Lesi sitshalo sivame ukubhekwa njengesiphuzo, hhayi ngisho nokusola ukuthi singakhula ngempumelelo emibhedeni yaso.
Izinzuzo nokuthokozisa ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu ukuthi i-asparagus inezinhlobo ezingenakuqhathaniswa nanoma yini enye.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isivuno sokuqala se-asparagus yangempela siphumelele kusukela ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, ngoba amahlumela awo amancane asetshenziswa njengokudla.
Kodwa-ke, nge-asperagus yangempela, abantu abaningi baqonda ubhontshisi obusakaziwe obuvamile ezweni lakithi, okuyinto empeleni i-capsicum ejwayelekile, idliwa kuphela kanye ne-asparagus, ifomu elisha.
Ukuze usebenzise abalandeli kanye ne-asparagusi nobhontshisi be-asparagus, tshela ngezici ezikhulayo zokukhula kanye nokuthi, nesinye isitshalo.
Sikhula isilimo esinamagatsha anamanzi ensimini yethu: yini okudingeka ukwazi nokuthi uzoqala kuphi?
Ukulungiselela ukutshala isilimo se-asparagusi: khetha inhlabathi futhi uyisebenze
Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukutshala i-asparagus, kuzomele uzijwayele ngezici zalesi sitshalo. Eqinisweni, akuyona into engavamile kithi, futhi lokhu "okungavamile" kulandelayo:
- Ubhekene nezitshalo ezingenakuzithoba ezingakwazi ukubekezelela kalula ukushisa okubandayo. Esifomini somdala sinokufana okufana nefern, usayizi ufinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-1.5.
- Uhlelo lwe-asparagus olushiywe ebusika ensimini evulekile alonakaliswa yiqhwa, ngisho nase--30ºС, kodwa intwasahlobo yomswakama iyingozi ngenxa yamahlumela awo aluhlaza (okudliwa). Ukulimala kubonakala ezitshalweni ngisho nase -5 ºC.
- Ngemuva kwebusika, izitshalo ziqala ukuvuka kuphela lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya liqala ukukhuphuka kancane kuya ku -10 ºС. Phakathi kwezithelo zasehlobo zivela ezigwini nasemaceleni ama-asparagus.
- I-Asparagus ikhule ngaphandle kokushintshaniswa kwezitshalo, ngoba ingakhula endaweni eyodwa cishe iminyaka engu-15. Izindawo eziphakeme kakhulu eziphakanyisiwe ezingabhekwa yimidwebo nemimoya ebandayo. Kungcono ukukhetha intaba encane nenetha elingeningizimu.
- Naphezu kokungahloniphi isimo sezulu, ukukhula kwesitshalo kudinga ukuhlinzeka umhlaba ovundile. Ngokuyinhloko, amashlabathi ase-sandy angcono kakhulu okwakhiwa kwawo.
- Njengendawo yokutshala i-asparagus, abalimi abanolwazi nabalimi bayelulekwa ukuba bathathe izindawo ezazingenwe ngaphambili ezindlini zokugcina izithombo noma izindawo zokuzalanisa. Futhi, inhlabathi esusiwe ekukhunjweni kuyoba nesicebo se-asparagus, ngoba ungqimba olunamandla kakhulu we-humus ngokuvamile luqoqa ezindaweni ezinjalo.
Uma ngabe sithole uhlobo luni lomhlabathi olukhethwa yi-asparagus, konke okusele ukuqala ukukulungisa ngqo.
Ikakhulukazi, indawo edingekayo isalokhu ihlaselwe ngokucophelela futhi ngokujulile ekwindla. It is umquba ngokusebenzisa umquba obolile noma non-acidic peat umquba. Ungasebenzisa futhi i-superphosphate, uchithe cishe amagremu angu-50-60 kumitha ngayinye yekwele.
Esikhathini sasekuseni, isayithi lizodinga ukulimaza, kanye nokudla okwengeziwe. Ikakhulukazi, cishe amagremu angu-20 e-ammonium nitrate futhi kusuka ku-20 kuya kwangu-30 amagremu we-potassium chloride kuzodingeka wengezwe endaweni engama-1m2.
