Uma uhamba emgwaqweni kunoma yimuphi indawo ye-suburban, cishe ungathola izakhiwo ezingavamile zefilimu, ingilazi noma i-polycarbonate.
Sekuyisikhathi eside abantu basebenzisa lezi zakhiwo, ezibizwa ngokuthi izithombo zokugcina izithombo, ukuze bakhule izinhlobo ezahlukene zezitshalo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka.
Lo mbono uzwakala uzama, kodwa kudinga isikhathi esiningi, umzamo futhi, ngeshwa, imali. Kodwa endaweni epholile kakhulu kuyoba nzima ukukhula isivuno esihle, isibonelo, ukhukhamba, okungajabulisa iso lakho. Ngakho-ke, kusadingeka ukutshala izimali kuleso sakhiwo, ngoba lezi zindleko zizokhokha noma yikuphi.
Ikhukhamba ekhulayo ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo yinkqubo enzima kakhulu. Kunezincomo ezihloswe ekuqedeni ngempumelelo inkathi yezolimo kanye nokwamukelwa kwamakhukhamba ngokunambitheka okumangalisayo kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu.
Noma iyiphi indlela yokutshala izitshalo ezihlukahlukene, kubandakanya ukhukhamba, inezinzuzo nezinkinga zayo. Ukhetho lokushisa luwela kulolu hlobo, ngakho kufanele ukhokhele kancane lokhu ngaphambi kokuthenga ifilimu noma ama-polycarbonate amashidi. Kunezinzuzo ezingcono kule ndlela kunamaminithi.
Kuya kufanelekile Amaqiniso anjengokuthi ukhuphuka ukhukhamba okhulayo ngesikhathi sasekwindla-ebusika, ukutshalwa kwezimila ezithengiswayo, kanye nethuba lokukhulisa izinhlobo ezikhangayo kakhulu ezazisetshenziselwa ukugxila ezifundeni eziseningizimu.
Kuya ukungalungi Kodwa-ke, izindleko zokukhiqiza i-greenhouse ngokwayo zingabalwa, futhi izindleko zombili zisebenza kanye nezemali. Kunombono wokuthi ukhukhamba lokushisa ungaphansi kokunambitheka emhlabathini. Kodwa lesi sisho sisebenza kuphela kulabo balimi abangakhathazeki kakhulu ngezwe labo kanye nezitshalo ezihlala khona.
Uma unakekelwa kahle futhi unakekelwa kahle, ungathola isitshalo esinjalo samakhukhamba, okubili, okungaphandle, ngekhwalithi, futhi ekunambithekeni, kuyoba izikhathi eziningana kangcono kunokukhukhamba komhlaba.
Ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu noma izithombo, kufanele ulungiselele ngokucophelela i-greenhouse ngokwayo, ukuze kamuva kungabi nambuzo ngokuthi kungani isivuno sibi, noma amahlathi ashona.
Ukulungiswa kokushisa okushisa kwenziwa ekwindla, emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuvuna, futhi kuhloswe ukukhipha imishanguzo emagcekeni, nokukhulisa inhlabathi.
Okokuqala udinga ukuhlola ukuthi ingabe isakhiwo saso sonke. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlela ukuhlolwa okunjalo ngesikhathi sezulu esibanda, lapho imitha ingabhidliza ingxenye ethile yefilimu noma ishidi le polycarbonate elingathinti kahle ifreyimu.
Kubalulekile ukususa zonke izinhlayiya kanye nazo zonke izinsalela zezitshalo ezikhulayo ebusweni bokushisa ngaphambi, futhi zisusa cishe u-5 cm wenhlabathi ephezulu, ngoba kuleli zwe ukuthi amafungus kanye nezilokazane zingasala.
Disinfect the ground Ungasebenzisa i-copper sulfate (isisombululo ngamalitha ayi-10 wamanzi isipuni se-vitriol). Izinga lokugeleza kwesisombululo kufanele libe ngesilinganiso samalitha ayi-10 ngamaminithi angama-15 kuya kwangu-20. umhlabathi. Kudingeka ukhumbule ukusebenzisa umanyolo ekwindla ukuthuthukisa inhlabathi. Kulokhu udinga isikwele esingu-1. imitha kumele isetshenziswe ku-15 - 20 kg wamanyolo angasebenzi, 30 - 40 g we-potash nama-phosphorus umquba.
Uma i-acidity yenhlabathi iphezulu, kuyadingeka ukwengeza i-lime ka-0.2 - 0.5 kg kuye ngokuthi yizinga. Ama-nitrogen fertilizer akufanele asetshenziswe kusukela ekwindla. Lezi zokugqoka zenziwa kuphela entwasahlobo.
