Amapulazi amaningi amancane angasese namapulazi amakhulu akhiqiza onogwaja bezinhlobo zenyama. Kulo gatsha lokulondoloza izilwane, ikhwalithi yohlobo oluhlwanyelwe kubaluleke kakhulu njengenzuzo esheshayo yesisindo. Lo mhlaba ugcwele ngokugcwele uhlobo lwe-French hybrid of onogwaja, i-chicol.
Incazelo kanye nezici ze-hybrid
Uhlobo lweJikol luyaluzwa ngokuthola isisindo esisheshayo, ngakho-ke umgomo oyinhloko wokuzalanisa la onogwaja uyinyama yokudla ephezulu kakhulu. Izingane ezincane zaze zafinyelela ku-50 g isisindo ngosuku. Ukukhishwa kwenyama evamile ekuhlatshweni kungaphezu kwesigamu isisindo esiphelele sogwaja. 
Uma kuzaliswa lolu hlobo, umfuyi wezilwane kufanele alungiselele ukuthi izinkinga zizovela ngesikhathi sokuzala ngokwemvelo. Ukuze ulondoloze ukuhlanzeka komugqa we-hybrid, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa kuphela ukusabalalisa okufakelwayo, okudinga izindleko ezinkulu, ngakho-ke kuzuzisa kakhulu ukuzala lezi onogwaja emapulazini amakhulu.
Uyazi? I-rabbit brood ngokuvamile iqukethe ama-10-12 cubs, azalwa emva kokubeletha kwezinsuku ezingu-30. Abesilisa balungele ukuzalanisa ezinyangeni eziyisikhombisa, nabesifazane - ngezinyanga ezingu-4. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngonyaka owodwa unogwaja wesifazane angakwazi ukukhiqiza izinhloko ezingamakhulu angu-800.
Umlando we-Inference
Unogwaja wezinkolo ze-chikol yi-hybrid, etholakala ngenxa yokukhethwa kwemisebenzi yezazi ze-biologists zaseFrance. Kuze kube yilolu suku, inkampani yaseFrance "Hipfarm" igcina ukuzimela ekuzalweni kwalolu hlobo. Le nkampani inezinhlamvu ezithengisa lezi zilwane emazweni ahlukahlukene emhlabeni.
Standard
Ijaji lika-Jikol lesambatho lendwangu lidwetshwe ngemibala ekhanyayo: ngokuvamile lezi yizinto ezihlukahlukene ezimhlophe, ezimpunga kanye ne-beige. Umbala wombala wombobo uyenzeka futhi: lokhu kuyilapho izinwele ezindlebeni nasempumeni zinombala omnyama kunayo yonke ingubo yoboya. 
Izinga lokubeletha:
- ubude bomzimba 50-54 cm;
- isisindo somzimba 4.5-5 kg;
- ikhanda elincane lihlezi entanyeni emfushane;
- umphuzi kancane kancane;
- umhlane ububanzi futhi uphansi;
- emuva komzimba kunkulu kakhulu kunaphambili;
- umbala wamehlo - obomvu ngombala ogqamile;
- amehlo ahlukaniswe kakhulu;
- isisu sincishisiwe;
- imilenze yangaphambili imifushane futhi ibanzi;
- umsila omfushane futhi oqondile, ugxilile ngokuqinile emzimbeni;
- izindlebe ezimfushane (kuze kube ngu-11 cm), i-pubescent ngakolunye uhlangothi.
Hlola izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zokuhlobisa futhi zokuhlalisa onogwaja.
Amandla nobuthakathaka
I-Hikol yindlela ethandwa kakhulu e-broiler phakathi kwababelethi babanogwaja, njengoba kunezinzuzo ezicacile:
- inzuzo yesisindo esheshayo;
- isivuno esihle sempilo emva kokuhlatshwa (isisindo somzimba esingu-60%);
- ukuhluleka ukukhathalela.
Ukungahleleki kohlobo kungabhekwa kuphela ngokungenakwenzeka kokukhiqiza kwemvelo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa izimfanelo ze-hybrid. Ukuhlanzeka komugqa wokuzalanisa kungatholakala kuphela ekuqothulweni okufakelwayo. Lapho abesilisa nabesifazane bewela uhlobo lwe-chicol, ukuhlanzeka kohlobo kulahlekile emva kwezizukulwane ezingu-2-3.Ukugcinwa nokunakekelwa
Ukuze uthole imiphumela ephakeme, umfuyi we-rabbit udinga ukuhlinzekela izimo ezihle kakhulu zokugcina izilwane ezifuywayo: izinqolobane ezivulekile nezifudumele, ukulala okumile, ukudla okunomsoco kahle. Kubalulekile ukungakhohlwa ukugoma okufika ngesikhathi, ngoba lezi zilwane zitholakala kalula ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi.
