Naphezu kokuba khona kwezinhlobo eziningi zamagilebhisi ezisungulwe kahle, imvamisa inzalo entsha ithola ukuthandwa ngenxa yezimpawu zayo eziphakeme, ezingajwayelekile. Lezi nzalo zifaka iGourmet ekuqaleni kokuzalela iV.N. I-Kraynova, enobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele bamabhulashi namajikijolo, kanye nokunambitheka okungajwayelekile.
Umlando Wokukhula Amagilebhisi Asakhula
Gourmet kusenesikhathi - uhlobo "oluncane" oluqhamukayo olwavela eminyakeni eyi-10 eyedlule. Ekuqaleni, i-hybrid yaqanjwa ngokuthi uNovocherkassky Red, yabe inikezwa ikhodi 1-12. Umbhali ungumfuyi wezilwane odumile we-Amateur V.N. UKraynov, othole i-hybrid entsha evela kubazali abangamaKishmish Luchisty noTalisman. Ukusuka kubhangqizi obufanayo, umugqa wonke we nzalo enezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene watholakala, i-V.N. UKrainov waqamba igama elijwayelekile elithi Gourmet. INovocherkassk ibomvu yathola igama layo lokugcina ngokuthi iGourmet kusenesikhathi, kanti ama-nzalo asele kulayini ofanayo aqala ukubizwa ngokuthi yiRainbow, iGourmand, iFlashhlight, neGraceful.
Igama langempela lezinhlobonhlobo kwakunguNovocherkassky Red
I-gourmet yokuqala yathola ukuthandwa futhi kusukela ngonyaka we-2006 iye yabonwa njengethembisa ukulinyelwa eningizimu yeRussia, e-Ukraine naseMoldova. Kusukela ngonyaka we-2016, iGourmet yokuqala yafakwa kwiRegional State yeRussian Federation ngaphansi kwegama uGourman Kraynova ngokutholakala kulinywe kuzo zonke izifunda.
Incazelo yebanga
Ngokwencazelo evela Kubhaliso Lombuso, i-Gourmet ekuseni iyindlela ehlukahlukene yetafula nesikhathi sokuvuthwa kakhulu (amajikijolo afinyelela ukuvuthwa okugcwele ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-110-115 kusukela ekuqaleni kwesizini yokukhula). Amabhasi abonakala ngokukhula okuphakathi. Imivini eqinile ansundu ekhanyayo imbozwe ngamaqabunga aphakathi nendawo amathathu noma amahlanu anendawo enomshayo onomunyu. Izimbali ziwuhlobo lowesifazane, ukuqhakaza kwenzeka ekuqaleni kukaJuni.
Izimbali ziqala eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala kaJuni ezifundeni eziseningizimu nasengxenyeni yesibili kaJuni kulayini ophakathi nendawo
Ama-bunches akhiwa amakhulu (ngokwesilinganiso esingu-500-600 g, kwesinye isikhathi i-1000- 1300 g) futhi abe nesimo esisheshayo. Amajikijolo aphakeme kakhulu wesisindo akhulu kakhulu (isisindo 7-11 g). Isikhumba esiminyene kodwa esincanyana esingaba umbala opinki ngemithunzi ehlukahlukene simboza inyama enomzimba. Lapho ubhulasha umhluzi, amajikijolo angathola i-lilac hue.
Iqoqo le-gourmet lakhiwa ngamajikijolo amakhulu apinki
Ukunambitheka kwamagilebhisi kunokuvumelana okumnandi ngenxa yokuqukethwe ushukela omningi (15,6 g nge-100 cm)3) kanye nenani elanele le-acid (4.9 g / l). Isici esibonakalayo samagilebhisi ukunambitheka kwe-muscat nephunga elimnandi lezimbali. Ama-Tasters anikeza ukunambitheka kwamagilebhisi amasha amaphuzu wamaphuzu ayi-9.1.
I-berry ngayinye iqukethe imbewu engu-2-3.
