"I-Tuscany" iyizambane ezinambitheka futhi ezithelayo ezihlukahlukene. Ingatshalwa emhlabathini owodwa, ezihlukahlukene zifanele amapulazi omuntu siqu, amapulazi nezindawo ezinkulu zezimboni.
Izihlahla ziphikisana nezifo nezinambuzane, zibekezelela izimo zesimo sezulu, futhi imbewu ayihlali isikhathi eside.
Incazelo eningiliziwe yezinhlobonhlobo, izici zayo eziyinhloko nezici zokulima zingatholakala esihlokweni sethu.
Umsuka
Izinhlobo zamazambane "i-Tuscany" ezakhiwe ngabalimi baseJalimane. Umsunguli nguSolana, inkampani ekhethekile ekukhiqizeni inhlamvu ethembisayo yemifino.
Ibanga liyanconywa ukulima kwezimboni noma ukutshayela amateur, Izilimo eziyizigaxa zingatshalwa kunoma iyiphi inhlabathiezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esinesibindi sezwekazi eliphansi. Amazambane afanele ukudayiswa, ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo esiphelile (amafriji aqhwaziwe, ama-soups mix, chips).
I-Tuscany Amazambane: incazelo ehlukahlukene nesithombe
| Igama leBanga | I-Tuscany |
| Izici ezijwayelekile | ithebula eliphezulu lokukhiqiza elihlukahlukene |
| Isikhathi sokubeletha | Izinsuku ezingu-70-90 |
| Okuqukethwe kwesitashi | 12-14% |
| Izikhulu eziyizilimo eziyizigaxa | 90-125gr |
| Inombolo yezilimo eziyizigaxa ehlathini | 7-11 |
| Ukuthela | Abangu-210-400 abaphakathi / ha |
| Ikhwalithi yabathengi | ukunambitheka okuhle, inyama ayifuni lapho ihlanjululwa, ithambeke kancane ebilisiwe |
| I-Recumbency | 93% |
| Umbala wesikhumba | ophuzi |
| Umbala we-Pulp | ophuzi |
| Izifunda ezikhulayo ezikhethiwe | noma yikuphi |
| Izifo zokuphikisa | ezihlukahlukene ziphikisana ne-nematode, umdlavuza, isikhumba, blackleg, rhizoctoniosis, ukumelana ngokulinganayo nokulimala kwekwephuzile kanye ne-tuber flora |
| Izici zokukhula | Ukuhluma izilimo eziyizigaxa ngaphambi kokutshala akudingeki, ukuchelela kuyadingeka ngenkathi eyomile |
| Umsunguli | I-Solana (eJalimane) |
I-Tuscany - ezihlukahlukene zetafula eziphakathi nonyaka zonyaka. Isikhathi semifino - izinsuku ezingu-70-90.
Ukukhiqiza kuxhomeke ezimweni zezulu kanye nenani lomsoco wenhlabathi, kusukela ku-210 ukuya ku-400 abaphakathi kwehektha ngalinye. Isivuno esikhulu esibhalwe phansi - ama-centre angu-460 ehektheleni. Amazambane avuthiwe amicably, izilimo eziyizigaxa zokuqala zingahle zibe phansi phakathi kwehlobo, kodwa isivuno esikhulu kufanele sihlehliswe kuze kube sekupheleni kwenkathi ekhulayo.
Ithebula elingezansi likhombisa ukuqhathanisa izivuno zezinye izinhlobo zamazambane ngezimiso ezahlukene zokuvuthwa:
| Igama leBanga | Ukuthela |
| I-Tuscany | Abangu-210-400 abaphakathi / ha |
| I-Rocco | 350-600 c / ha |
| Nikulinsky | 170-410 c / ha |
| Owesifazane obomvu | 160-340 c / ha |
| Uladar | 350-700 c / ha |
| Queen Anne | 100-500 c / ha |
| Elmundo | 245-510 c / ha |
| I-Asterix | 130-270 c / ha |
| Slavyanka | 180-330 c / ha |
| Picasso | 200-500 c / ha |
Izimpande ezivuniwe zigcinwe kahle, ngokusho kwedatha esemthethweni, izinga lokugcina lifinyelela ku-93%. Phakathi nesitoreji, izilimo eziyizigaxa azilahlekelwa yikhwalithi yazo yokuthengisa; ukuhlunga njalo akudingeki. Ukuhamba ibanga elide kunokwenzeka.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi yimaphi imigomo nokushisa kwesitoreji samazambane, yiziphi izinkinga ezingase ziphakame. Kanti futhi, ukuthi ungagcina kanjani izitshalo ezitshalweni ebusika, emkhathini, kumabhilidi, esiqandisini futhi ehlutshiwe.