Uma kwakungenakwenzeka ukulungisa inhlabathi ekwindla, le nqubo ihlehliswa ukuze ishicilelwe. Kulesi simo, kudingeka usebenzise umquba okhethekile, owawuthola ukwelashwa okushisa ukuze ugweme ukufakwa kwanoma yikuphi izifo ezifayo noma ezibangelwa igciwane.
Lapho kufika entwasahlobo, isikhathi sokutshala sizobe sisondela futhi sisondelene, esimweni sokushisa kwefilimu oyidingayo donsela ungqimba wesibili wengubongakho-ke ukushisa kwebusuku ebusuku akulimazi kakhulu ikhukhamba elithandayo lokushisa. Imibhede yekhukhamba kufanele ibe mkhulu ngokwanele (ububanzi kufanele bube ku-1 m).
Kunezinketho eziningi zokuhlela imibhede yekhukhamba ezikhulayo.
Okukhethwa kukho kuqala ukutshalwa kwendabuko emhlabathini, kuphela okokuqala okudingeka ukwenze isilayidi esincane eside, lapho uzodinga khona ukutshala izithombo.
Okukhethwa kwesibili nokwesithathu kusetshenziswa imibhede ephakeme. Kulezi zimo, izwe ngeke lidingeke lifakwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ngoba umquba uzoba yisisekelo sezintaba ezincane. Amagama ala mibhede ayifanekisela - "ashisayo" futhi "afudumele." Kuzo zombili izimo, udinga ukwakha izindonga zamagquma ngamasentimitha angu-35 ubude, futhi ibanga eliphakathi kwawo kufanele libe ngamasentimitha angu-60 kuya kwangu-70.
Uma kwenzeka umbhede "oshisayo," inhlanganisela yenkomo entsha nemifino yehhashi kumele ichithe ngaphakathi kwendawo encane encane (kunesidingo esincane kakhulu sehhashi). Izitshalo kumele zigcwalise inhlabathi evuthayo ngendwangu engaba ngu-25 cm, bese uthela amanzi amaningi.
Kulokhu, asikho isidingo sokuvuna izitshalo kusengaphambili, kodwa ungakwazi ukuhlwanyela imbewu ngokushesha embalweni ngokubala kwembewu emibili ngalunye kanye nezihlahla ezingu-4 kumitha eyodwa yesikwele. m
Endabeni yemibhede yomquba, esikhundleni somquba, umquba wensimu kufanele usetshenziswe, okungukuthi, sawdust, utshani endala, iziqongo. Uma konke kuhlanganiswe embhedeni, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezisheshisa ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo. Ngalendlela yokulima, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuba ungayishiyi imbewu, kodwa izithombo ezikhulile kakade, futhi ngendlela efanayo.
Ngokuqondene nokutshala izithombo zekhukhamba, konke kulula. Kungcono ukusebenzisa imbewu ezithengiwe, njengembewu yasekhaya akunakwenzeka ukuthola izithelo ngezici ezilindelekile.
Okokuqala, imbewu kudingeka iphole. Ukwenza lokhu, badinga ukumbozwa ngendwangu bese uthele amanzi ekamelweni lokushisa, kepha amanzi kufanele ahlanganise kuphela izithombo ukuze bakwazi ukufinyelela emoyeni. Emanzini, kufanele alale phansi kuze kube khona amahlumela amancane okuqala, okungukuthi, ngaphambi kwe-naklevyvaniya.
Lapho imbewu ihlume, kufanele ifakwe efrijini, lapho izinga lokushisa lingekho ngezansi -2 ° C. Kudingeka isidingo esingakapheli amahora angu-48. Uma lezi zinsuku ezimbili zidlulela, indaba yokutshala kumele ifakwe ngokushesha emhlabathini. Kungcono ukusebenzisa izimbiza ze-peat, ezingaba yi-prikopat kanye nezithombo, kepha izinkomishi zeplastiki noma amateyipu nazo ziyahamba.
Kungcono ukuthenga inhlabathi esitolo esikhethekile, njengoba ekukhiqizeni kwayo umhlaba uthuthukiswa ngokukhethekile. Ngomthamo ongu-1 kufanele uhambe ngezinhlamvu ezimbili. Kuze kuvele amahlumela okuqala, izinga lokushisa lomoya kufanele libe ngaphakathi +22 - 28 ° С.
Ngokuphathelene nesikhathi sokutshala, udinga ukukhumbula ngeminyaka enhle yezithombo. Unezinsuku ezingu-21 kuya kwezingu-30. Uma izithombo "zihlala" ezimbizeni isikhathi eside, khona-ke kuyoba nzima kakhulu ukuba zihlome emhlabathini, kanti ezinye zazo zingase zife.