Amagilebhisi amnandi ekuqaleni kwevidiyo
Izici Ezihlukahlukene
Akumangalisi ukuthi i-gourmet yokuqala idumile phakathi kwama-viniga - unezimfanelo eziningi ezinhle:
- ukukhiqiza okuphezulu okuzinzile (ama-6-8 kg kusuka esihlahleni esi-1, ama-200-201 kg / ha);
- ukubukeka okungathengiswa kanye nokunambitheka okuhle kwamajikijolo;
- ukugcinwa okuhle kwamajikijolo esihlahleni;
- ukumelana okuphezulu kwezifo zokukhunta (isikhutha, i-oidium, i-grey bola);
- ukumelana nokuhamba nokugcina.
Okubi kweGourmet kusenesikhathi kufaka phakathi uhlobo lwezimbali sowesifazane, yingakho ukutshala izihlahla zokuvuthwa kwemvelo kubalulekile. I-hybrid ithathwa njengesilimo sekhava, yize ubusika baso abukho nzima kangako - kuze kufinyelele -23 ... -24 mayelanaC.
Izici zokutshala nokukhula
Izithelo ezinhle ezivela eGourmet zingatholakala kuphela ngokubheka yonke imithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo. Ngokuvamile, imithetho yokutshala nokukhulisa le hybrid iyafana nakwezinye izinhlobo zamagilebhisi.
Izidingo zokufakelwa
Enye yezimfuneko eziphambili zomvini okhulayo ukukhethwa kwendawo enomhlabathi ovundile namanzi aphansi komhlaba. Kungcono ukutshala amagilebhisi egqumeni ukuze izimpande zesitshalo zingabi nomswakama osimeme.
Njengoba amagilebhisi abeyisitshalo se-thermophilic, isayithi kufanele lishiswe kahle yilanga futhi livikeleke kokusalungiswa. Izinhlangothi eziseningizimu naseningizimu-mpumalanga yesiza zikulungele kangcono ukutshala.
Ngokuntuleka kokukhanya kwelanga, ukusebenza kwamaqabunga kuyaphazamiseka, izimo zokubeka izihlahla zezithelo ziya ziwohloka, isivuno siyancipha futhi nengozi yokuba nezifo iyanda. Ngalezi zizathu, izihlahla zamagilebhisi akufanele zitshalwe phakathi kwezihlahla zezithelo noma emthunzini wezakhiwo. Ibanga elisuka ezihlahleni kumele okungenani libe yi-6-7 m, lisuka ezihlahleni nakwezinye izihlahla zamagilebhisi - 3-3,5 m. Ukwenza ngcono izimo zokukhanyisa, ama-bush kufanele abekwe kuma-trellises futhi abekwe ekubunjweni.
I-gourmet, njengazo zonke izinhlobo zamagilebhisi, isakazeka kahle ngokusika kwezimpande kanye nokuxhunyelelwa. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ama-Gourmet cuttings awamelana kahle ne-phylloxera yezimpande, ngenxa yalokho, ezindaweni ezinobungozi obukhulu bokutheleleka ngalesi sifo, i-Gourmet isatshalaliswa kangcono kakhulu ngokugoma. Ngokugoma, ukusika kuvunwa engxenyeni evuthiwe yomvini, ngamehlo ayi-2-3. Ungazigcina esiqandisini noma emiphongolweni, ugcobe isiphelo bese usisonga ngendwangu emanzi.
Ipharafini isiza ukugcina umswakama ezindaweni ezisikiwe
Ukugoma kwenziwa entwasahlobo, imvamisa ngo-Ephreli. Isitoko sinqunywe ngokuphelele, sishiya isiphunzi esincane, ingaphezulu laso laselulwa bushelelezi. Isizinda sesiqu sesihlukaniswe ngobumnene bese sifakwa ku-cleavage ngesiphetho esinqunyelwe ukusika kwesibambo (izibambo ezi-2 zingafakwa). Indawo yokugoma iqiniswa ngemichilo yendwangu futhi ihlanganiswe nobumba.
