Umbuzo wokukhula kwamakhabezi ezweni uqala ukubaluleka. Le berry iyindlu yokugcina izakhi. Iqukethe amavithamini kanye nezici ezilandelanayo eziwusizo ekushukela kwesifo sikashukela, izifo zesimiso senhliziyo, isibindi nezinso, ungasho ukuthi yisithelo esiphundu kakhulu. Njengakho konke okunye, ikhave ekhulile esakhiweni sakho iyoba nenzuzo kakhulu kunokwathengiwe.
Uyazi? I-Watermelon ayiyona iberry, ikakhulukazi yi-fruit-berry yemifino yemifino. Isibonelo sebheki elifanayo yi-utamatisi. Lesi sithelo yi-berry yemifino yemifino.
Indlela yokukhulisa izithombo zamakhabe
Njengoba wazi, uma utshala imbewu ye-watermelon emhlabathini ovulekile kakhulu kakhulu, ngeke ukwazi ukuvuna imbewu - imbewu izovele ibole ngenxa yokushisa komhlabathi okunganele, futhi uma iphuzile kakhulu, ngeke ibe nesikhathi sokuvuthwa ngaphambi kokuphela kwesikhathi esifudumele. Indlela yokuphuma kwesimo sezulu izoba ukukhethwa kwezihlobo ezifanele noma hybrid, kulandelwa izitshalo zokufakelwa.
Ukukhula endaweni yokushisa
Njengoba ama-watermelon abathanda ukukhanya, akufanele kube khona izihlahla kanye nezihlahla eduze kwe-greenhouse. Izithombo zizohlala lapha cishe inyanga ngaphambi kokutshala amakhabe emhlabathini ovulekile. Ngalesi sikhathi, izitshalo akufanele zithinteke emoyeni abandayo, ngakho-ke, kususe lokhu kusengaphambili. Kuyafaneleka ukuqala umsebenzi phakathi entwasahlobo. Lungisa i-substrate efanelekile. Ngokwehlukile kokuqala, thatha umhlaba izithombo nama-humus (1: 3) bese ufaka umquba nge nitrogen ne-potassium (isigamu sezipuni) kanye nezinkezo ezintathu zamanyolo nge-phosphorus. Kule nguqulo yesibili, engeza ibhodlela le-potassium sulfate kanye nengilazi yokhuni ebhakeni lomhlabathi.
Ukuze ukhule kahle izithombo zamakhabe, qala ukhethe imbewu efanelekile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, zibophe nge-brine. Imbewu ehlwanyelweyo ilungele ukuhluma. Hlanganisa ngamanzi, bese ugoba isigamu sehora ngesisombululo sama-manganese futhi uphinde ungene emanzini. Manje imizuzu engu-10-30, shiya imbewu emanzini ashisayo (izinga lokushisa cishe ngo-50-55 ° C), bese uhluma esigabeni "naklevyvaniya".
Isinyathelo esilandelayo sizobe sehlela ezindaweni ezihlukene, ezigcwele isigamu (cishe ngo-10 cm enelwini lesiphambano) kuya ku-2 kuya ku-4 cm. Ngaphambi kokuhluma, gcina izinga lokushisa olufunayo: ntambama ezingeni lika-23- + 25 ° С, nasebusuku - 18 ° С. Ngemuva kokuthi amahlumela abonakala, izinsuku ezingu-4-6 kuyadingeka ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa kuze kube nenani elivamile lika-18 ° С. Esikhathini esizayo, gcina izinkomba zokushisa ezingeni lika-20- + 25 ° С emini kanye no-16- + 18 ° С ebusuku.
Qinisekisa ukuthi kukhona isikhala esanele phakathi kweziqukathi nezitshalo azithinti amaqabunga. Nikeza ukukhanya okwanele: sebenzisa izibani zamahora angu-12-14 nsuku zonke. Namanzi izithombo kuphela ngamanzi afudumele, hhayi njalo, kodwa ngobuningi. Zama ukungabi emaqabunga.
