Ngisho nomlimi owaziwa kakhulu, otshale izitshalo ezihlukahlukene esiqhingini sakhe iminyaka engaphezu konyaka, akanakuhluleka ukukhipha imibhede embalwa ngamakhukhamba.
Sekuvele kube yisiko - ehlobo sikhulisa lesi sitshalo, siqoqe isithelo, siwubheke emabhange, futhi ebusika siyajabula ukudla ukudla okusemathinini.
Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi kubalulekile ukutshala noma yimiphi imifino endaweni evulekile, njengokungathi ifomu layo langempela, futhi lena yindlela kuphela yokuthola isivuno esiwusizo kakhulu futhi esihlwabusayo.
Ukhukhamba yi-culture enhle kakhulu, ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuwazalisa, kudingeka uhlole yonke imininingwane ehlobene nokulima ukhukhamba emhlabathini ovulekile.
Futhi konke kuyoba lula kakhulu!
Enye yezingqinamba ezingavamile kakhulu okumelwe zicaciswe ngaphambi kokutshala ukhukhamba ngumbuzo wokukhetha indawo. Ngenxa ye-"fastidious" yabo, amahlumela noma imbewu angeke ibe nezimpande endaweni engafanele, okuzolahlekelwa ngayo kokubili isimo sengqondo nesifiso sokukhula lesi sitshalo. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukuthola isakhiwo esinjalo ngaphansi kombhede wensimu, osekuhlangothini oluseningizimu, awuqhutshwa yimimoya, futhi ukhanya kahle ilanga.
Ukuze kuvikelwe i-ikhukhamba eliyinkimbinkimbi ebhakabhaka kusuka ekungeneni kwemimoya, yatshala izitshalo ezinjalo ezizokwenza uhlobo lweskrini. Ummbila, i-sunflower, i-legumes iyoba yizinketho ezinhle kakhulu.
Awukwazi ukufaka imbewu noma izihlahla ezindaweni eziphansi noma ngaphezulu kakhulu, njengamanzi asemanzini asempumalanga azokhipha, futhi amahlumela ekhwaleni ayoshaya umoya.
Utamatisi, amakhambi angapheli, iklabishi, namazambane kubhekwa njengama-precursor best for the amasiko amakhukhamba. Akunakwenzeka ukugqugquzela umbhede wekhukhamba endaweni lapho i-zucchini, ithanga noma isikwashi esakhula khona ngonyaka, ngoba lezi ziko zinesifo esifanayo kukhukhamba.
Kodwa yena ngokwakhe uzoba yiyona ehamba phambili kunazo zonke ikhukhamba, ngaphandle kwalokho amahlathi angase agule nge-powdery isikhutha. Ngokuqondene nomhlabathi ngokwawo, kufanele ube nokukhanya, okuvundile, kufanele kudlule umoya kahle futhi uqukethe inani elanele le-humus.
Ukulungiswa komhlaba kufanele kuqale ekwindla, lapho isikhathi esilandelayo sesiphelile. Isayithi idinga ukugujwa, futhi kubalulekile ukukhulula ama-25 - 30 cm emhlabeni. Ukuze ukwandise izinga lokuzala kwenhlabathi, udinga ukwenza u-4 - 6 kg womquba endaweni ngayinye.
Ukhukhamba awubekezeli umhlabathi nge-asidi ephezuluNgakho-ke, ukuze kunciphise izinga le-asidi, kuyadingeka ukwengeza i-lime kumquba - 0.1-0.15 kg ngomitha ngamunye. imitha
Ngokuphathelene nezithako zamaminerali, i-phosphate kanye nengxenye yomquba womanyolo kudingeka kwenziwe ekwindla. Entwasahlobo, umhlabathi udinga ukukhululwa, ngoba umhlaba uhlanganiswe ngokwanele ngesikhathi sekwindla nobusika.
Ngemva kokukhipha, wonke ama-potashi nawo wonke umanyolo we-nitrogen kufanele asetshenziswe. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulondoloza umswakama oqoqwe enhlabathini phakathi nobusika. Ngalokhu udinga izikhathi ezingu-1 noma ezimbili ukuhlakulela inhlabathi, kodwa phezulu.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, cishe isonto nengxenye, udinga ukulungisa imibhede ngokwayo. Indlela enhle kakhulu yamakhukhamba kungaba yilapho ebizwa ngokuthi "imfudumalo". Ukuze ukwakhiwa kwalo udinga ukuthatha amapodi ambalwa weplywood noma amashidi weslate bese uqhubekela phansi emhlabathini.