Etafuleni elingezansi, uma siqhathanisa, sinikeze ulwazi ngezici ezinjalo zezinye izinhlobo zamazambane njengesixuku se-tuber yokuthengisa nokugcina ikhwalithi:
| Igama leBanga | I-mass of nezilimo eziyizigaxa zempahla (amagremu) | I-Recumbency |
| I-Tuscany | 90-125 | 93% |
| Innovator | 100-150 | 95% |
| I-Labella | 180-350 | 98% |
| Bellarosa | 120-200 | 95% |
| Umfula | 100-180 | 94% |
| I-Gala | 100-140 | 85-90% |
| I-Lorch | 90-120 | 96% |
| I-Lemongrass | 75-150 | 90% |
Ubusi obukhulu obuphakathi, namagatsha ahamba ngokulinganayo nokubunjwa okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Amaqabunga aphakathi nendawo, aluhlaza okomnyama, anemiphetho ye-wavy ebuthakathaka kanye nemivimbo elandelwa ngokucacile. Corollas compact, eqoqwe kusuka ezinkulu, ngokushesha falling izimbali ezimhlophe. Amajikijolo aphansi.
Uhlelo lwempande luyathuthuka kahle, luyakha ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye 7-11 amazambane amakhulu. Inani lezinto ezingezona ukuncintisana alincane.
Ukunakekelwa kokutshala kulula. Amazambane anconywa ukuba ahlelwe futhi aphathwe nge-stimulator yokukhula, inhlabathi ikhululiwe ngokuphelele, ihlanjululwe ukungcola, igcwele ama-humus noma umuthi wokhuni. Ngokuphindwe kabili phakathi nesikhathi sokutshala, hlela, ngenkathi ususa ukhula. Ukuvimbela ukubukeka kwabo esikhathini esizayo kuzosiza ukuhlanganisa i-mulching.
Ngenkathi eyomile, ukuchelela kunconywa, lokhu kukhulisa kakhulu isivuno. Kungenzeka ukondla kanye nesicucu esigcwele samaminerali noma udaba oluphilayo.
Ukondla okwesikhashana ama-potato plantings ngamanani afanele kungathinta kakhulu isivuno.Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ungadla kanjani amazambane, nini futhi kanjani ukusebenzisa umanyolo, ukuthi ungayenza kanjani uma utshala.
Izinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana nomdlavuza wamazambane, i-nematode ye-golden cystocephal, isikhala esivamile, i-rhizoctoniosis, i-tuber rot, umlenze omnyama. Ukuvinjelwa kwesikhathi eside kwezilimo eziyizigaxa kanye namaqabunga kuyamaphakathi.
Amandla nobuthakathaka
Phakathi kwezinzuzo eziyinhloko ezihlukahlukene:
- ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ezivuthiwe;
- ukumelana nomonakalo okwenziwa ngomshini;
- ukuzithoba;
- ukubekezelelana ngokweqile kwezulu;
- ukubekezelelana kwesomiso;
- isikhathi sokuphumula esifushane;
- isivuno esihle;
- ukuphikisa izifo ezivamile zomshoshaphansi.
Izici zempande
- Izilimo eziyizigaxa zinkulu, zilinganisa ukusuka ku-90 kuya ku-125 g;
- umumo ojikelezayo oval;
- Imifino yemifino ihle, ihle, ihambisana nomumo nosayizi;
- i-peel iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, imbala enemibala, iyingcosana encane, ibushelelezi;
- amehlo angenasisekelo, angajulile, ambalwa, angaphiliwe;
- i-pulp ekunqunyeni iphuzi noma iphuzi eliphuzi;
- Umthamo we-starch uphansi, kusuka ku-12 kuya ku-14%;
- Indaba eyomile yokuqukethwe 19%;
- okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamaprotheni, amavithamini, i-beta carotene.
Amazambane anomunambitheka omuhle, awumile kakhulu futhi awunamanzi. Izilimo eziyizigaxa lapho ukusika kungabi mnyama, ngesikhathi sokupheka ungabilisi kahle, ugcine umbala obala obala ophuzi. Amazambane angabiliswa, athosiwe, aphekwe, aphekwe, afanele ukwenza amazambane ahlambulukile. Ingasetshenziselwa izinhloso zezimboni, imifino yezimpande yenza ama-chips amahle, tincetu ezibandisiwe noma amazambane angcolile.
Isithombe
Sikunikeza ukuthi ujwayele amazambane "i-Tuscany" esithombeni:
Izici zokukhula
Amazambane ahlaziyekile ekunakekeleni futhi awadingi izindlela ezikhethekile zokulima. Kukhethwa umhlabathi ovundile ovundile, kepha ukutshala nge-loam esindayo nakho kungenzeka. Kulesi simo, inhlabathi kumele ifakwe ama-humus, futhi inqubo yokukhula ukutshala izitshalo nge-complex fertilizer.
Ukufika kuqhutshwa enhlabathini egcwele ukufudumala, isikhathi esiqondile sincike esifundeni. Inhlabathi kufanele ikhululiwe ngokucophelela, izihlahla zikhona kude no-30 cm komunye nomunye, ne-60 cm emgqeni wokukhala. Ukujula kuncane, okungaphezulu kuka-10 cm.