Uma kunezinsuku ezingu-10-12 ezisele ngaphambi kokutshala, qhubeka nokuqina kwezithombo bese uvula i-greenhouse amahora ama-1.5-2, kancane kancane ukwandisa inani lamahora. Ngaphambi kokutshala kuyadingeka ukuthi ushiye i-greenhouse evulekile usuku.
Kubalulekile! Uma utshala enhlabathini, ubeke imbewu eceleni. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuvela kwegciwane kugobolondo, kodwa akudingeki ukuba ukhulise imbewu. Izithombo azisho.
Ukukhula ekhaya
Izithombo ezikhulayo ekhaya zifana nokukhula kokushisa. Sidinga i-substrate efanayo kanye nokulungiselela imbewu efanayo. Ngemva kokutshala ezimbizeni, kufanele kuvalwe ifilimu yeplastiki, futhi ngemva kokuhluma, kungcono ukubeka amahlumela kumafasitela aseningizimu, lapho kukhona khona ukukhanya okungaphezulu. Awukho umehluko ekushiseni okudingekayo nezimo ezilula.
Ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile (izinsuku ezingu-7-10), izithombo kufanele futhi zibe nzima, ngoba lokhu kuzodingeka ukhiphe izitshalo bese uhlehlisa izinga lokushisa kuya ku- + 15- + 17 ° С emini kanye no-12- + 15 ° С ebusuku.
Ukukhetha indawo yokutshala amakhabe
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi indawo yokutshala amavangeloni ivuliwe kahle. Lesi sitshalo singcono kakhulu, inhlabathi enesihlabathi noma enesihlabathi, mhlawumbe engathathi hlangothi noma i-alkaline. Okufanelekayo eningizimu, eningizimu-ntshonalanga yesayithi. Ngenxa yezimpawu ezicacile zesistimu yempande, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba kumele ahlale ejulile. Futhi unakekele ukuvikelwa emimoyeni ebandayo.
Kubalulekile! Awu, uma ngaphambi kwamakhabethe, izithelo zommbila, ukolweni webusika, iklabishi noma ummbila wawukhula ensimini. Akusiluleka ukutshala emva kwamakhabe, utamatisi noma ukhukhamba.
Indlela yokufakelwa izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile
Ubuchwepheshe bokuvuthwa kwamakhabe ensimini kuhlinzekela ukutshala umhlabathi kusukela ekuwa, okunye okusetshenziswa kuwo ama-humus noma enye imanyolo ephilayo. Ngentwasahlobo, uhlala nje ukumba kahle indawo (okungenani u-30 cm ejulile). Ungakwazi futhi ukudala imibhede nge-slope eningizimu, ubude buka-15 cm. Izimbobo ezinezilinganiso zemitha eyodwa, elisekude ngamamitha angama-1 nengxenye ukusuka komunye nomunye.
Uma isikhathi sifika ngaphandle kwama-cold frosts (ngokuvamile ukuphela kwentwasahlobo), kanti izitshalo zizoba namaqabunga ama-3-4 kakade akhiwe, ungakwazi ukutshala izithombo endaweni evulekile. Ngaphambi kokunyakazela kahle futhi ngemva kwalowo ndawo kukhona isitshalo esinomphetho womhlaba, ama-prikopite, kodwa amaqabunga e-cotyledon kufanele ahlale phezulu. Esikhathini esithile, ngaphambi kokubuyiselwa, ama-saplings kufanele abe shaded.
Ochwepheshe abaningi batusa okokuqala ngemuva kokutshala, kanye nobusuku obubandayo, ukumboza izithombo ze-watermelon ngaphansi kwefilimu, lobu buchwepheshe bukuvumela ukuba uvikele amahlumela amathenda kusuka ku-hypothermia.
Imithetho Yokunakekelwa Kwe-Watermelon
Emva kokufakelwa kwesitshalo kumele kulandelwe imithetho elula yokunakekela isitshalo, khona-ke kuyojabulisa ukuvunwa okucebile.