Lezi zinsuku zingabuye zishintshwe ngomuthi (cishe amagremu angu-60 endaweni efanayo). Futhi, kubalulekile ukulawula ukuthi akukho ukhula oluvela esakhiweni.
Sihlanganyela ekuhlwanyeleni imbewu yesikhumba se-asparagus: kanjani ukuqinisekisa izithombo ezinokwethenjelwa?
Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, imbewu kufanele isetshenziswe, ngaphandle kwalokho izithombo zingabonakali.
Kodwa-ke, kufanele uqaphele ukuthi i-asparagus ingahlonywa ngempumelelo ngama-rhizomes, noma kunjalo, kunzima kakhulu ukuthola.
Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukukhulisa izithombo zakho, okuzokwenzeka esikhathini esizayo.
Imbewu okufanayo ukuhluma kudinga indwangu kanye nehora ithunyelwe kwisisombululo se-potassium permanganateukufuthelwa ku-40ºС.
Ngemva kokuhlanza imbewu ngamanzi ahlanzekile, asele emathisheni amanzi ngezinsuku ezingu-5-6.
Uma uzigcina ekushiseni kwama-20 kuya ku-28 ºС futhi uhlale unyakazisa indwangu lapho imbewu ihlanganiswe khona, maduzane izohluma futhi ilungele ukutshala emhlabathini ovulekile.
Nini futhi ngokuvumelana naluphi uhlelo olwakhula imbewu yesikhumba se-asparagus etshalwe?
Kungcono ukutshala imbewu ye-asparagus maphakathi no-Ephreli. Kungcono ukuwahlwanyela ezindlini zokugcina izithombo noma ngaphansi kwefilimu, ungakhohlwa ukutholakala kwezithombo emazingeni okushisa aphansi.
Uhlelo oluhle luyoba ngamasentimitha angu-6 kuya kwangu-6, okuzovumela ukuthi izitshalo zingakhulumi ngokugcwele, kodwa futhi zizonakekelwa. Imbewu ihlanganiswe ekujuleni kwamamitha amabili. Futhi, ukuthola izithombo ngesikhathi esisodwa, imbewu emva kokuhlwanyela kumele ihlanganiswe besebenzisa ibhodi.
Izici nemithetho yokunakekelwa kwe-asparagus izithombo
- Izithombo ze-asparagus kufanele zihlale ziphuziswa, nomhlabathi lapho ukhula khona, ukhulule.
- Kakade emva kokusila kokuqala kwezitshalo, zondliwa nge-mullein (ingxenye engama-6 izingxenye zamanzi) noma i-ammonium nitrate (1 m2 engaba amagremu angama-20).
- Ukunisela akufanele kube luningi kakhulu, kodwa kubalulekile ukugcina inhlabathi esimweni esivumayo kancane.
- Njengoba i-asparagus ingakhula ifomu kuze kube entwasahlobo eyalandela, kuyo yonke inkathi yehlobo kufanele isondwe njengoba ichaziwe ngenhla izikhathi eziningana. Njengomanyolo, cishe amagremu angama-40 e-superphosphate anganezwa ebhakedeni lokugqoka okuphezulu okudingekayo.
- Ukuvikela izithombo kusuka frost ebusika, zihlangene ekwindla nge umquba obolile noma umquba kusuka utshani.
Siqala ukutshala izithombo ze-asparagus emhlabathini ovulekile
Phakathi kwezithombo ezitholiwe, izitshalo eziningi zingase zingabi nhlobo ngokufanele ukulima.
Ngakho-ke, ukuwacosha emshini wokushisa entwasahlobo (ngale njongo kungcono ukusebenzisa amafoloko) kuyafaneleka ukuhlola isitshalo ngasinye kahle futhi ukhethe ezinamandla kakhulu.
Izindlela eziyinhloko zezithombo ezinhle;
- Ukubukeka okunempilo.
- Ukuba khona kwama-5-7 amahlumela athuthukile kahle.
- Isistimu yezimpande ezakhiwe.
