Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, i-pear bekuyisihlahla somuthi esithandwa kakhulu. Lesi sihloko sizokusiza ukutshala ikhasi elihlukahlukene elithi "Elena" ngaphandle kwezinkinga futhi ujabulele izithelo zalo ezihlwabusayo.
Okuqukethwe:
- Izinzuzo nezimo ezihlukahlukene
- Izici zokutshala izinhlobo ze-pear "Elena"
- Lapho ukutshala
- Indlela yokukhetha nokulungisa indawo ngaphansi kwe-pear "Elena"
- Inqubo ngesinyathelo-sinyathelo sokutshala izithombo
- Izici ukunakekelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-pear "Elena"
- Indlela yokuwazisa amapheya
- Ukudla nini futhi kanjani
- Ukucwenga namapheya nini futhi kanjani
- Ngesikhathi sokuvuna nokuthi ungagcina kanjani izinhlobo zokuvuna 'u-Elena'
- Ukuphikiswa kwezinhlobo ze-pear "Elena" ezifweni nasezinambuzane
Izinhlamvu eziphakathi kwelaba "Elena"
Iphakathi kwe "Elena" iyinhlobo ehlukahlukene yasebusika. Lesi yisihlahla esincane esifana nomkhiqizo we-pyramidal. Izithelo zikhula zilinganisa kuze kube ngu-190 g, umbala ophuzi okhanyayo. Ukunambitheka kuyamnandi futhi kuyomuncu futhi kuncane kakhulu. Ukukhiqiza okuvela esihlahleni esisodwa - kufika ku-40 kg. Le ncazelo yezinto ezihlukahlukene ze-"Elena" izokusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi uzitshala yini engadini yakho noma cha.
Uyazi? AmaGreki asendulo asinda ekuguleni kokuhamba ngesikhathi sokuhamba kolwandle ngosizo lwamapheya. Baqhubeka befaka izingcezu zalezi zithelo ezinomsoco, futhi ukubonakaliswa kokugula kokuhamba kwehlile.
Kubalulekile futhi ukusho mayelana nama-pear pollinators. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezihlahla zezithelo ezidinga ukutshala ezinye izinhlobo endaweni. Bayobavolisa.
Pear "Elena" ayidingi impova. Le ndawo ibizwa self-fertility. Ngakho, lezi ezihlukahlukene zibeka izithelo ngokuzimela.
Izinzuzo nezimo ezihlukahlukene
Njengazo zonke izitshalo, izinhlobo eziphakathi kwe-"Elena" inezinzuzo nezinkinga zayo.
Izinzuzo:
- Ukunambitha okuhle kwesithelo;
- Ukumelana nesithwathwa;
- Isivuno esikhulu;
- Ukuphikiswa kwezifo ze-fungal;
- Ukuphikisa ukukhwabanisa;
- Ukubonakala kwesithelo;
- Egcinwe esiqandisini izinyanga ezine;
- Ukuvuthwa kwebusika.
Izinkinga zalezi zihlukahlukene zincane:
- Ngesivuno esikhulu, izithelo aziyona eyodwa-ntathu;
- Isilinganiso se-hardiness sasebusika.
Uyazi? AmaShayina, athi "fen li", asho enye yezinto ezimbili: ingxenye noma wabelane ngepeyari. Ngakho-ke, inkolelo-ze yamaShayina yasendulo ithi awukwazi ukwabelana ngepeyari, ukuhlukaniswa okuhlukile kungenakugwemeka.
Izici zokutshala izinhlobo ze-pear "Elena"
Lapho ukutshala
Pear "Elena" etshalwe ekwindla noma entwasahlobo. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukutshala kwekwindla kwenziwa engxenyeni yokuqala ka-Okthoba, ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa, kanti intwasahlobo iwela ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, lapho amaqhwa esedlulile.
Kunengqondo ukucacisa ukuthi ezindaweni eziseningizimu zezwe ukutshala ekwindla kuyazuzisa ngoba ukusikwa kwe-sapling kungase kungabi nezimpande ehlobo elishisayo. Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho kufanele zitshalwe amaphuzu entwasahlobo, njengobusika obubandayo isitshalo sizofa.