Uma uxhunyekwe emseleni, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthintana okuhle kwesibambo ngesitoko
Uma ufuna ukutshala izihlahla ezisikiwe izimpande, kungenzeka ukuthi uziqeqeshe. Kulokhu, ama-chubuk asikwa isikhathi eside kunokuxhunyelelwa (4-5 amehlo, ubude 30-35 cm), ubukhulu be-chubuk kufanele bube yi-8-12 mm. NgoFebhuwari, iChubuki iqala ukumila. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sinqume isiphetho se-waxed bese wenza ama-punctures amaningana nge-awl engxenyeni engezansi ukwenza lula ukukhula kwezimpande. Kunconywa ukuphatha i-Chubuki ngesivuseleli sokukhula, ngokwesibonelo, siyicwilise izinsuku ezingama-2-2 kusixazululo soju (1 isipuni ilitha lamanzi).
I-chubuki elungiselelwe ibekwa ezitsheni zamanzi noma icwiliswe ezitsheni ezinomhlabathi omanzi. Ukuhluma kufanele kwenzeke egumbini elinezibane ezinhle nokushisa komoya + 17 ... +19 mayelanaC.
Ngemuva kwamaviki amane, amahlumela avuvukala emachungwini nasezindongeni eziqhakaza, bese izimpande ezincane ezimhlophe zikhula. Ngesikhathi sokufika emhlabathini, amaChubuki aba izimpande.
Ukuhluma kwezinhlamvu zomvini kuvidiyo
Ukufakwa emhlabathini ovulekile kwenziwa ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Isimo esiyinhloko ukuthi inhlabathi ifinyelela ekushiseni kwe- + 12 ... +15 mayelanaC. Uma kulindeleke ukuthi kwehlise izinga lokushisa ngemuva kokutshala, izithombo kumele zimbozwe isikhathi sokupholisa.
Umgodi wokutshala usayizi ongu-0,8 m ngo-0.8 m ulungiswa emavikini angama-2-3 ngaphambi kokutshala. Ungqimba lwezitini ezaphukile lubekwa phansi phansi njenge-drainage, bese igcwaliswa isigamu ngomquba oxutshwe nenhlabathi kanye ne-superphosphate (2 wezipuni).
Kukholelwa ukuthi ukunambitheka kwamagilebhisi amagilebhisi kuzothuthuka kakhulu uma amagilebhisi etshalwe ezindaweni lapho imbewu yeparsley ihlwanyelwa khona.
Kepha esikhundleni sesivini esidala esisishuliwe, ukusika izihlahla akukufanele - azothuthukisa kahle, ngoba inhlabathi ezindaweni ezinjalo isivele idlakadlaka kakhulu.
Ungmba umgodi onqenqemeni lomgodi ukunisela amagilebhisi ngaphansi kwempande.
Uma ukutshala kwenziwa ezifundeni ezibandayo, ungamba imigodi engilazi emnyama ezungeze umgodi ukufudumeza inhlabathi
Lapho ukutshala, ukunakekelwa kumele kuthathwe, ngoba izimpande zamagilebhisi ezincane zintekenteke kakhulu. Isithombo sifafazwe ngokucophelela nomhlaba, sihlanganiswe futhi siniselwe ngamabhakede ama-2-3 amanzi. Ngemuva kwalokho-ke kuyalulekwa ukuthi mulch isiyingi sesiqu ukuze umswakama uhlale emhlabathini isikhathi eside.
