekile, ezingasetshenziswa kumahlumela aseBrussels.
5. Ama-Slugs kanye nemisinki
Lezi zinambuzane zingasuswa kalula ngokuzenzekelayo, noma kunjalo, uma izihlahla zihlaselwe kabi, ungasebenzisa izindlela ezidumile zokulawula izinambuzane. Ukubhubhisa imisipha kanye namashubhu, udinga ukulungisa ingxube: izipuni ezimbili zamapulangwe omhlaba, izipuni ezimbili zesinaphi, izipuni ezimbili zethusi no-500 g wezinkuni umlotha. Ngosuku olusenyameni, ufafaza inhlabathi ezungeze amahlumela aseBrussels, bese ukhululeka ngokushesha ku-4-5 cm. Ngosuku olufanayo, kusihlwa, baphathwa okwesibili (500 g umlotha + 1 isipuni sempepper). Ingxube iyafafazwa emzimbeni wesitshalo.
Ukucubungula kwenziwa ngezikhathi ezinsukwini ezingu-4-5.
Ukuvuna nokugcina
Siphendukela ekugcineni, lapho sichaza indlela yokuqoqa nokugcina amahlumela aseBrussels.
Izinhlobo zakuqala zezihlumela zaseBrussels zivunwa ngesikhathi, kamuva - ngezindlela ezingu-2-3. Uma ukuqoqa izinhloko ezivela ezinhlobonhlobo zakuqala, ngesonto elilodwa ngaphambi kokuvuna, ziqeda wonke amaqabunga ehlathini (ukusika isihlahla phansi, futhi kuphela lapho beqeda ukulala).
Kusukela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zokuvuna kwenzeka ngokuhlukile. Amaqabunga aqedwa kuphela kusukela ohlangothini lapho izinhloko zizoqoqwa khona. Njengoba ukuqoqwa kwenzeka ezinyathelweni eziningana, akunakwenzeka ukusika wonke amaqabunga ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Ukuhlanza kwenziwa ngo-September no-Okthoba. Uma isimo sezulu sihle, ke i-kochanchiki inqume ngokuqondile ehlathini, uma emgwaqweni kukhona izinga lokushisa elibi, bese usika izihlahla ngokuphelele. Ngemva kwalokho, izihlahla ezinamakhishibishi zidluliselwa emakamelweni ahlanzekile. Ungakwazi ukusika ama-cabbages njengoba kudingeka emasontweni amathathu. Ukushisa okukhulu kweklabishi isitoreji esingu-0 ° C kumswakama ka-95%. Ezimweni ezinjalo, iklabishi izolondolozwa cishe izinyanga ezi-2-2.5.
Ukwandisa ukushisa kweklabishi, ungaba nezihlahla ze-prikopat ezinamakhanda esihlabathini esisimanzi (kanye nezihlahla ukuze ususe izimpande) engaphansi.
Izinzuzo ze-Brussels amahlumela ezempilo yabantu
Ngakho sithuthela esigabeni sokugcina salesi sihloko, lapho uzokutshela khona ukuthi yiziphi izimfanelo ezizazisa amahlumela aseBrussels nokuthi kungani kufaneleka ukudla kaningi.
Amahlumela aseBrussels aqukethe izinto eziningi eziwusizo, njengezakhi zamavithamini B (B1, B2, B6, B9), i-vitamin C (okuqukethwe okuyiziningana izikhathi eziningana kuneklabishi evamile), i-vitamin PP ne-carotene. Iklabishi iqukethe riboflavin okuningi nemikhiqizo yobisi.
Ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwayo, amahlumela aseBrussels ahambisana nemithi.
Kubalulekile! Amajuba aseBrussels ahluma emigqumeni enkulu ithinta umzimba njenge-laxative.
Amahlumela eSok Brussels abuyisela ama-pancreas. Kuyasiza kakhulu kubantu abanesifo sikashukela. Ijusi inezimpikiswano eziphikisana nezifo, i-hematopoietic ne-anti-inflammatory.
Amahlumela aseBrussels akhuthaza ukuphulukisa ukulimala futhi abe nemiphumela emihle.
Kubalulekile! Amahlumela aseBrussels ayinconywa ukuba asetshenziswe ngokukhula kwe-asidi yesisu.
Futhi, amahlumela aseBrussels angadliwa yilabo abalandela amakholori noma abafuna ukunciphisa umzimba. 100 g iklabishi iqukethe 35 kcal kuphela. Ngakho-ke, u-1 kg wekhalori yemifino elingana ne-100 g yengulube.
Sitshele konke mayelana nokutshala amahlumela aseBrussels ekhaya, kuchaza imithetho yokugcinwa kanye nemodi yokunisela, yafundiswa ukutshala izithombo nokubhubhisa izinambuzane zezimila. Landela imithetho echazwe ngenhla, futhi ukwazi ukuthola isivuno esikhulu.