Ngaphansi komsele owakhiwe kudingeka ubeke amagatsha, amaqabunga awile, izinaliti zephayini, utshani kanye ne-peat, futhi ukuphakama kwalolu ungqimba kungafinyelela ku-50 cm. Okulandelayo udinga ukukhipha imishanguzo yonke ingxube. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udoti kumele uqale uthululwe ngamanzi abilayo, bese uphathwa ngokucophelela ngesisombululo esinamandla sulfate sulfate.
Uma ukuqubuka komzimba kuphelile, kufanele kuthunyelwe ingxube ekhethekile phezu koqweqwe olukhona, ubukhulu obufanele bube ngu-12-15 cm. Le nhlanganisela kufanele yenziwe emhlabathini omuhle we-sod, humus, peat kanye ne-sawdust. Ngemuva kokuba konke sekubekwa kakade, udinga ukukhipha imishanguzo emzimbeni futhi ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate.
Akulimazi futhi ukufaka umanyolo ngamanyolo wamaminerali.
Lapho wonke amalungiselelo eseqedile, umbhede kufanele uhlanganiswe ne-polyethylene ebonakalayo bese ushiya kuze kube khona ukutshala izithombo. Ngenxa yokuchithwa kwemfucuza kanye nama-humus, ukushisa komhlaba kulombhede wensimu kuyoba mkhulu kunawo wonke umhlaba. Yingakho le ndlela ibizwa ngokuthi ikhula embhedeni oshisayo.
Kodwa uma ungeke ukwazi ukwenza amalungiselelo anjalo, khona-ke ungakwazi ukumane uqhube izithombo zibe phansi, kodwa emva kwalokho kuzodingeka wenze ikhava ye-arcs ne-polyethylene ebonakalayo. Indawo yokukhosela ingasuswa kuphela lapho izithombo ziqiniswa ngokwanele futhi ekugcineni zithatha izimpande endaweni evulekile.
Imbewu ingafakwa ngokushesha embhedeni, futhi ungasebenzisa indlela yokutshala.
Okokuqala kulungele kuphela lezo zindawo lapho izimo zezulu zikhululekile khona. Kodwa uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi imbewu iqinisekisiwe ukuba ihlume, kungcono ukukhula izithombo ekhaya.
Uma ukuhlwanyela imbewu ngqo embhedeni kungenziwa kuphela uma "kufudumele", kungenjalo kuhluma futhi akudingeki ulinde. Isikhathi sokutshala okunjalo siyisikhathi eside - ungaqala ukutshala kusukela ekupheleni kukaMeyi, futhi kuphelile ekupheleni kukaJuni. Into esemqoka ukuthi ukushisa kwenhlabathi kufinyelela ku-12 - 14 ° C.
Kuyaqinisekile lungiselela izinto zokutshala. Kungcono ukusebenzisa imbewu kumkhiqizi, kunokuba ekhaya, ngoba akulona iqiniso lokuthi uzothola umphumela olindelekile. Izimbewu ezithengiwe zivame ukuqedwa futhi zingenalutho, kodwa uma ungaqiniseki, ungenza lezi zinqubo ngokwakho.
Ukuze ususe yonke imbewu engenalutho, udinga ukuyiphonsa ngesisombululo se-salin etafuleni bese uwashiya khona isikhathi esifushane. Emaminithini ambalwa imbewu engenalutho iyophakama phezulu, futhi izinga lizohlala. Izitshalo ezihleliwe kahle kufanele zitshalwe.
Ukuze ususe i-disinfect material, kufanele uwasebenze ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate. Futhi ukuthuthukiswa kokukhula kungasetshenziswaukuze amahlumela avele ngokushesha.
Ngemuva kwakho konke lokhu, imbewu kumele ifakwe kuze kube yilapho ivuleka futhi kuvela amahlumela amancane okuqala. Ukuze wenze kahle le nqubo, udinga ukuvusa imbewu ngendwangu bese uwafaka emanzini ekamelweni lokushisa. Kudingeka bathululelwe ukuze amanzi aphezulu kakhulu kunezimbewu ngokwabo, ukuze bangavimbeli ukufinyelela kwe-oxygen.
