Le berry ifana nama-strawberries afana nawo wonke umuntu.
Nakuba enesithakazelo, abalimi bayasithanda lesi siko.
Ama-strawberries asetshalwe ezindlini zezwe, phambi kwedizadi, ema-hotbeds futhi wonke umuntu amaphupho okuthola isivuno esikhulu.
Kodwa ukuthola, kufanele uhambisane nezinyathelo ezihlukahlukene ze-agrotechnical.
Izindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokutshala ama-strawberries yizigadi zasendlini kanye nezindawo zokugcina izithombo.
Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi ama-strawberries abamba ukushisa abunambitheki, ingabe kunjalo ngempela?
Kulesi sihloko, sizoxhumana kuzo zonke izicabha zokukhulisa lesi sitshalo endaweni yokushisa, kanye nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezifanele zokugcina izithombo zokugcina izithombo.
Izinzuzo, ukungalungi kanye nezici eziyinhloko ze-sitrobheli ezikhulayo endaweni yokushisa
Ingabe kufanele sikhule le berry endaweni yokushisa, sibhala zonke izinzuzo:
- Inzuzo yokuqala, okungeke kwenzeke ukuthi ungasho lokhu, ukuthi yizimo zokubamba ukushisa kungenzeka ukukhula lesi sitshalo unyaka wonke.
- Isimo sezulu esinomvula nesimanzi ngeke siphume isivuno sakho, njengoba ngaphansi kwesibhakabhaka evulekile, isivuno siyancipha sibe ngamaphesenti angu-25.
- Ikhwalithi enhle yiyo yokuthi isidingo semithombo yasemhlabeni sincishisiwe.
- Zonke izindleko ezisetshenziselwa ukulima kwalesi sitshalo zikhokha ngenkathi eyodwa.
- Kubuye kubalulekile ukuthi isitshalo esibelethisayo esibamba ukushisa siphakanyiswe kangcono ezitolo ezinkulu.
- Ebusika, amajikijolo ayoba adinga kakhulu, lapho ungathola khona okuhle kakhulu.
- Uma utshala ama-strawberries endaweni yokushisa, ungagcina isikhala esanele kusayithi lakho.
- Kanti futhi lesi sitshalo kulula ukuzinakekela ekushiseni okushisa, kunokuba kusensimini.
- Ukutshala ama-strawberries okuzenzela kwenza kube lula ukuzivikela wena nomndeni wakho ekuthengeni amajikijolo aqukethe izinto ezilimazayo.
Kodwa zikhona njalo ukulinganiselwa okubalwe ngezansi:
- Izindleko zokuqala zokutshala lesi sitshalo endaweni yokushisa zizodinga ukutshala izimali ezinkulu kunokukhula endaweni evulekile.
- Kuzo zokugcina izithombo kudingekile ukuba kutholakale impova ngesiko.
- Ukuze uvuthwe kahle, udinga ukwandisa usuku lokukhanya.
I-greenhouse indlela yonyaka wonke okhulayo we-strawberries uyaziwa ngokuthi yiDutch. Iqukethe ukutshala izithombo zalesi sitshalo unyaka wonke ezinyangeni ezimbili.
Yonke inqubo iqukethe ukulungiselela nokutshala izithombo ze "frigo", okulula kakhulu. I-Frigo yiyona engcono kunazo zonke izitshalo ze-sitrobheli, ezikhethiwe kusukela ebuningi ekwindla, ezigcinwe egumbini elipholile kuze kufike entwasahlobo. Ukushisa kwomoya emakamelo anjalo kufanele kube yi--2 ° C.
Abalimi bezakhiwo abavumelani nalokho okushiwo yi-greenhouse okungcono kunengilazi, i-polyethylene noma i-polycarbonate. Kodwa ngokuvamile kaningi kuthiwa endaweni yokushisa yama polycarbonate i-berry izwa ikhululekile kakhulu, igcina ukushisa kungcono lapho.
Njengoba ama-strawberries angamajikijolo e-whimsical, umhlabathi lapho atshalwe khona kufanele afanele ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwawo.
Okukhethwa kukho okucatshangwayo kubhekwa ukuthi akuqukethe ama-pathogens ahlukene kanye nokhula. Ngenxa yalokhu, ingxube elandelayo ifanelekile, ehlanganisa i-perlite ne-peat, ene-coconut fibre kanye ne-wool mineral ebizwa nge-substrate.
Izinhlobo ze-strawberry ezifanele ukukhula ku-greenhouse
Zonke izinhlobo zalesi sitshalo zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezilandelayo:
- Lokho okungatshalwa kanye ngonyaka.
- Lokho okungatshalwa unyaka wonke, okungukuthi, "remontant".
- Futhi lezo izinhlobo ezinamajikijolo amancane kakhulu.
Yiziphi izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo ezifanele ukutshalwa kwe-greenhouse:
- I-strawberry ezihlukahlukene "u-Elizabeth 2"
- Uhlobo lwe-strawberry oluhlukahlukene
- Strawberry ezihlukahlukene "Marshal"
- Ezihlukahlukene strawberries "Albion"
- Strawberry ezihlukahlukene "Gigantella"
Ama-Strawberries alezi zihlukahlukene ahlukile kwabanye ngobukhulu bawo.