Ukutshala izithombo zomvini kuvidiyo
Enye indlela enhle yokusakaza amagilebhisi ukubeka izingqimba. Umbhali uthole ngempumelelo ngesikhathi esifushane yonke imigqa yamagilebhisi ngale ndlela. Imivini emide yemba ngokumbiwa ezindaweni ezifanele futhi iqiniseke ukuthi icindezelwa njalo enhlabathini ngezicucu zamatshe noma ngezitini. Isihluthulelo sempumelelo ukuchelela ejwayelekile ukumba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, awukwazi ukushesha ukuhlukanisa izingqimba esihlahleni sikamama. Umbhali wenza iphutha elinjalo emzamweni wokuqala wokusabalalisa ngokwakha futhi ngenxa yalokho wathola isihlahla esibuthakathaka, esidinga ukunakekelwa okuningi okwengeziwe ngentuthuko ejwayelekile.
Imithetho Yokunakekela Amagilebhisi
I-gourmet yokuqala ayidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, kepha idinga ukuthenwa okujwayelekile, ukugqoka okuphezulu nokunisela.
Izihlahla kwenziwa entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Entwasahlobo, imivini efile phakathi nobusika iyasuswa bese kwenziwa izinti. I-gourmet ayithandi ukulayishwa ngokweqile; ukuqinisekisa ukuvuna okuhle, kunconywa ukusika imivini yama-buds angama-6-6, inikeze umthwalo ophelele esihlahleni ngenani lamahlo angama-30- 35 kanye namahlumela angama-20- 24. Kulula kakhulu ukwakha isihlahla ngesimo fan bese usibeka ku-trellis ejwayelekile yomugqa owodwa.
Inqubo yokwenziwa kwabalandeli ithatha iminyaka engama-3-4
Ukuthena i-Autumn kwenziwa ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba - ekuqaleni kukaNovemba. Ukukhula okungeziwe nezithombo ezingavuthiwe ziyasuswa. Ezifundeni ezinobusika obubandayo, ama-Gourmet bush ngemuva kokuthena ikwindla abekelwe ubusika. Ukuze wenze lokhu, imivini isuswa ku-trellis, iboshwe ngoxhaka, ibekwe emhlabathini futhi iboshwe ngotshani, ifilimu, i-agrofibre noma ezinye izinto zokufakelwa.
Ukuqinisekisa izimo ezifanelekileyo zobusika, ungamboza imivini ngaphezulu kwefilimu ngesendlalelo somhlaba
Ukunisela amagilebhisi adingekayo njalo, ikakhulukazi ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokutshala. Isithombo esincane siyaniselwa njalo ngezinsuku ezingama-7- 7, siyithukulula futhi sigule inhlabathi kusiyingi sendawo esiseduze ukuze sigcine umswakama.
Amabhishi abantu abadala aniselwa izikhathi ezingama-4-5 phakathi nehlobo. Isidingo esikhulu somswakama sibonwa kumvini ngesikhathi sokuhluma, ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, ngesikhathi sokukhula kwamaqanda kanye nangemva kokuvuna. Ngalezi zikhathi, kuyadingeka ukuhlela ukuchelela ngesilinganiso samalitha angama-50-60 amanzi esihlahleni ngasinye. Amanzi afakwa emiseleni yokunisela asike uhhafu wemitha ukusuka esiqwini. Inketho engcono kakhulu yokunisela yi-Drip irrigation, ekuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze izinga lomswakama wenhlabathi njalo. Ehlobo elomile, ukufukamela inhlabathi kusiza ukugcina isimo sezulu esihle kakhulu esihlahleni.
Ukunisela amagilebhisi kuvidiyo
I-Gourmet ithanda izondlamzimba zakuqala. Ukudla kokuqala kwesihlahla esisha kunikezwa ngamanyolo angeniswe emgodini wokutshala. Imvamisa zihlala iminyaka emi-2-3. Kamuva, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukugqokwa kwendawo okumbalwa namaminerali ngamagilebhisi. Ukufaka umanyolo kuyimpoqo yesitshalo ngemuva kokutshala. Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, kufakwa i-phosphorus ne-potassium compounds. Ekupheleni kokuqhakaza, ukugqokwa kwama-foliar ngama-microelements (manganese, zinc, iron) kwenziwa.