Ngemuva kwe-naklevyvaniya enjalo kufanele ibenze lukhuni imbewu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, badinga ukufakwa efrijini ukuze izinga lokushisa lomoya libe yi--2 ° C. Ngemva kokuphelelwa amahora angu-48, imbewu kufanele ikwazi ukufaka ihrifri yayo futhi ngokushesha i-prikopat.
Uma uhlwanyela ngqo embhedeni, imbewu kufanele iqhubeke kakhulu, ngezikhathi ezingaba ngu-50 kuya kwezingu-60 cm. Kumele ifakwe emanzini angaba ngu-5 kuya ku-6 cm, ngokucindezela umunwe bese efafazwe umhlaba.
Uma wakhetha indlela yokutshala, kufanele ulungiselele imbewu ngendlela efanayo. Ukuze uzivimbele udinga enhlabathini ekhethekile, engatholakala kunoma yisiphi isitolo sabalimi.
Kanye nomhlaba wezithombo ungathenga iziqukathi ezikhethekile zezithombo. Lokhu kungaba amakhasethi epulasitiki kanye nezimbiza ze-peat, okungeke kudingeke ukuba ufinyelele kuzo izithombo uma utshalwe, kodwa uzilahle phansi kanye nezihlahla.
Uma unquma ukungathengi lezi zimbiza, izitsha zepulasitiki ezijwayelekile zizokwenza. Amathangi kudingeka agcwaliswe ngenhlabathi bese efakwa khona imbewu engu-2 evuvukile.
Ngaphambi kokuvela kwamahlumela okuqala, izinga lokushisa kufanele ligcinwe ku-+ 24 + 27 ° С, futhi uthele amanzi ekamelweni lokushisa. Ukuze ugcine umswakama isikhathi eside, ngaphambi kokuvela kwezithombo, kungcono ukumboza nge-plastic plastic or glass.
Endabeni yokuhluma kwezinhlobo zombili, kuzodingeka ukuthi ususe ihlumela elibuthakathaka. Awukwazi ukuwukhipha; udinga nje ukukusika eduze kwempande ukuze ungabangela ukulimala komunye umlingisi. Lapho amahlumela okuqala avela phezulu, izinga lokushisa kufanele lihlehliswe ku-+18 - 20 ° С.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlinzeka izithombo ngokukhanyisa okwanele, ngaphandle kwalokho kukhona ingozi ukuthi izokwelula. Ngeke kube nezinsuku ezingu-25 kuya kwezingu-30 kusukela ngesikhathi sokubonakala kwamahlumela okuqala, izithombo zizobe zihamba. Ngesikwele esingu-1. I-Meter ingafakwa izithombo ezingaphezu kuka-3.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda mayelana nokutshala ukhukhamba emgqonyeni.
Amakhukhamba Wokunakekela Ikhukhamba
- Ukunisela
- Ukugqoka okuphezulu
- Ukuhlanganisa
- Ukuvikelwa
Ngokuba ukhukhamba, umswakama womoya nomhlabathi kubaluleke kakhulu, ngakho ukuchelela kudlala indima ephambili ekunakekeleni ikhukhamba elihlaza. Amashidi alezi zitshalo anendawo enkulu kakhulu yokuphuza amanzi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ahlale ngaphansi kwelanga elishisayo, ngakho ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kuyinkulu kakhulu.
Amanzi kufanele abe sezingeni lokushisa, okungukuthi, aliphansi kuka-20 ° C. Kubalulekile ukugcwalisa ukungabi nomswakama ngokushesha emva kokuhluma kwembewu, uma imbewu yatshalwe ngokushesha emhlabathini. Ukunisela Izithombo nazo zidinga yenza njalo.
Uma izinga lokushisa lomoya likhuphuka ngaphezu kuka-25 ° C, ukuchelela kufanele kube yansuku zonke ukuze kuphole amaqabunga. Uma ingaphansi kwe-25 ° C, ukuphuza izihlahla nsuku zonke kungavunyelwe, ngaphandle kwalokho inhlabathi izokwenza imvelo enhle ekuthuthukiseni izifo.
Isikhathi esihle kakhulu sale nqubo amahora ekuseni noma kusihlwa ngemva kokushona kwelanga. Kuyinto engathandeki ukwenza lezi zenzo phakathi nosuku lapho ilanga liphakeme, ngoba, uma ingxenye yamanzi ifika emaqabungeni, izitshalo zingathola ukushisa kwelanga.