Kukhona ithuba lokuthi izithombo zizokwelula. Lesi isibonakaliso esiqinisekile sokuntuleka kokukhanya. Kulokhu udinga unikeze ukukhanyisa okwengeziwe usebenzisa izibani ezikhethekile. Lapho amahlumela okuqala avela phezulu, izinga lokushisa lizodinga ukunciphisa izinga le-+18 - 20 ° С. Njengoba izithombo zikhula ngezimbiza, kuzodingeka ungeze inhlabathi.
Ikhukhamba iyisiko elibucayi kakhulu, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukuhambisa izithombo, njengoba le nqubo ingalimaza izitshalo ezincane kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokutshala, izithombo kufanele zibe nomqhubi oqinile ophakathi kwezingu-30 cm ubude, ama-internodes amafushane, izimpande ezinhle, kanye namaqabunga amathathu kuya kwangu-4 ombala omnyama obumnyama.
Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukufunda ngezinhlobo ezizimele zemikhukhamba.
Ngokuqondene nezinhlobo zekhukhamba ezingakhula endaweni yokushisa, ukhetho lukhulu kakhulu. Okuziwa kakhulu kuchazwe ngezansi.
Ibanga "Murashka"
I-hybrid yokuqala iyinxenyehenkarpik (eyodwa engadingi impova).
Kusukela lapho izithombo zihluma baze zifake, kufinyelela izinsuku ezingu-42 kuya kwezingu-45.
Lokhu kuhluka kungokwamakhukhamba enqwaba. Izihlahla ze-sredneroslye, ezinomkhawulo we-lateral branching.
Izithelo ziyingayizi ephakathi, zifinyelela ubude buka-8-12 cm, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka embala, ngama-tubercles amakhulu kanye ne-pubescence emnyama. Ukudla kuhle kakhulu, akukho ukufutheka. Inhloso iyonke.
Ayithintekile kokubili izinhlobo ze-powdery isikhutha.
Hlunga "Umfana onomunwe"
Izinhlobonhlobo zakudala, kuphela izinsuku ezingu-39 kuphela kusukela ngesikhathi sokuvela kuze kube isikhathi lapho izihlahla ziqala ukuthela izithelo.
Ezitshalweni, uhlobo lwezinsikazi zezimbali, kanye nokuzivikela ezikhungweni eziyinhloko ze-ikhukhamba. Izithelo zihle, kuze kufike ku-11 cm ubude, zithole isisindo esingaba ngu-50 kuya ku-65 amagremu, i-gherkins yangempela. Inhloso iyonke.
Ibanga "Izinzuzo"
I-mid-season hybrid (izinsuku ezingu-43 kuya ku-50). Ukuzivocavoca, uhlobo lwemibala - isifazane.
Izithelo zikhulu, zilinganisa 100-120 g, zifinyelela ubude buka-10-12 cm, zihluma kahle.
Ukudla kuhle kakhulu, nenyama nantambo ayibuhlungu.
I-Zelentsy ifaneleke ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa kokubili kokusha futhi kusetshenziswe.
Ekuphikeleni kwe-hybrid kuzo zonke izinhlobo zomculi we-mealy, futhi ukufaka izimpande zokubola kufakwa.
Hlunga "i-Alekseich"
I-parthenocarpic hybrid, iqala ukuthela izithelo ngokushesha - emva kwezinsuku ezingu-37 kuya kwezinsuku ezingu-43 emva kokusuka kokuqala.
Uhlobo lwezimbali - owesifazane.
Izihlahla zinobukhulu ngokwemvelo, zohlobo lokubamba.
Ama-Zelentsy amancane, afika ku-60 - 80 g futhi afika ku-7 - 8 cm ubude.
Ukunambitheka kuyamnandi kakhulu, ngakho ukhukhamba lalezi zinhlobonhlobo zisetshenziselwa amasaladi, kanye no-salting noma i-pickling.
I-Hybrid ayithinteki ngesikhuthazo sangempela noma esincane.
Ibanga "Emelya"
I-parthenocarpic yokuqala, i-hybrid, yokuvuthwa idinga izinsuku ezingu-40 - 45.
Izihlahla zihlala zingenakulinganiswa, ama-ovari ahlelwe ezinhlangothini, izimbali ziyizinsikazi eziningi, ama-stepons akhiwa kakhulu.
Izithelo zinambitheka kakhulu. Inhloso iyonke.
Izithombo zokushayela zingaba phakathi - ekupheleni kukaMeyi, lapho usongo lwama-night frost seludlulile, futhi izinga lokushisa ligcinwe phezulu.
Kungenzeka ukulahla izihlahla ezingu-3 kuya ku-4 endaweni ngayinye yensimu ukuze izitshalo zingagcwele, futhi azizwa zingekho ukukhanya.
