Abantu abahlukene bavuna amagilebhisi ngezinhloso ezehlukene: abanye bavele "bazibophezele", abanye bakwenza lokhu ngokuzikhandla futhi bazuze imali ngokuthengisa izitshalo, kanti abanye balwela ukuba nesitshalo esikhulu sokuhlobisa ezweni labo eligcoba kahle phambi kwendlu noma gazebo.
Kodwa kukhona labo abalimi ababika yonke imizamo yokuthola ezihlukahlukene ezingahlanganisa yonke imisebenzi engenhla.
Enye yalezi zithelo zamagilebhisi, ezingadingi ukunakwa, "ngu-Augustine".
Ngezansi, sizozama ukuthola zonke izimfihlo kanye nezici ezihlukahlukene zalezi zihlukahlukene ukuze sikwazi ukukujwayeza ngokusemandleni akho kanye nokwenza lula ukulungiselela ukutshala umvini.
Incazelo yamagilebhisi "Augustine"
Ukwethula ngalezi zinhlobonhlobo ezinhle zomvini, okokuqala kufanele uqaphele ukuba khona kwamagama awo amaningana.
Uma kufanele uhlangabezane nezinhlobo ezinjengokuthi "V25 / 20", "Pleven Sustainable" noma "Phenomenon", uyazi - lokhu okufanayo "Agasine".
Elinye lamagama okukhulunywe ngaye latholakala omunye wabazali bayo, ezihlukahlukene "Pleven", okuyiyona eyathuthuka kakhulu ngenxa yemizamo yabalimi besiBulgaria.
Enye indlela yomzali "u-Augustine" ungumvini "uVilar Blanc", lapho athola ukumelana kwawo. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa kwetafula, okungukuthi, ngokuvamile kudliwa fresh futhi ingasetshenziselwa ukucubungula ubuchwepheshe.
Izinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi ezichazwe ziyahlukahluka kabanzi ngokwanele, okuyinto eqondiswa ukuvuthwa kokuqala kwezithelo zayo kanye ukumelana okuhle emazingeni okushisa aphansi.
Ngokuvamile, amaqoqo amagilebhisi "u-Augustine" afana kakhulu nezithelo zezinhlobonhlobo "Pleven".
Bayizikhulu kakhulu ngobukhulu, babe nesimo se-conical, ngokuvamile iphiko elilodwa lingakha. Ubungako obuphakathi kwesisodwa sinokuhlukahluka kusuka ku-0.4 kuya ku-1 kilogram.
Amajikijolo e-bunch awafakiwe kakhulu, nakuba ubukhulu bawo bukhulu kakhulu - 2.8 x2.0 amasentimitha. Isisindo samajikijolo sichazwa izinhlobo ezincane - kusuka ku-5 ukuya ku-8 amagremu.
Isici esikhethekile samajikijolo ngumbala omhlophe noma obomvu wesikhumba sabo, ngenxa yokuthi ilanga linikeza umbono wokuthi zikhanya.
Lo mphumela unikeza umvuthwandaba okhethekile wezithelo zomvini ovuthiwe "Augustine", ngokuphakamisa kakhulu isethulo sabo.
Ukunambitheka kwalolu hlu oluhlukahlukene lwamagilebhisi ngokuvamile kuvamile, noma kunjalo, ngenxa ye-pulp enesisindo esinamafutha, amajikijolo anomusa okhethekile nokuqala. Ngokuvamile, ukunambitheka kwabo kulula futhi kuvumelana.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamaswidi, ngoba lezi zinhlobonhlobo zine-sugar accumulation enhle, enganciphisi ngisho nangezikhukhula ezinzima kakhulu. Nakuba isikhumba sinamandla, asizwa uma udla.
Le amagilebhisi etafuleni kubhekwa kakhulu kakhulu ngoba izithelo zawo uvuthwe phakathi no-Agasti.
Isikhathi esikhulayo esihlathini ngesilinganiso sithatha izinsuku eziyi-117 kuphela. Ukuvuna konke kuningi futhi ngisho ngezinye izikhathi kudinga ukulinganisa.