Indlela yokukhetha nokulungisa indawo ngaphansi kwe-pear "Elena"
Ngaphambi kokutshala, khetha indawo yepeyari. Kumele kukhishwe ilanga, kodwa hhayi kushisa, kuyilapho kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi umoya ogcwele umphuzi wamanzi uyoba nomthelela omubi esitshalweni futhi uzoqala ukubola. Engadini, leli peyari kumele lihlwanyelwe eningizimu, noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga, noma ngasentshonalanga.
Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba akufanele abe ngaphezu kwamamitha amabili. Inhlabathi enamandla ene-clayy ngeke isebenze i-pear "Elena", ngoba ayikubekezeli umswakama owedlulele.
Sinqume ukuthi uyakuthanda i-pear, ngakho-ke siya ekulungiseleleni isayithi lokutshala.
I-Pit iqale ukubandakanya ekwindla, ngisho noma benquma ukutshala ipheya entwasahlobo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngesikhathi sebusika umgodi uzohlala, futhi emva kokutshala ngeke kudingekile ukuba ukhathazeke ngokuthi "ukuguqulwa" kwenhlabathi.
Kubalulekile! Depthing intamo impande yomuthi weperezi iyingozi.
Uma unquma ukutshala ikhasi eliwusizo, kufanele ulungise umhlabathi ngesonto ngaphambi kokutshala. Ukujula komgogodla kuxhomeke ekumpandeni kwesithombo. Kufanele ibe ngu-50 cm, futhi ububanzi bube ngamamitha.
Ungase futhi umbe umgodi ojulile. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kugcwaliswe umgodi ngomhlabathi ovuthiwe obungu-3 cm, ozoxubaniswa nge-humus, noma i-peat, noma nge-superphosphate.
Kubalulekile! Gwema umquba we-nitrogen, ungathinta kakhulu umuthi wesithelo.
Umgogodla uqhutshwa phakathi kwegodini, ngoba leli peyari lingakwazi ukubola ngaphandle kwe-garter. Umgogodla ukhululiwe, futhi izimbobo zenziwe ezindongeni zomgodi, okuzokwenza ngcono ukushintshaniswa kwemoya futhi kuzokwenza ukukhula kwenqubo yempande.
Inqubo ngesinyathelo-sinyathelo sokutshala izithombo
Manje kuyadingeka ukutshela ngokutshala isithombo emgodini.
- Kudingekile ukufeza ukulungiswa kwe-sapling. Umuthi ugobile izimpande ezinamandla futhi ezinamandla kuze kufike ku-12 cm futhi uqedwe ngokuphelele. Manje ukuthi isitsha samanzi sinamathela eqondile, kufanele kufakwe ebhaketheni lamanzi ihora.
- Umhlabathi owomile kusuka emgodini uxubene nomlotha ngokulinganisa kwe-1: 1 futhi kuhlanjululwa ngamanzi. Ukungafani kwenhlanganisela kufanele kufane nekhilimu omuncu kakhulu. Gubungula izimpande zokutshala kule nhlanganisela.
- Khipha umhlaba phansi emgodini bese ubeka amaqanda ayishumi eluhlaza phansi. Bese ugcwalisa umgodi ngenhlanganisela yomhlaba nomlotha bese ufafaza ngomhlabathi owomile.
- Sihlwanyela isiflethi. Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi intamo yempande isesimweni sezingqimba zomhlabathi. Ungafaka ibha phansi kwegodi noma wenze uphawu emgodini. Lokhu kuzosiza ekusunguleni isithombo ngendlela efanele, ngaphandle kokujula intamo yomsamo.
- Ngemuva kwalokho, sigcwalisa umgodi ngomhlaba ukuze umuthi uzinzile. Sifaka amaqanda amaningi eduze nomjikelezo. Emva kwalokhu, umgodi ugcwele umhlaba "ngendunduma". Leli gquma lizohlala ngemva kokunisela.
- Sika iziqongqo zephezulu nge-pitch engadini noma ingxube yomhlaba nomlotha.
- Umgogodla uboshelwe isikhonkwane, kodwa hhayi ukuhudula.
- I-pear ehlwanyelayo idlulisa amabhakede amabili amanzi.
- Umbuthano we-Pristvolny uhlanganiswe ne-peat, sawdust, umquba noma iphepha.