Kungathela izithelo ezihlahleni, nasemaceleni ama-rosettes.
Ukunambitheka kwamajikijolo kunomnandi kakhulu futhi kunesilinganiso esiphakathi kwabantu. Kukhona nesici esincane salezi ezihlukahlukene, zayo kudingeka ukubuyekeza njalo.
Ikhwalithi enhle ukuhamba kahle. Amasiko atholakala ezinhlobonhlobo ezihamba phambili.
I-Strawberry ingokwezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlawulo. Izici ezihlukile isivuno esikhulu, futhi kuhle ukudayiswa, ngoba ubujamo berry bugcinwe kahle.
I-strawberries inomnandi ngokwanele, yobuningi obuhle, obomvu obomvu ngokukhanya kancane.
Isisindo se-sitrobheli esisodwa sifinyelela ku-45 amagremu.
Isiko libuye libekezelele ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa futhi limelana nezifo.
Isici esihlukile ukuthi isivuno kufanele sivunwe sivuthiwe, futhi singagcini noma siphume ngokweqile.
Ama-Strawberries alezi ezihlukahlukene elimnandi futhi elihlwabusayounombala obomvu ocebile.
Ngenxa yalokhu okuhlukahlukene akudingi ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela, njengoba amaqabunga e-strawberry ekhula ngokushesha futhi amakhulu ngobukhulu, obungahlwanyeli izimila.
Futhi akudingi ukuchelela njalo futhi ukubhekana nesomiso. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zibuye zibuyele emuva, njengazo zonke ezingenhla.
Abalimi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo yizona ezihlukahlukene kakhulu ezikhulayo ezikhulayo. I-Berry iyiphunga elimnandi futhi elimnandi, elibhekisela ekusebenzeni okuhle.
It ikhula isikhathi eside, cishe frost. Isebenza kahle ngokushisa okushisa nezifo ezihlukahlukene. Ama-strawberries akhula ngobukhulu ngobukhulu nesimo esihle.
Igama lenkcubeko liyazikhulumela, amajikijolo akhula kakhulu.
Kodwa usayizi wabo uthinta ukujwayela kokunisela.
Lesi sitshalo sidinga ukunakekelwa okuhle.
Ubukhulu bamajikijolo bokuqala bufinyelela ezingamakhulu amagremu esisisindo futhi kufike ku-9 cm ububanzi.
Ama-Strawberries alezi zihlukahlukene anemnandi futhi anempepho.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngokufanelekile nokunakekela ama-strawberries.
Sembulela zonke izimfihlo zokutshala sitrobheli ukushisa
Umhlabathi we-strawberries ulungiselelwe kusengaphambili entwasahlobo.
Cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi lesi siko senza imibhede ephakeme. Ukuze wenze lokhu, lungisa ibhokisi elijwayelekile, likhishwe ngamabhodi. Ngaphansi kwalo kwakubeka amahlumela amancane ashiywe ngemuva kokusika izihlahla. Konke kugcwele ama-humus, kodwa hhayi ekupheleni, kusuka phezulu kufanele ushiye cishe u-20 cm ezweni elivundile. Ukuze uthole inhlabathi engcono, ungafaka ingxube ye-pea-oat noma i-lentil-oat.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukutshala izithombo ebhokisini. Le nqubo ibonakala ekupheleni kukaSeptemba nasekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba.
Kufanelekile ukutshala kuphela lezo izithombo ezinesimiso esihle sezintambo. Kungcono ukungasebenzisi izithombo ezimbi ukuze ungathathi isikhala futhi ungachithi isikhathi.
Bese kukhululiwe inhlabathi isidingo sokumboza isipunbondkodwa akudingekile. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kuvezwe umhlabathi omningi, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ukubukeka kokhula. I-Spunbond nayo igcina izinga lokushisa elihle emhlabathini futhi ivikela ama-strawberry avela ezifweni ezihlukahlukene.
Ama-strawberries atshalwe ku-abamba ukushisa ngaphezulu kakhulu kunomhlabathi ovulekile. Ngemuva kwama-20-25 cm, ikuvumela ukuba utshale izithombo eziningi futhi uthole isivuno esihle esikhathini esizayo.
Uma usebenzisa i-spunbond noma i-agrofibre emnyama uma utshala, ubuchwepheshe bokutshala ama-strawberries buhluka kancane. Ku-agrofibre, ukusikeka okuncane kwenziwa ngendlela yesiphambano. Ngalokhu kuhloswe, izimbobo zenziwa emhlabathini kanti izithombo zitshalwe lapho, bese zihlanganiswa umhlaba.
Ngalendlela, ukuchelela kwenziwa ekupheleni kwayo yonke inqubo yokutshala. Ungamanzi kokubili bese usebenzisa ukuchelela kokunisela.