Potato umswakama-onothandoKunconywa ukucubungula uhlelo lokunisela lokunisela. Uma lokhu kungenakwenzeka, ukutshala okungenani izikhathi ezingu-2 ngesinye isikhathi ngenkathi inhlabathi imisa ngamasentimitha angu-50. Ukuze kugcinwe izinga elijwayelekile lomswakama, kunconywa ukuba udibanise imigqa emkhatsini wezintambo noma utshani obunamanzi.
Iphuzu elibalulekile lokunakekelwa - ukukhuphuka ngokubunjwa kwamagquma aphezulu.Funda mayelana nokuthi ungayikhiqiza kanjani, ukuthi ungayenza kanjani ngesandla futhi ugandaganda ohambahamba phambili, kuyadingeka ukwakha izitshalo nhlobo futhi kungenzeka yini ukuba uthole isivuno esihle ngaphandle kokusikhipha nokwakha?
Ukutshala kunconywa ukuba ukondle kanye nezindaba eziphilayo noma umanyolo obunzima wamaminerali. Izinkimbinkimbi ezine-nitrogen azikwazi ukuhlukunyezwa, izilimo eziyizigaxa ziyoba ezincane nezincane. Sebenzisa nokugqoka okuphezulu kwe-foliar ngesisombululo se-superphosphate. Izihlahla zifuthiwe izinsuku ezingu-10 ngaphambi kokuvuna.
Kunezindlela eziningi zokutshala amazambane. Sikulungisele ulwazi oluningi oluthakazelisayo ngalesi sihloko. Funda mayelana nobuchwepheshe beDutch futhi uthola isitshalo ngaphandle kokusilahla nokukhuphuka, ngokukhula kwezinhlobonhlobo zakudala nendlela yokuguqula leli bhizinisi libe ibhizinisi elinenzuzo. Futhi futhi mayelana nendlela yokukhulisa amazambane kusuka enzalweni, ngaphansi komsila, emibhawulweni, emasakeni, ebhokisini.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Ukuphazamisa okwesikhashana
Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukutshala kunconywa ukuba uchithe izidakamizwa eziqukethe ithusi. Ukwethulwa kwezingodo emhlabathini ngesikhathi sokutshala kuzosiza ekuvimbeleni ukubonakala kwezimpande ukubola noma blackleg.
Funda futhi nge-Alternaria, i-fusarium ne-wilting yama-apula.
Ngokuqondene nezinambuzane, isongo esiyinhloko sokutshala simelelwa yi-Colorado mbatata beetle kanye nezibungu zalo, ama-wireworms, amabhere, ama-mbatata amabhu. Esizindeni sethu uzothola ulwazi oluningi oluwusizo ngalesi sihloko:
- Indlela yokubhekana ne-Colorado amazambane beetle: amakhambi abantu namakhemikhali.
- Indlela yokukhipha u-wireworm ensimini.
- Amalungiselelo ama-moth moth: ingxenye 1 nengxenye 2.
- Indlela yokubhekana neMedvedka ngosizo lwamakhemikhali namakhemikhali.
Izinambuzane ze-industrial ezisiza ezinambuzane ezindizayo. Vikela ukuhlwanyela kusuka ku-wireworm futhi kungaphathwa ngezilimo eziyizigaxa, ukufaka amagciwane emhlabathini ngaphambi kokutshala. Lapho kuvuna, kubalulekile ukhethe zonke izilimo eziyizigaxa ezivela emhlabathini ongase ube indawo yokuzalanisa izibungu.
Hlunga "ITuscany" - Ikhethelo elikhulu kulabo abathandayo amazambane aphezulu okuzalanisa. Idumela lenkampani liqinisekisa ukuvunwa okuphezulu, ukunambitheka okukhulu kakhulu nokubukeka kahle kwezilimo eziyizigaxa. Izihlahla ziphikisana nezifo, azidingi ukunakekelwa okubuhlungu, ziqothule ngokuphelele kunoma iyiphi inhlabathi.
Siphinde sinikele nezinye izinhlobo zamazambane ngezimiso zokuvuthwa ezahlukene:
| Ukuvuthwa kwesikhashana | Ngaphambi kokuqala | Ukuphumula okuphakathi |
| Picasso | I-Black Prince | Ubuhle |
| Ivan da Marya | Nevsky | I-Lorch |
| I-Rocco | Darling | Ryabinushka |
| Slavyanka | Nkosi yama-expanses | Nevsky |
| I-Kiwi | Ramos | Isibindi |
| Ikhadineli | Taisiya | Ubuhle |
| I-Asterix | I-Lapot | Milady | Nikulinsky | Caprice | Vector | I-Dolphin | Svitanok Kiev | The hostess | Sifra | I-Jelly | Ramona |