Imigomo engcono kakhulu yokutshala izitshalo ze-asparagus emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukutshala izitshalo ze-asparagus ngokuvamile kuyenziwa entwasahlobo yokuqala. Yiqiniso, ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi inhlabathi kufanele isivele inesikhathi sokuqhafaza ngokugcwele futhi ifudumele kancane.
Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi batsha izithombo ze-asparagus emhlabathini ovulekile ngokushesha ngonyaka wokuhlwanyela. Kulokhu, le nqubo iqhubeka phakathi noJuni ukuvumela izitshalo ukuba zivumelane ngokugcwele nesayithi elisha lokukhula ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibanda. Kulesi simo, ngonyaka wesibili ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, i-asparagus rhizomes izobe isetshenziswe, hhayi izithombo ngokwazo.
Uhlelo lokutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile kanye nokufaka umanyolo enhlabathini ukuze kukhule okungcono kwezitshalo
Imigqa nge-asparagus kumele yenziwe kakhulu - okungenani imitha eyi-1. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ububanzi bomdwebo wokutshala ngokwawo kufanele kube ngamasentimitha angu-30 ububanzi, namamentimitha angu-25 ngokujula.
Ngokwemvelo, akunakwenzeka ukugcoba izithombo ngokujulile, ngokucacile ukuphakama kwayo kufanele kuhlale ku-15-16 amasentimitha ngaphansi kwenhlabathi. Nokho, phansi kwemifula idinga beka umanyolo, ukukhulula kuqala umhlabathi phansi futhi usakaze ingxube ye-humus, umlotha kanye ne-superphosphate enegundane.
Izithombo zitshalwe kulesi sigodi, izimpande zisakazeka phezulu. Izitshalo ezihlwanyelwe ukujula okungaphezu kwamamitha ayisithupha, phakathi kwezitshalo zidinga ukushiya isikhala samamitha angu-40. Izithombo zilala emithanjeni ngosizo lwe-humus, ngokushesha emva kwalokhu kunisela.
Cishe inyanga emva kokutshala, kubalulekile ukuhlola ukuthi izithombo zikwazi kanjani ukugxila endaweni entsha. Uma kutholakala izitshalo ezifile, kufanele zisuswe futhi zithathelwe ezinye ezintsha.
Umlimi wesigodi: indawo emkhatsini wemifula ingasetshenziswa ngokulinganisa, ithatha ngaphansi kokutshala isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi noma ama-asparagus ubhontshisi kuma-pods. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubhontshisi uzoba nomthelela omuhle esimweni somhlabathi, ukuwuthuthukise nge-nitragin.
Izisekelo zokunakekelwa kwe-asparagus etshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile
- Zonke izici zokunakekelwa, ezichazwe ngenhla ngenxa yezithombo ze-asparagus izitshalo, zisetshenziselwa ukulinganisa izitshalo ezikhula.
- Ngemuva kwalokho, lapho i-asparagus ihluma ngaphezu kwemibhede emithonjeni yawo, inhlabathi ingadliwa nge-saltpeter, isebenzisa ama-gramu angu-30 omanyolo nge-1m2.
- Kanti futhi lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi kancane kancane umbhede ugcwalise imifula besebenzisa inhlabathi kusukela ekuhlukaneni komugqa. Yingakho kuphela isikhala phakathi kwe-asparagus okufanele sivunwe.
- Ekwindla, zonke iziqu zesitshalo ziyakunqunywa futhi zishiswe. Isakhiwo sebusika sihlanganiswe nama-humus. Ukuze ungalahlekelwa imigqa nge-asparagus, ama-colas abekwe ekupheleni kwawo, futhi emakhazeni asehlobo entwasahlobo evela emhlabathini phakathi kwemigqa ihanjiswa kuwo.
Izifo ze-asparagus, kanye nezindlela zokuvikela izitshalo ezivela kubo
Nakuba u-asparagus jikelele ukumelana nezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene kuthathwa njengeziphakeme, ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu zingathinteka yi-fungus. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sifo singakwazi kakhulu ukushaya izitshalo ezinsukwini ezimbili kuphela.
Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuba ulahlekelwe ngokuphelele yonke imifula. Ungakwazi ukucacisa ukubukeka kwefungus ngokufa kwikhola yomcibisholo, emva kwalokho wonke amagatsha ayoma bese ewa.