Kubalulekile! Amaqanda aphelele angashintshwa ngamagobolondo amaqanda.
Izici ukunakekelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-pear "Elena"
Emva kokutshala amapheya kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukunakekelwa okufanele kwesihlahla. Phela, lokhu kuyisiqinisekiso sokuvunwa okuhle.
Indlela yokuwazisa amapheya
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, umuthi uthanda umswakama, ngakho kufanele ucabange ngesistimu yokuchelela amapheya, "Helena". Okuhle kakhulu - ukufafaza. Ngakho amanzi angena esitshalweni sonke ngokusebenzisa izimbobo eziningi ezincane.
Ungenza futhi umcibisholo omncane we-12-centimeter nxazonke. Ukunisela kufanele kwenziwe izikhathi eziningana ehlobo nasekuseni. Uma kwenzeka ukushisa, kudingekile ukuphuza i-pear kaningi
Into eyinhloko ukukhumbula ukuthi umuthi udinga ukuchelela okuhle, kodwa akufanele futhi ukhohlwe ngobunzima bebusika we-pear "u-Elena". Uma lesi sitshalo singakutholi kahle umswakama ehlobo futhi sinike isivuno esihle, kusho ukuthi isitshalo siphelile. Lezi zihlahla ziphikisana kancane neqhwa.
Uyazi? Ngokumangazayo, ikhasi elimnandi, elinomsoco namnandi lisiza ukwenza amazinyo akho aqine. Konke mayelana nama-microelements. Iphayari iqukethe i-calcium yemvelo kanye ne-phosphorus, okwenza ndawonye, iqinisa izinyosi zamazinyo.
Ukudla nini futhi kanjani
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kungenye yezinyathelo eziyinhloko ekubhekaneni nekhwalithi ephakeme ye-pear Helena.
Ukuze unqume ukuthi yini okudingayo ukuze ukondle umuthi, ungabheka ukubukeka kwawo.
- Uma amaqabunga aphakathi kwamehlo abonakala engathuthuki, kusho ukuthi isitshalo asinakho i-nitrogen;
- Ukuguga okuncane nokunciphisa ukumelana nesithwathwa kuyisibonakaliso se-nitrogen eyengeziwe;
- Ukuwa kwamahlumela engxenyeni engezansi yomuthi nokugcinwa kwamahlumela efihlekile kungukuntuleka kwe-phosphorus.
- Umbala obomvu wamaqabunga kanye nokuma kwawo okusheshayo yizibonakaliso zokuntuleka kwe-potassium;
- Uma amaqabunga avela emaqabunga, okuholela ekufeni kwalezi zindawo, kungukuntuleka kwe-calcium.
Kubalulekile! Ukutshala umuthi wesithelo kuyadingeka uma ukhula enhlabathini evundile.
Ukunciphisa ngisho nenhlabathi ecebile kunawo wonke ocebile kungathinta ukuvuthwa nokuqina. Ukuze uphinde usebenzise izindlela ezahlukene ngokuya ngohlobo lwepeyari.
Abanye balimi banikela izakhi ekwindla. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba ulungiselele eliphakathi kwebusika futhi unikeze inhlabathi ngawo wonke izakhi ngesikhathi sokubusika. Yenza ekwindla ukugqoka emva kokuvuna.
Abanye abalimi basebenzisa umanyolo entwasahlobo. Lokhu kudla kuhloswe ngokubuyiselwa okujwayelekile kwesihlahla kusukela ekubambeni.
Ingakwazi ukulungisa ngokuthula ngenkathi ekhulayo. Futhi kusiza ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuvuna esizayo.
Uyazi? Elinye ikhasi eliqukethe i-20% yemfuneko yansuku zonke ye-fiber, u-10% we-vitamin C no-6% we-potassium.
Ukuze unqume uhlobo lomanyolo, kufanele uthembele kwimingcele elandelayo:
- Ubudala;
- Ukubukeka;
- Isikhathi sonyaka;
- Uhlobo lomhlabathi
Kufanele futhi ungakhohlwa mayelana nokudla kwama-foliar. Umanyolo yisisombululo sezakhi. Iqukethe isisombululo se-2% se-potassium sulfate.