Ukushisa nokukhanyisa
I-Watermelon isitshalo esinothando lokushisa. Ukuphila okusebenzayo, ukukhulelwa kwama-ovari, izinga lokushisa akufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-25 ° C. Kakade ngo-15 ° C, ukuthuthuka kwehlisa, futhi ngokupholisa okubukhali, isitshalo singagula futhi sife. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ifilimu ekhonjiwe ngaphambilini isetshenziselwa ukuvikela ikhabe. Isici esibaluleke ngokufanayo ukukhanyisa - ungafihli izitshalo. Uma kwenzeka isimo sezulu sezulu sezulu, ukuvota impova kungase kube nzima nakakhulu. Esimweni esinjalo, mane nje uthinte ezinye iziqu ngezimbali.
Umswakama nokuphuza
Ukuze unakekele ngokufanele ama-watermelon akufanele uwaphuze kaningi, kepha ukuchelela kufanele kube nokuningi. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ukwethulwa kwamanzi kufanele kwenzeke kanye kanye emva kwezinsuku ezingu-3-4, futhi lapho kuqala amajikijolo okuvuthwa, ukuthola izithelo ezinomsoco, umswakama wenhlabathi kufanele wehliswe kube ngu-70-75% futhi ukuphuza kumile (ngaphandle kokungabikho kwemvula okungaphezu kwenyanga). Ukunisela emanzini, amanzi kufanele afudumele.
Umanyolo womhlabathi
Emva kokutshala, linda amasonto amabili, bese usondla izitshalo nge-ammonium nitrate, i-mullein noma i-droppings yenkukhu. Ama-fertilizer asetshenziswe ngesikhathi esilandelayo ngenkathi ukwakhiwa kwe-efihlekile. Thatha i-calcium chloride, i-ammonium nitrate, i-superphosphate ngesilinganiso se-1: 1: 1.5.
Nini ukuvuna
Ngokuvamile, ikhadini livuthwa izinsuku ezingu-30 ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwama-ovari. Mayelana nokuvuthwa kwayo kuzokutshela ukuthi ukoma kwesibindi, ukuwa kwezinwele ze-stem, ukukhanya kwamagxolo. Futhi phawula umbala we-pulp kanye nembewu. Kuwuphawu lwesimo ngasinye futhi kuzosiza ekutholeni isimo sokuvuthwa kokuqala.
Ama-watermelon avunwa ngokukhetha, njengoba ekhula, kodwa agcwalise ukuhlanza ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa.
Uyazi? Ukurekhoda kwe-watermelon enkulu kunqunywe ngo-1994. I-berry enesisindo esingaba ngu-69 kg yatshalwe eChina (esifundazweni saseHeilongjiang).
Izithelo zommangaliso, indlela yokukhulisa i-watermelon square
Lesi simangaliso sakhiwa eJapane kuma-80s ekhulwini lokugcina. Isikwele, noma esikhundleni se-velon cubic singakhiwa kusuka amajikijolo kunoma yiziphi izinhlobo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, uzodinga i-cube elinganisa 20 × 20 × 20, eyenziwe yento ebonakalayo, njengeplastiki. Ehlangothini elingenhla kufanele kube nomgodi mayelana no-3 cm. Uhlangothi oluseduze kufanele lususwe. Ezingxenyeni nazo zidinga izimbobo ezinama-5-8 mm.
Lapho ikhaphu likhula lilingana nebhola elincane - libeke ku-cube, bese udlula umgodi odongeni oluphezulu. Ukwandisa, i-berry igcwalisa isitsha bese ithatha ifomu eliyi-cubic. Kodwa, njengoba kunzima ukubikezela ubukhulu bezithelo, kuvame ukudingeka ukuba ususe esitsheni uma kungavuthi, noma kungavuthwa ekuqaleni futhi ngeke kuvuleke ngokuphelele.
Kunoma yikuphi, lokhu kuyindlela ethandwa kakhulu futhi engavamile ngezikhathi ezikhethekile.
Uqoqwe ulwazi olujwayelekile mayelana nokwandisa ikhabe ensimini. Nakuba ngesimo sezulu sethu akuwona umsebenzi olula, kodwa kungenzeka ngempela. Uma ubhekene nazo zonke izinkinga, maduze uzokwazi ukujabulela lesi sithelo esimangalisayo esakhiweni sakho siqu.