Uyazi? Unogwaja unemilenze eyindilinga eqinile kakhulu evumela ukuba bagxume kakhulu futhi aphezulu. Lezi zilwane zigijima ngaphezu kwesigamu semitha ukusuka emhlabathini futhi inqamu eyodwa eyodwa inqobe ibanga elifinyelela ku-1.2 m.
Ukukhethwa nokuhlelwa kwamaseli
Uma ugcina onogwaja obunikazi obunikwe ngamakheji, lezi zidingo ezilandelayo kufanele zicatshangelwe:
- I-rabbit jikol iqukethe emaseleni anezansi. Njengoba izinhlayiya zesilwane zihlelwe kahle, i-slatted floor ngeke iwalimaze. Izansi ngesimo segridi noma igridi zizokwenza ukuhlanza ikamelo kube lula, njengoba lidlula ngokukhululekile imfucuza kogwaja. Amakheji ayenziwe ngamapulangwe noma ensimbi, lokhu kungcono kakhulu, ngoba ama-rodents eminyakeni embalwa enza izingxenye zokhuni zingenakusetshenziswa.
- Izansi zihlanganiswe utshani obomile, olushintshwa kuze kube izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngesonto. Njengotshani, ungathatha futhi izihlahla ze-sawdust hhayi amatshe avuselelayo. Udoti kufanele ube yi-hygroscopic futhi ifudumele.
- Amangqamuzana omlenze angafakwa emathangeni amaningana - omunye ngaphezulu kwesinye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi akumele kube khona amakheji aphansi emhlabathini noma phansi komlenzeli; kufanele kube nemilenze noma izimbuzi ngaphansi kwazo (okungenani ama-40-50 cm phezulu). Lokhu kuyadingeka ukudala igebe lomoya phakathi komoya obandayo eduze nesiteji nasenhlakeni.
- Ubungako bamakheji omunogwaja onama-brood: ubude bendlu buya kusuka ku-175 ukuya ku-185 cm, ububanzi bufinyelela ku-1 m, ubude bungu-55-70 cm. Amagundane kufanele abe nesikhala esanele sokunyakaza kwamahhala. "Isigceme sokubeletha" sokhuni sifakwe ezindlini zogwaja phambi kwe-okol: ibhokisi elincane lezinkuni elinokuvula ukungena. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuqothula, owesifazane uyadonsa umfutho wesambatho sakhe bese efaka phansi ebhokisini ngalo, okuyinto elungiselela izingane ukuba zibhebhethele futhi zipholile. Uma kufika isikhathi, unogwaja uhamba esibhedlela sokubeletha, lapho izingane zizalwa khona. Bazohlala lapho baze bakhule.
- Amadoda ngokuvamile athola isisindo somzimba kuze kube ngu-5 kg, ngakho-ke yilowo nalowo uzodinga ikheji elilodwa ukuya ku-130 cm ubude, kuze kube ngu-80 cm ububanzi, kuze kube ngu-60 cm high.
- Uma iqembu ligcina izilwane eziningana emgodini owodwa, ubukhulu bayo bubalwe ngale ndlela: ngokuba unogwaja owodwa, ubude bogwaja buyi-1 imitha, ububanzi nobude buyi-60 cm.
- Umgogodla wenogwaja kufanele ube nendawo ekwakhelwe kuyo hay. Ngokuvamile, igumbi elomile lokudla utshani lisekho ngaphandle kwendawo yokugcoba ukuze onogwaja bangadla kalula utshani obomile, kodwa abakwazi ukusakaza isondlo nxazonke.
- Ukuze uthole okusanhlamvu bese ukondla ngaphakathi kwendawo, amathreyi aqineke ngokuqinile emadongeni ohlangothini anikeziwe. Kusukela phansi kwegceke kuya emgodini wesondlo, ibanga elingama-20 cm lihlinzekwa, lokhu kuvimbela izilwane ukuba zihlukumeze emathreyini okuphakelayo.
- Amathangi amanzi okuphuza ahlelwe engxenyeni yangaphakathi engxenyeni yangasese ukusuka emgodini (15-20 cm), ukuze isilwane siphuze ngaphandle kokuma emilenzeni yaso.
Izimo zokuboshwa
Ehlobo, unogwaja onogwaja ungafakwa kokubili ngaphandle nangaphakathi. Kubalulekile ukukhetha izindawo ezivikelwe emoyeni nasenyakatho ezibandayo. Awukwamukeleki ukushaya uphahla lwesikhumba ngelanga eliqondile, njengoba izilwane ziyobhekana nokushisa ehlobo.