Isixazululo se-Urea kufanele siphambwe ngamapayipi ayishumi nambili emva kokuqedwa kwezimbali. Siphinde uphinde ngemva kwamasonto amabili.
Ungasebenzisa ukudla okunzima, isibonelo, ammophos, nitrophos, nitrophoska kanye ne-nitroammophos.
Ngaphandle kwama-macro-umquba kudingeka kwenziwe ama-fertilizer. Ngosizo lwabo, inhlabathi ihlotshiswe nge-iron, manganese, i-zinc, njll. Bakhetha ngokusekelwe ekubunjweni kwenhlabathi.
Ungenza umquba oqukethe i-phosphorus, i-nitrogen ne-potassium.
Kubalulekile! Qaphela ngezindaba eziphilayo, njengoba kungaholela ekushiseni okukhulu kwezinkuni.
Ukucwenga namapheya nini futhi kanjani
Ukudubula eliphakathi kwe "Elena" kwenziwa entwasahlobo, ehlobo nasebusika. Le nqubo ithuthukisa ikhwalithi yesithelo, ilawula ukuhluma nokukhula komuthi, ithuthukise ukukhanya kwamacembe. Ukudubula kusiza ukukhulisa isihlahla odinga ukukhula ngesiqu esinamandla esingamelana nesisindo esikhulu sesitshalo.
Ukusika izihlahla kwenziwa emva kwamaqhwa aqinile.
Ukunciphisa imithetho
- Sebenzisa i-blade pruner ebukhali kule nqubo. Ukuze izihlahla ezinkulu zidinga ukuthatha i-hacksaw. Ngemuva kokusika, wonke amathuluzi engadini awanqanyuliwe ngotshwala.
- I-trunk ephakathi ncishiswe ngenye yesine. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukwakhela indebe eboshiwe esikhathini esizayo.
- Ukunciphisa kwenziwa ngezinga lokushisa elingaphansi kwe-5 ° С .
- Ngemuva kwenqubo, lezi zingcezu zihlanganiswe ngenhlanganisela elandelayo: i-linseed yamafutha, upende wamafutha, i-pitch pitch no-Rannet.
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokunciphisa. Okokuqala: uthathe phansi kwesigatshana. Ukuze ungamhlukumezi amagxolo, ukunqunywa kwenziwa ngezansi, bese-ke-gash enkulu ephezulu. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukusheshisa kokukhula kwamahlumela asetshenziselwa ukuvuthwa kanye nokuvuswa kwamafihlethi angaphansi kwezicucu. Ngaphambi kokusika izihlahla, akuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa umanyolo we-nitrogen.
Ukusika kahle kwesihlahla kuzokuvumela i-pear ukuba iqale ukunikeza isivuno esihle, futhi zonke izindawo zokusika zizokhula.
Ukusika izihlobo kuhlobo lokuphuza. Ehlobo, amahlumela akhula asuswa eziqongweni zemithi.
Manje kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi ukuphika nini nokuthi kuzoba yini ukusabela kwepeyari:
- Ukunamathisela ngo-June. Ukusika okunjalo kuholela ekubambezelekeni ekukhuleni kwamahlumela, kodwa kunomthelela ekwakheni okusha. Kubalulekile ukukhumbuza ukuthi ukuphoqa kunomthelela omubi ngesikhathi sokukhula samapheya, futhi lokhu kuthinta ubusika.
- Ukunamathisela ekupheleni kokunciphisa ukukhula. It ngcono ukuvuthwa kwamahlumela.
Ukusika okunjalo kwenzeka kusukela ekuqaleni kukaNovemba kuya kuMashi, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi umuthi uphumule. Ukusika okunjalo kwenziwa nge-pruner. Kususwe isiphambano esiphambene, esibuthakathaka, esifile.
Ukusika amagatsha amakhulu udinga ukuvula phakathi kwesihlahla. Ukusika izihlahla kuyadingeka kuphela uma ufuna ukususa ukuphakama kwesihlahla bese ususa amagatsha asakazekayo. Ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi lezi zingcezu ziphulukisa ngokushesha futhi zingafaki ebusika, sebenzisa i-pruner oyinyumba futhi, ngemva kokudubula, phatha lezi tincetu nge-pitch pitch.