Njengamanyolo wezinto eziphilayo ngaphansi kwamagilebhisi enza umquba noma izinyoni zenyoni ngendlela yesisombululo. La manyolo aqukethe inani elikhulu kakhulu lezinhlanganisela ze-nitrogen, ngakho-ke, umanyolo we-nitrogen awusetshenziswanga ngokuhlukile - ukweqisa kwawo kungaholela ekukhuleni ngokweqile kwesisindo esiluhlaza nesivuno esiphansi.
Ukufaka umquba nokondla amagilebhisi kuvidiyo
Ungasivikela kanjani isivini ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni
I-gourmet yokuqala ibhekwa njengemelana kakhulu nezifo zokukhunta - isikhutha, i-grey bola ne-oidium. Noma kunjalo, ngomswakama owandayo, izifo zingavela. Ngakho-ke, izindlela zokuvimbela zasentwasahlobo ngesibabule, ingxube ye-Bordeaux noma amanye ama-fungicides ngeke ziphazamise. Ukwelashwa okunjalo kudingekile kakhulu ngoba ukungabikho kwabo kungasungulwa i-anthracnose, okuholela ekutheni kumiswe ukuphuma kwezithelo namagatsha kanye nokuvela kwezindawo ezinsundu emaqabungeni. Uma lesi sifo sivela, izindawo ezithintekile ziyasuswa futhi zishiswe, bese lesi sitshalo siphathwa nge-sulfate yethusi noma ngeNitrofen.
Amagilebhisi athinteka yi-anthracnose ambozwe amabala ansundu lapho inyama ilukhuni futhi yomile.
Ukuvunwa kwe-gourmet kungahlaselwa ukuhlaselwa kwamagilebhisi nezithelo zesicabucabu, ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa ngezikhathi ezithile ngama-insecticides (Actellik, Fonesiatsid) kanye ne-acaricides (Neoron, Apollo) kuyadingeka.
Ukuvikela isivuno kwizinyoni, isitaki esinezinsizakusebenza esihlathini sizosiza, futhi sivikele kuma-wasps, izikhwama ezineminwe ezigqokwa kubhulashi ngalinye.
Naphezu kobunzima, indlela yokuvikela amagilebhisi ngamaphakethe ihlala yithembeke kakhulu
Ukuvunwa, ukugcinwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezilimo
Lapho ziqhakaza eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala kaJuni, iGourmet ezindaweni eziseningizimu iqala ukugcwalisa ekuqaleni kukaJulayi, futhi ivuthwe maphakathi no-Agasti. Ezimweni ezibanda kakhulu, njenge-Altai, ukuvuthwa kubambezeleka ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba.
Amajikijolo aqala ukuphenduka apinki ekuqaleni kukaJulayi
Ukuvuna kuyadingeka ngokuvuthwa okugcwele, ngoba ngeke kuvuthwe ngaphandle kwesihlahla. Lezi zingqimba zisikiwe kahle ngama secateurs futhi zifakwe emgodleni ukuze zihanjiswe ezikhungweni zokhuni ezingashoni. Kuyadingeka ukubeka ngokuqinile ngangokunokwenzeka, kepha hhayi ukuchoboza amajikijolo! I-gourmet igcinwe kahle - amabhulashi amiswe egumbini elipholile "angalinda" entwasahlobo.
Amajikijolo angama-gourmet anokunambitheka okuhle futhi angadliwa okusha futhi asetshenziselwa ukwenza ujusi, ukulondolozwa, ama-backmes, omisiwe omisiwe. Ngenxa yenhlanganisela engajwayelekile ye-natimeg nephunga elimnandi lezimbali, iGourmet iyaziswa kakhulu nge-winemaking.