Izici ukunakekela ukhukhamba
Ukunakekela ikhukhamba elishisayo endaweni yokushisa akufani neze nokunakekela izitshalo zenhlabathi. Lapho wenza imibhede, udinga ukufaka i-trellis eqinile ngaphezu komugqa ngamunye wobumba ukuze ikhukhamba ihlushwe ingasetshenziswa kuyo.
Okokuqala udinga ukubopha izithombo. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ezinsukwini ezintathu ukuya kwezingu-5 emva kokufakelwa kwesitshalo.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula, ihlumela idinga ukuqaliswa phezu kwe-trellis, futhi izindawo zekink kufanele zihambisane nama-interstices.
Qinisekisa ukuthi uphahla futhi uphonsa amahlathi ukuze angatholi inqwaba yemifino yemifino.
Isihlahla ngasinye sakhiwa sibe isiqu esisodwa. Uma ubude bebhola eliphakathi kwe-20-30 cm liphakeme ngaphezu kokusekelwa, sekuyisikhathi sokulipha. Izansi ezingaphansi kwezingu-2 - 3 kumele zisuswe kanye nazo zonke izimbali. Ama-stepsons alandelayo angu-5 kuya kwangu-6 kufanele ahlukaniswe ezingeni lephepha lokuqala.
Amahlumela angaphandle akhula phakathi kwehlumela, udinga ukusika ngaphezulu kwekhadi lesibili, nalabo abangaphezulu - ngaphezu kweyesithathu. Ngemuva kokuba lezi zinyane zisuswe noma zihlanjululwe, lesi sitshalo sizoqala izintsha, ezibizwa ngokuthi izingane zokutholwa ezimbili. Izinyathelo ezingezansi kudingeka zisuswe ngokuphelele, eziphakathi kufanele zihlulwe ezingeni leqabunga lokuqala, okuphezulu kufanele kunqunywe ezingeni lesibili.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuwahambisa kahle izihlahla ezindaweni ezibamba ukushisa, ngoba lezi zitshalo "azithandi" umswakama ophezulu. Konke kuncike ezimweni zezulu.
Uma isimo sezulu sishisa futhi sishisa, ukuphuza kumele kwenziwe nsuku zonke ngokubala kwamalitha angu-5 kuya ku-10 ngamanzi ngendawo yemitha. m. Uma idonswa emgwaqweni, ukuchelela kungenziwa njalo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Kungcono ukwenza le nqubo kusihlwa lapho izinga lokushisa kwamanzi lifinyelela phezulu.
Ukulawula ukushisa kudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni isiko lokukhukhamba. Uma izinga lokushisa lomoya liphakeme ngokwanele, kuyoba nzima ukuwinciphisa endaweni yokushisa. Ukwenza lokhu, umboze uphahla ngamashidi weplywood noma amakhadibhodi. Endabeni yokushisa okubamba ingilazi, konke kulula kakhulu.
Kwanele ukushayela uphahla, futhi umbala omhlophe uzobonisa imisebe yelanga. Ukufudumala kuzosiza ukulinganisa izinga lokushisa, ngakho-ke ku-15-35 ° С amasango omnyango kanye namafasitela we-greenhouse angashiywa evulekile.
Kubalulekile ukuhlola njalo izinga lokushisa kwenhlabathi, njengoba kufanele ligcinwe ku-16-18 ° С. Uma kungenjalo, izifo ezihlukahlukene kanye nezifungi ziyasebenza, okuzokwenza kancane kancane kuthinte ikhukhamba elihlaza. Kubalulekile ukutshala umhlabathi ngesikhathi sokukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwe-Kuts.
Ukugqoka kokuqala kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokuba izihlahla ziqale ukuqhakaza. Kulesi simo, kudingeka wenze umanyolo we-nitrojeni noma isisombululo somquba wezinkukhu. Ngemuva kwamasonto amabili, udinga ukufaka isikhathi sesibili, kepha kuphela umanyolo we-potassium ne-phosphate kufanele wengezwe ku-nitrogen.
Jikelele ukhukhamba "ayithandi" umanyolo owandayo futhi angase asabele kahle ekukhuliseni. Futhi ikakhulukazi uma ukhula utshani emibhede ephakeme, khona-ke ukukhulelwa kufanele kwenziwe kuphela njengesenzo sokugcina, uma kunezibonakaliso zokuntuleka kwesinye noma esinye isici.
Ukukhukhamba kwamakhukhamba kubamba lokushisa akulula njengoba kungase kubonakale ekuqaleni. Kwanele nje ukuba ukhumbule imithetho elula nezincomo ezizokusiza uthole isivuno esihle, esingenamahloni nje kuphela ukugqoka itafula lakho, kodwa nokuthengisa. Impumelelo ezenzweni zakho!