Kubalulekile! Unogwaja obomvu uveza inzalo kusukela ezinsukwini ezingu-28 kuya kwezingu-31 futhi ngokushesha ulungele ukushada futhi ugeze ngokushesha emva kokuqothula. Ukusabalalisa ngokweqile kuvame ukuqhutshwa phakathi kwezinsuku ezintathu emva kokuzalwa, futhi unogwaja uphinde uthathwe ukuthwala izingane.
Ebusika, amangqamuzana adluliselwa ekamelweni elihle kakhulu. Ukushisa okungcono kakhulu kokuqukethwe kwalolu hlobo lwama-hybrid kungu-20 ... +23 ° C. Kuyinto engathandeki ukuvumela i-thermometer ukuba iwele ngezansi + 16-17 ° C, ikakhulu ebusika. Abakhiqizi abesilisa abagcinwa ngamakheji angabodwa, onogwaja bahlala eqenjini labantu ababili noma abathathu egumbini elilodwa.
Ukunakekela nokuhlanzeka
Ikamelo lapho amangqamuzana atholakala khona angenawo umoya nsuku zonke. Usuku olwedlule, amangqamuzana ahlanzwa ngendwangu futhi ashintshe izimbiza ezingcolile ukuze zomile. Kanye ngenyanga amangqamuzana adinga ukuhlanzwa ngokujwayelekile nokucwiliswa. Ukwenza lokhu, bakhululiwe okwesikhashana kusuka kwabakhileyo, emva kwalokho bahlanzwa futhi bahlanzwa basebenzisa ama-detergents kanye nama-disinfectants. 
Ukuvinjelwa okugunyaziwe kuqhutshwa ngoMeyi, ngesikhathi sokuqala kwendiza yokumongika. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, umiyane wesifazane usakaze izifo ezithathelwanayo eziyingozi kumanogwaja, ngakho-ke, ukwesabisa lezi zinambuzane, yonke indawo yamaseli igcwele i-tar noma ngamafutha enjini.
Uyazi? Ukuzwa kweRabbit kusezingeni elifanayo njengabantu, kodwa futhi bangazwa imisindo ephezulu yemvamisa kuneleyo etholakala kubantu. Izindlebe zogwaja zikhonza njengezivakashi zomsindo futhi zingahamba ngokuzimela - umsebenzi owenziwa onogwaja ukucacisa ukuthi umsindo uvela kuphi.
Ukugonywa
Bonke onogwaja epulazini bayagonywa ngokumelene ne-myxomatosis kanye nesifo segciwane lesandulela ngculazi. Lokhu kungaba yinye yokugoma okujwayelekile kokubili izifo noma imishanguzo ehlukene yezifo ngasinye. 
Uhlelo lokugoma lwasanogwaja kusuka ezifweni ezibangelwa yi-viral hemorrhagic:
- Ukugonywa kokuqala - ngokugcwele amasonto angu-6, lapho uthola isisindo somzimba esingu-0.5 kg.
- Ukugoma kwesibili kwenziwa izinyanga ezintathu emva kokuqala. Kuyadingeka ukuhlanganisa ukukhulelwa okukhulayo.
- Zonke izigciwane ezilandelayo zenziwa ngezikhathi ezinyangeni eziyisithupha.
Funda futhi ngalezi zinhlobo zenyama ezinogwaja njenge: Soviet chinchilla, i-giant white, i-rabbit ye-Viennese eluhlaza, unogwaja we-Rex, i-Butterfly, unogwaja wase-Californien, u-Flandre no-rabbi eNew Zealand.
Uhlelo lokugonywa kogwaja kusuka ku-myxomatosis:
- Ukugoma kokuqala kwenziwa entwasahlobo, ubuncane bezilwane ezigonywe yizinyanga ezingu-4.
- Ukugonywa kwesibili - izilwane zigonywe amaviki amane emva kokugoma kokuqala.
- Ukugonywa kwesithathu - unogwaja umjovo wokujova 5-6 emva kokugoma kokuqala.
- Yonke imithi yokugoma elandelayo igcinwe kabili ngonyaka (ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo nasekwindla ekwindla).
Ezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo eziyingozi ezinogwaja.
I-Pasteurellosis, i-salmonellosis (i-paratyphoid fever), i-rabies ne-listeriosis: Izilwane ezisanda kuthengwa zigonywa ngalezi zinsuku ezinsukwini zokuqala ngemva kokuthola kwabo ngosizo lwegciwane eliyinkimbinkimbi. Uma usebenzisa imishanguzo ye-single-component ngokumelene nesinye sezifo, okungenani izinsuku ezingu-14 kumele zidlule phakathi kwemigomo.