I-Beckmes, noma uju lwamagilebhisi, akuyona nje kuphela into emnandi, kepha futhi iyindlela ephatha kakhulu
Ukubuyekezwa kwama-newine
Gourmet kokuzalela kuqala i-V.N.Krainova Males ngezinsuku eziyi-105-110. Amandla wokukhula angaphezulu kwesilinganiso, umvini uvuthwa kahle, uvundisiwe. Ama-bunches anesisindo esingu-0.7-1,5 kg, ibhulashi elinesisindo esingu-8-10 g. umbala opinki. Ukumelana nezifo ezinkulu zokukhunta. Omunye wabaholi ukunambitha, endaweni yesimbali evumelana kahle kuyinto muscat emnandi kakhulu.
Nadezhda Viktorovna, Altai Territory//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=178.0
IGourmet yami isencane, kulo nyaka ithela izithelo okokuqala, ama-bunches amahlanu, hhayi amakhulu kakhulu nokho abukeka kakhulu, asevele eseqalile ukufaka amabala amajikijolo. Nginqume namuhla ukuthi ngizame i-berry ebomvu kunazo zonke, futhi isivele imnandi, sengivele nginomuzwa wokuthi ayisiwona kuphela amanzi amnandi, kepha i-berry enambitheka okhethekile. Angiboni noma yiluphi, kukhona ama-wasps endiza ngeKazryanka futhi akekho oseduze kweGourmet. Silindele ukuthi ivuthwe, kepha Sengicabanga ukuthi ngeke kube nokudumazeka
I-Nata38, Volgograd//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?p=103530
impova ye-gourmet yokuqala, hlanganisa izinhlobo zezitshalo ngezimbali ezinamakhehla amabili. I-Arcadia izokwenza. Angizange ngithuli igalofu, konke kuhamba kahle kuye. Eduze kukhula i-sphinx, i-argo, ethembekile, i-angelica.
Andrey Kurmaz, IDonetsk esifundeni//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?page=21&t=943
Ngifunde abakubhala ngamaGourmet. Ngqo mayelana ne-Gourmet ekuqaleni. Ake ngingeze okuncane. Maphakathi no-Okthoba waba seBrest noV. Astapenko. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo, kanye nesikhumbuzo seNovocherkassk, zingishaye! Sekuphele izinyanga ezimbili evuthiwe, kodwa bekubonakala sengathi lokhu kwenzeke ngesonto, inani lezinsuku eziyi-10 ezedlule. Umbala ubomvu ngokungathi sína, uginindela umunene futhi UMCCAT! Amajikijolo makhulu, aqondaniswe, ukunambitheka kuyamangalisa! Ngiphila ngethemba lokuthi nami ngizokuthola ngokufana ...
I-A.Kondratiev - bursucok, Daugavpils//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?p=103530
Kepha angihlanganyeli nentshisekelo ejwayelekile ye-Gourmet, imnandi impela, kepha kuyafana, ifafazwe ngendlela efanayo, futhi yaqala ukukhukhumala futhi yacutshungulwa nge-boron enesifuba, akukho okusizayo, njengonyaka owedlule, noma yimi kuphela. Ngokubona kwami, unesilonda esijwayelekile ne-Monarch, futhi ku-FIG unjalo, umnandi kimi, bambiza olunye uhlobo. Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ngangena esikhundleni sawo ngamabhasi ama-2 ngaphambili ayengahambelani, ngokuvamile, ngashintsha i-awl ngensipho.
I-Yuri72, iDonbass//lozavrn.ru/index.php?topic=112.45
I-Gourmet yizinhlobonhlobo zomhlaba wonke, ngoba kufanelekile ukukhula emapulazini ngamanye, nasekutshaleni izimboni. Ngokuphathelene namathuba wokusebenzisa isivuno, lokhu kuhlukahluka nakho kuyindawo yonke - kufanelekile ukusetshenziswa kwetafula, kanye nokwenza i-winemaking, kanye nokulondolozwa. Lokhu okuhlukahlukene akudingi mzamo omkhulu ukuze ukhule, ukuhambisana nemithetho ejwayelekile yezobuchwepheshe bezolimo kwanele ukuthola isivuno esikhulu.