Indlela enhle yokulwa nalesi sifo yizidakamizwa zamakhemikhali "Fundazol." Kodwa-ke, ukuze umzabalazo uphumelele, kufanele usetshenziswe ngokushesha futhi ulandele ngokulandela imiyalelo yemfundo.
Futhi, ingozi enkulu kakhulu yokusafafaza kwanikeza izinambuzane ezibukeka njengezimbungulu ezimnyama. Lezi yi-asparagus leaf beetles, izimpungushe zazo ezikwazi ukubhubhisa ngokuphelele amaqabunga futhi zenze yonke isitshalo iphele.
Ungakwazi ukulwa nalezi zinambuzane usebenzisa ama-insecticide, afaka u-Aktelik no-Fufanon. Ukusebenzisa nabo kuzozijwayeza ngemilayezo ezosiza ekulawuleni izinambuzane ngokushesha, ngaphandle kokwelapha okuphindaphindiwe.
Siqala ukuvuna i-asparagus, kanye nokuzikhethela kwesitoreji sayo
Emva kokuvela kokuqala kwamahlumela entwasahlobo futhi ngaphambi kokuqala kokuvunwa kwe-asparagus, okungenani amasonto 3-4 kufanele adlule. Ngakho, amahlumela anganqunywa ngoMeyi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvunwa kuqala ngokushesha kusukela lapho amakhanda esitshalo avela ngenhla.
Ihlumela ngalinye livulelwa ngale njongo kusukela enhlabathini, futhi ngasemuva kakhulu lihlonywe ngommese obukhali kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubalulekile ukuthi ungalimazi iziqongo zamanye amahlumela ashukela.
Kubalulekile ukubuyisela inhlabathi ephukile endaweni futhi uyihlanganise. Ungavuna zonke izinsuku ezingu-1-2, kanti ngisho nangonyaka wokuqala ungaqhubeka nazo izinsuku ezingaba ngu-20. Uma ufinyelela eminyakeni yobudala engaphezulu, i-asparagus entsha evela emibhedeni ingatholakala cishe izinsuku ezingu-45.
Ukuze isitoreji, i-asparagus ithunyelwa ekamelweni elifudumele, lihlelwe kabusha, lisika amathiphu futhi lifakwe eziqhathaneni, uzame ukungabangela umonakalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isitoreji sithatha ukuthi ama-pod agcinwa esiqandisini ekushiseni okuvela ku-0 kuya ku-2 ° C. Kuleli fomu, ngeke ligcine ukubukeka kwalo olusha, kodwa futhi lithandeka kahle.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngezinhlobo zezitshalo zeqanda eSiberia
I-Asparag ubhontshisi ensimini yakho: funda ukutshala izitshalo ezinhle futhi uqale ukuvuna ngesikhathi
Ukulungiselela inhlabathi yokutshala ubhontshisi kwi-pod eluhlaza
Inhlabathi kufanele ibe yinto evulekile futhi engeyona i-acidic. Ukuzala kudla indima ebalulekile. I-loam ekhanyayo izokwenziwa, nakuba ama-medium angasetshenziswa. Futhi kubalulekile ukuthi Izansi ezingaphansi komhlaba zaphansi.
Ngenxa yokuthi lesi sitshalo ngokuvamile sihlushwa yi-anthracosis, njalo ngonyaka kumele itshalwe endaweni entsha, kungcono ukukhetha imibhede emva kwezitshalo zezimpande. Futhi, ukulungisa inhlabathi, udinga:
- Thatha indawo ekhanyisiwe bese ususa ukhula kuwo.
- Kusukela ekwindla, bamba umbhede bese uwufaka nge-superphosphate ne-potassium chloride.
- Entwasahlobo ukwenza potash umquba.
Izici zokuhlwanyela imbewu ye-asparagus ubhontshisi: ukutadisha ubuchwepheshe
Ukuhlwanyela akuqali kuze kuJune, ngoba imbewu ihluma kuphela emazingeni okushisa kakhulu - kusuka ku-20ºС. Lokhu kubuye kuqede amathuba okushisa ama-frosts entwasahlobo. Lezo zinhlamvu ezazingcoliswa futhi zihlume ngaphambili ziyoba amathuba futhi zithembekile, nakuba kungadingeki ukuba zenze lezi zinyathelo ze-asparagus.