Uyazi? EYurophu, amaqabunga aphakathi kwamapayipi ayebhema, bese kuthi lapho kufika ugwayi.
Ngesikhathi sokuvuna nokuthi ungagcina kanjani izinhlobo zokuvuna 'u-Elena'
Abalimi abaningi basebenzisa lezi zici ezilandelayo ukuze baqale ukuvuna izithelo eziphakathi kwesikhumba:
- Umbala wesikhumba;
- Amandla okunamathiswa kwe-Fetal;
- Umbala, ukunambitheka kanye ne-flavour ye-pulp.
Ukuvuna amapheya "Elena" wehlele ngo-Okthoba. Ngakho, kusukela kule nyanga, ungaqala ukuhlola amapheya okuvuthwa nokuvuna.
Emva kokuqoqa amapheya, kufanele afakwe endaweni emnyama nepholile yokuvuthwa. Indawo enjalo kumele ihlelwe ngaphambi kokuhlanzeka futhi ifakwe umoya.
Kulesi gumbi udinga ukugcina izinga lokushisa elihle kanye nomswakama. Ebusika, izinga lokushisa kufanele lifike ku-3 ° C, futhi umswakama wekamelo - 85%.
Umswakama okweqile noma ukushisa okuphakeme kwenza ukuba amapayipi avule ngokushesha. Uma izinga lokushisa liphansi futhi umoya usomile, amapheya ayaphela futhi alahlekelwe yi-juiciness.
Amapheya kufanele afakwe emabhokisini akhethekile, njengoba isitoreji phansi siholela ekuboleni. Amabhokisi kufanele abe umoya omuhle. Ebusika, udinga ukulungisa amashalofu. Amapheya ahlelwe phezu kwemisila bese efafazwa nge-chips.
Kubalulekile! Ungabeki ezinye izitshalo zezithelo eduze kwamapheya.
Susa amapayipi angcolile futhi abolile.
Ukuphikiswa kwezinhlobo ze-pear "Elena" ezifweni nasezinambuzane
Pear "Elena" imelana nezifo ezihlukahlukene fungal, ikakhulukazi isikhumba noma Septoria.
Izifo
- Umdlavuza omnyama (uthola amaqabunga nezithelo, ngezinye izikhathi i-cortex ngokwayo, okuyindlela eyingozi);
- Izithelo ukubola (kubonakala ngesimo sokubola esiqhingini, sisakazeka ngokushesha).
Izinambuzane
- I-Aphid (iholela ekuthuthukiseni amaqabunga nokuqedwa kwayo ngokushesha);
- I-pear moth (iyanciphisa izinga lokuthuthukiswa kwayo yonke umuthi futhi idle uginindela we-pear ngaphakathi);
- I-pear mite (amaqabunga aphendukile, ahlasele futhi afe).
Izindlela zokulawula
- Umdlavuza omnyama Ngasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, gcoba isiqu. Sula amahlamvu ashintshiwe nge-Bordeaux liquid. Ukubhubhisa amaqabunga awile nezithelo ezibolile.
- Izithelo zibola. Ukusika kabili ngokususwa kwamagatsha omisiwe kanye nokufa kanye nezithelo ezibolile.
- Ama-aphid ahlaza. Ungasebenzisa ukuphalaza komlotha nomoya. 300 g lomlotha ubilisiwe ngamalitha angu-10 wamanzi kanye no-40-50 g isepha.
- I-Pear moth. Khipha phakathi kwemigqa nemibuthano yomuthi. Yenza entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Izicupho zePheromone nazo zingasetshenziswa. Ukusika izihlahla njalo. Ama-insecticide angasetshenziswa futhi.
- I-Pear mite Qoqa amaqabunga awele futhi awonakele bese ushisa. Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa ukufiphala - 0,2% Decis no-Inta-Vir.
Uyazi? Ngekhulu le-18, leli peyari lalibizwa nangokuthi "izithelo zamafutha" ngenxa yokuthungwa kwayo okunamandla, okunamandla.
I-Pear Helena inezimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu kunezinto ezimbi. Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna ukujabulela izithelo zamanzi zesithelo esiseduze noNyaka Omusha, wenzelwe wena.