Lapho amahlathi efaka isigaba se-vegetative esebenzayo, okungukuthi, baqala ukuthela izithelo, ke udinga ukuwahambisa imini nobusuku, futhi empande nge-canering. Kuyinto engathandeki ukusebenzisa i-hose noma amabhakede enqubo enjalo, ngoba izimpande zingase zingabonakali ekunkeleni okunjalo, okuyinto ekugcineni kubangele ukuthi izihlahla zife.
Inani lokuchelela lixhomeke ekutheni ukuqina komhlabathi, kodwa ngokwesilinganiso kuba yi-1.5 - 2 amabhakede ngesitshalo ngasinye.
Ukudla kokuqala kumele kwenziwe uma amaqabunga amabili eqiniso esevele evele emathonjeni ezithombo. Kodwa, uma izithombo sezivele zinamandla ngokwanele, ngakho-ke akudingeki ukuthi usebenzise umanyolo.
Uma unqume ukondla amahlumela, kufanele udinga isisombululo sama-10 amalitha amanzi, 10 g we-ammonium nitrate, u-10 g we-usawoti we-potassium kanye no-10 g we-superphosphate ezihlahleni ezingu-10 kuya ku-15. Uma sekudlulile izinsuku eziyi-15 kusukela inqubo yokuqala, ungayiphinda, kodwa inani lamanyolo ngokwabo kuzodingeka liphindwe kabili.
Akunakwenzeka ukuthi umquba uwele esitshalweni sesitshalo, njengoba ukushiswa kwamakhemikhali kungase kuhlale ezihlahleni. Uma izinga lokuzala liphansi, noma amahlumela angathuthuki ngokwanele, khona-ke esikhundleni sokufaka umanyolo wamaminerali ngesikhathi sokudla okwesibili kufanele wengeze isisombululo se-mullein noma umquba wezinkukhu.
Uma uqaphela ukuthi wonke ama-ovari awile emahlathini, futhi amaqabunga aphenduke aphuzi, khona-ke lokhu kubufakazi obuqinisekile bokuthi izitshalo azikho ukudla okwanele.
Namuhla, indlela yokwakhiwa kwamakhukhamba ekhulayo iye yathandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi, njengoba izihlahla, eziboshwe ngokusekelwa, zingenakwenzeka kakhulu ukuba zigule ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuxhumana phakathi kwesiqu nomhlabathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndlela ikhulisa inani lemvelo mahhala, futhi inqubo yokuvuna iba lula kakhulu.
Ngokuqondene nesikhathi esiphezulu se-garter, kuza lapho amahlathi efinyelela khona ubude buka-30 cm. Into ebaluleke kakhulu kule nqubo akuyona ukulimaza amahlumela ngokwabo.
Akukhona nje kuphela izakhiwo ze-tapestry ezingasetshenziswa njengesekelo. Ungabeka iziqu ezimbili eduze kwesihlahla, futhi phakathi kwazo zidonsa ucingo noma intambo, okuzodinga ukubopha ezihlahleni. Kungcono ukubopha iziqu ngemigqa ebanzi yendwangu engeke ikwazi ukulimaza isihlahla, nokuyibeka emanzini amakhulu.
Awukwazi kakhulu ukuqinisa isendwangu, ukuze kungabi ngengozi uvimbele i-juice yamanje phezulu kwesibhamu.
Izifo ezivame kakhulu zekhukhamba ziyi-verticillary wilt, isikhutha samanga neqiniso se-powdery, i-olive blotch ne-mosaic virus.
Eqinisweni, zonke lezi zifo zinendlela yokwelapha eyodwa. Izihlahla zidinga ukucubungula izixazululo ze-fungicides ene-copperokuqinisekisile ukukhipha ithuba lokutheleleka, noma ukumane ubulale i-fungus.
Ukucubungula kufanele kwenziwe 3 - 4 izikhathi ngekhefu lezinsuku ezingu-10. Izinyathelo zokuvimbela nezokwelashwa ziyafana. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi ungasebenzisi ama-fungicide, kodwa amanye amalungiselelo aqukethe ithusi. Zisebenzise ngokwemiyalo.
Manje kusobala ukuthi ukutshala ukhukhamba ensimini akuyona into enzima kakhulu. Kwanele ukukhumbula ukuthi ukhukhamba yizitshalo ezincane kakhulu. Kodwa into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuphatha izitshalo zakho ngothando nokukhathalela, ngoba baphila futhi bazizwa konke. Ngenxa yalokho, bazokukhokhela ngemali efanayo.