Izitshalo ze-asparagus zebhontshisi zihlwanyelwa ngqo emhlabathini ovulekile, ngaphandle kokutshala kuqala kwezithombo. Imbewu ifakwe emigodini engamamitha ayi-3 cm.
Uhlelo lokutshala kumele lubandakanye cishe amamentimitha angu-8 phakathi kwezitshalo ezitshalwe emgqeni ofanayo, nokuhlukaniswa kwemigqa yamamitha angu-30. Kodwa-ke, akufanele kukhohliwe ukuthi kunezinhlobonhlobo phakathi kwamahabhontshisi ezinqenqemeni kakhulu, ngakho-ke phakathi kwezitshalo ezinjalo udinga ukushiya isikhala samasentimitha angu-35, futhi utshale imbewu emibili emgodini owodwa. Imibhede ngemuva kokuhlwanyela ihlanganiswe nama-humus.
Ukuvela emva kwamasonto amabili kuhluma kancane, kushiya izitshalo eziqine kakhulu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi ukuhlinzeka izitshalo ngokuchelela okuhleokuyinto ezosiza ekukhuleni kwezitshalo ezinamandla nokubunjwa kwamapods enhle.
Ama-asparag ubhontshisi kanye nezinsisekelo zokunakekela ngenkathi ekhulayo
Emva kokuvela kwezithombo, i-asparagus eluhlaza akumele nje ihlinzeke ngobuningi bomswakama, kodwa futhi ikhulule njalo inhlabathi, isuse ukhula, futhi yenza umquba ukondle izitshalo futhi uvuselele ukukhula kwawo. Ngokuyinhloko, izixazululo ezinomsoco ngamanyolo zifakwa emhlabathini ngamabhontshisi ngesikhathi sokuhlelwa kwebhodlela futhi ngesikhathi sezimbali.
Izitshalo zifakwe emigodini eyenzelwe ngokukhethekile lokhu okufana nemigqa yezitshalo. Emva kwalokhu, imifula ihlanganiswa nenhlabathi.
Ukuze uqinise uhlelo lwempande lebhontshisi ye-asparagus, amahlumela ayo ahlaselwa kakade ngaleso sikhathi sokukhula, lapho izitshalo zifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamentimitha angu-10. Ezingxenyeni ezivuthayo zalesi sitshalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugubha ithiphu lapho isitshalo sesivele sibe ngamamitha amabili phezulu.
Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze uyeke ukukhula futhi uqondise wonke amandla esitshalo ekwakheni amapoda. Futhi, kubalulekile ukuthi ungakhohlwa ukusekelwa kwalolu hlobo lwe-asparagus ubhontshisi.
Ukuvuna imigomo kuvuna ama-asparagus ubhontshisi: kanjani ukuthi ungaphuzi futhi uthole ama-pods amnandi?
Ukuvuna kokuqala, okungukuthi, ukuqoqwa kwama-pods aluhlaza ukuze kusetshenziswe ngokuqhubekayo ekudleni, kwenziwa ngokuvumelana nemigomo yokuvuthwa yezimila ngokwazo nesikhathi sokutshala.
Ngakho-ke, ukuvuthwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zakuqala ze-pods kwenzeka ezinyangeni ezimbili ngemuva kokuba amahlumela okuqala avela emhlanjeni, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi le nkathi ibambezelekile enye inyanga inyanga.
Ama-pods avunwa ngesandla emva kwezinsuku ezingu-8 kusukela ngesikhathi ubhontshisi beboshwe kuwo. Uma ama-pods anquma njalo, isitshalo sizobopha ezintsha. Ngonyaka owodwa, kuvame ukuvuna ukuvunwa kuze kube ngu-5.
Ukusetshenziswa ubhontshisi onjalo ngesimo esisha sokupheka, ukugaya kanye nokuqandisa. I-Fresh igcinwa isikhathi esifushane kakhulu.