Uyazi? I-Myxomatosis yisikhali sokuqala sezinto eziphilayo esisebenzisana nazo zonke izilwane. Ngo-1950, leli gciwane lasungulwa phakathi koogwaja base-Australia, okwakuyisikhathi esibe yinhlekelele kazwelonke, njengoba besidla bonke utshani, beshiya lutho kwezinye izilwane. Ngenxa yokuqothulwa kohlanga, inani labanogwaja e-Australia selinciphile kakhulu, kanti i-myxomatosis isakaze kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukuphakamisa onogwaja ngaphandle kwemigomo yokulwa nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.
Yini ongayidla
Emagumbini kufanele afakwe amathreyi okudla nabanathayo, onogwaja kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi abe nokufinyelela mahhala kubo. Ukuhlala njalo kugcwele ukudla. Amanzi ezitsheni zokuphuza aguqulwa kabili ngosuku. Umuntu ngamunye "angadla" izikhathi ezingaba ngu-50 ngosuku. Lawa ma-broilers angenakuzithoba ekudleni futhi ayajabula ukuthola yonke into ehlongozwayo.
Ehlobo
Ehlobo, inqwaba eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-dandelion, kanye ne-prickly thistle ifakwe ekudleni komdlavuza. Izitshalo zebhontshisi zondliwa, ukusetshenziswa kwazo kunciphisa isidingo sokudla okugcolile, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa izindleko zokulima. 
Ngama-kg angu-10 wezitshalo eziluhlaza zezitshalo ezikhanyayo, kunama-25 g we-protein egazini kakhulu. Izilwane zidla ngokuzithandela: imifino, imifino ehlanziwe ngaphambilini (izaqathe, ushukela isithombo sebhitrudi kanye netafula), okusanhlamvu, ummbila nokudla okulinganiselayo.
Kubalulekile! Esikhathini sasehlobo sogwaja, i-chicol ivuna ukuvuna hay. Isikhathi esihle sokuthengwa kwempahla siwela ngoJuni-Julayi. Ngalesi sikhathi, utshani bugcwele kakhulu amaprotheni futhi bunenani elikhulu kunomsoco.
Ebusika
Ebusika, izilwane zidla ukudla okuhlukahlukene: zidla utshani obomile, imifino ebilisiwe kanye nemifino, okusanhlamvu (okusanhlamvu, ibhali, ukolweni). Okudingekayo ukuze uthole inzuzo enhle yezinwele zokufaka umanyolo kuhlanganisa ukulinganisa kwansuku zonke kokudla okune-granulated.
Imifino emisha, njengezinyosi kanye ne-izaqathe, kufanele ibe khona nsuku zonke ekudleni. Ebusika, lesi sidingo senziwa ngenxa yokuthi ukudla okunomsoco wabanogwaja kunciphisa kancane ukoma. Ukuphuza amanzi okuphuza abaphuza ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka kuncane kunasehlobo. 
Ukuzala isikhumba esincane ekhaya
Izimpawu ze-hybrid zalolu hlobo lwe-broiler lwezinogwaja zigcinwa kuphela ngokusabalalisa okufakelwayo. Kule nqubo, kuphela izinto eziphilayo (isithombo), ezithengwa emahhovisi e-Hipfarm yenkampani, kufanelekile. Yonke imizamo yokuzalela lolu hlobo ngokulingana kwemvelo nokukhulelwa kwehlulekile. Phakathi nemizamo enjalo, itholakala ukuthi kule nkinga inzalo iyanqatshwa izici zohlobo.
Uyazi? Endlebeni, onogwaja bahlala emigodini, kudala uchungechunge oluyinkimbinkimbi wemigudu engaphansi komhlaba enezingeniso eziningana nokuphuma. Umndeni unogwaja wezinsikazi eziningana kanti owesilisa unombuso wayo, lapho owesifazane oyinhloko ephethe khona. Emgodini lapho abesilisa abahlala khona, ukuhlelwa kwemigomo yokudala kuyakha. Indoda evelele inenzuzo eminingi. Uthola indawo engcono kakhulu, uqala ukudla kuqala futhi unonya ekuzameni ukulawula.Ukugcinwa kwezinyama zogwaja i-chicol kuyimisebenzi enenzuzo kakhulu. Lesi yisisusa sokwenyuka kwe-hybridi ye-broiler ekuzaleni izimboni ezinogwaja. Kunconywa ukuthola abakhiqizi abazalayo noma izilwane ezincane zokuzalanisa ngezibuko, ezikhungweni noma ezivela kubamengameli be-Hipfarm.