Indlela yesibili ihlinzekela umsebenzi futhi inikeza induduzo enkulu kwisitshalo phakathi nenkathi ye-fruiting kanye nokuvuna.
Kuyini ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo zokutshala abamba ukushisa
Ukunakekelwa kwe-strawberry kunezinqubo eziningana:
- Ukuphuza isiko
- Ukugcina izinga lokushisa elidingekayo
- Ukusungula ukukhanya okudingekayo ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukiseni ama-strawberries
- Ukudla nokusebenzisa umquba odingekayo
- Vikela ama-strawberry avela ezifweni ezihlukahlukene
Ukuphuza ama-strawberries ku-greenhouse
Kunezindlela eziningana zokunisela ama-strawberries: ukunisela ukuchelela, ukufafaza i-strawberry kanye nokunisela okwengeziwe.
Ngaphambi kokuchichima, ukufafaza kusetshenzisiwe, futhi emva kokuvela kwamaqabunga, ukuchelela kwenziwa phakathi kwemigqa noma emmpandeni, ukuze ungangeni ezitshalweni. Ukunisela kwenziwa njalo ezinsukwini eziyishumi.
Lapho sitrobheli ifika fruiting, ithela njengoba kudingeka. Kubhekwa njengelungile ukuphuza isitshalo ekuseni 1 noma izikhathi ezimbili ngesonto kuye ngokuthi izimo zezulu ziyini.
Ngaphambi kokuchelela, udinga ukuqoqa ama-strawberries avuthiwe. Ukunisela okuvame ukuholela ekubunjweni kwezifo ze-fungal.
Ngemuva kokunisela ngamunye kuyadingeka ukuba uphule kancane emhlabathini. Uma lokhu kungenziwanga, ukwehlisa isivuno kungenzeka.
Ukukhanyisa ama-strawberries endaweni yokushisa
Ukuze i-sitrobheli inike isivuno esihle ebusika, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umbuso omuhle wokukhanya ku-greenhouse. Ngalokhu, i-greenhouse kufanele ifakwe uhlelo olukhethekile lwe-dosvet.
Ekwindla nasebusika, usuku luyancipha, futhi ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwesiko kuyadingeka ukwandisa umbuso wokukhanya kumahora angu-15 ngosuku.
Iyini imingcele yohulumeni wokushisa endaweni yokushisa?
Lesi siko sidinga ukushisa okuthile kanye nomswakama odingekayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, i-greenhouse kumele ifakwe izinhlelo zokushisa ezikhethekile kanye nokunisela.
Inani lemifino ehlumela izithelo liyakhula uma isimo esidingekayo sokwanda kancane kancane ekushiseni komoya endaweni yokushisa kubonakala.
Maphakathi noJanuwari, izinga lokushisa kufanele lifinyelele + ku-12 ° С endaweni yokushisa, futhi ngokunyuka kwezinsuku ezishisayo phakathi nosuku, izinga lokushisa kufanele libe ngo-20 ° С, nasebusuku + 8 ° С. Ekuqaleni kwezimbali kuphakanyiselwa ku-25 ° C. Asikho isidingo sokukhulisa kakhulu izinga lokushisa, njengoba lesi sitshalo singase singabi nesibindi sokushisa okubukhali.
Umswakama kufanele futhi ube ngezinga elithile. Ngesikhathi sokutshala kanye namasonto ambalwa kamuva, izinga lokuswakama kufanele libe ngu-85%, bese kufanele linciphise libe ngu-75%, futhi ngesikhathi sokuvuna kumele kuhliswe ku-70%.
Luhlobo luni lomanyolo olwenza isidingo se-sitrobheli?
Umanyolo ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kufanele kwenziwe kanye emva kwezinsuku eziyisikhombisa.
Kusetshenziswe umanyolo wamanzi, kepha ukuchelela kuyadingeka ngaphambi kwalolu hlelo.
Umanyolo wamanzi uqukethe izingxenye ezilandelayo: i-saltpeter 10 amagremu, i-potash usawoti ama-gramu angu-17, i-superphosphate 20 amagremu futhi zonke lezi zithasiselo ziyancipha kuya ku-10 amalitha amanzi.
Kwenzeka ukuthi ukufaka umanyolo kwenziwa ngesisombululo sezinyoni zezinyoni ngezinga lika-1:15.
Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwama-ovari, ukondla okuketshezi kwegazi kumile.
Imisebenzi edingekayo ukuvikelwa kwe-sitrobheli ezifweni:
- Into yokuqala okumele ilandelwe ibanga elingcono phakathi kwezitshalo ze-sitrobheli.
- Owesibili wukuthi udinga ukwenza ukuchelela okulungile kwama-strawberries. Qinisekisa ukuthi uhlola ukuthi inhlabathi yayingamanzi kakhulu.
- Okwesithathu yilokho okudingekile ukuqapha ubumsulwa bomhlabathi, ususe ukhula.
- Into yesine okufanele ukwenze ukusebenzisa umquba odingekayo.
- Okwesishiyagalolunye, sebenzisa amanxeba ngokumelene nezifo nezinambuzane.