Abavini bewayini abanolwazi bayaqaphela ukuthi uma ushiya i-inflorescence eyodwa kuphela ekudutsheni owodwa, kodwa isikhathi sokuvuthwa saleso sitshalo sizonciphisa sibe ngaphansi kwe-10. Kodwa, uma ungenayo isikhathi sokwenza i-robot enjalo, akudingeki ukhathazeke ngokuvuna: nakuba uzovuthwa Ngemva kwesikhashana, isihlahla sithwala kalula noma yiliphi inani lezithelo.
Uma sikhuluma ngemidwebo mayelana nomthamo wokuvuna, okungavuna kusuka ku-hektha elilodwa lokuhlwanyela kwalolu hlobo, ngakho-ke lokhu kubalwe abaphakathi kuka 120-140. Lapho umvini ovuthiwe wama-amateur, ovela esihlahleni esisodwa ngaphandle kwezinkinga ongaqoqa cishe ngamakhilogremu angu-60 amajikijolo.
Abakwa-Winegrowers bathanda "u-Augustine" hhayi kuphela ngokuchichima kwezitshalo, kodwa ikakhulukazi ukuthi izithelo zasemahlathini zihamba kancane, ngisho nokunakekelwa okuncane.
Ekhuluma ngomkhiqizo, kufanele uqaphele izimfanelo ezenza kube lula ukuthola imiphumela ephakeme. Okokuqala, lihlathini elikhulayo eliqinile elinamahlumela okuvuthwa kahle, lapho iziphetho ezimbili zibeka khona kahle.
Izinhlobonhlobo zisakazeka kalula, okusizwa ngama-cuttings ngokushesha.
Ngokufushane mayelana nabanye kufanelekile amagilebhisi "u-Augustine"
- Isihlahla somvini sezinhlobonhlobo ezichazweyo sinembali yobungqingili, okuqinisekisile ukuvunwa okuphezulu nokuzinzile kuphela, kodwa futhi ukungabi khona kwama-berries we-pea nokuvota impova emihle yazo zonke izidakamizwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezihlukahlukeneyo "u-Augustine" yi-pollinator enhle kakhulu yezinye izinhlobo eziningi zamagilebhisi, isikhathi sokubhakabhaka esivumelana nayo.
- Imithetho yokuqala yokuvuthwa kwesitshalo kanye nekhono lamajikijolo ligcinwa ehlathini cishe amasonto amabili ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukunambitheka nokubukeka.
- Izithelo azigcini nje ngezinga eliphakeme lezithelo, kodwa futhi ngokufaneleka kwazo ukuhamba ngezindawo ezide.
- Izinhlobonhlobo zibhekene nokunyuka okukhulu kwezifo ezivame kakhulu zezilwane zezivini.
- Amapulangwe ayalimazi izithelo. Lokhu kungenza ukuba kube khona amajikijolo okonakalisiwe, kodwa kulokhu, inkathazo ayikho minyaka yonke.
- Isihlahla sibekezelela kalula amazinga okushisa aphansi ebusika. Ngokuyinhloko, ukufundwa kwe-thermometer ku -24ºะก izinkuni akulimazanga. Kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zingezokuhlanganisa izitshalo, ikakhulukazi uma zikhulile esifundeni sezulu esibucayi.
- Isitshalo esinamandla nesizotha ekushiyeni kuyisihlobiso esihle kakhulu se-arches nama-arbors. Ikakhulukazi, uma ukuguqulwa kwe-arched kungandisa ukwanda kwamaqoqo.
- Izinhlobonhlobo zingenye yezinto ezithembisayo kakhulu ku-viticulture, esetshenziselwa ukuzalanisa.
Ukungalungi izinhlobo: yini okudingeka uyenze kusengaphambili?
- Njengoba kunezimvula ezinde futhi ezinde, ukubhekwa kwamajikijolo kubonakala, okuyinto kamuva eba imbangela yokubola kwabo.
- Amajikijolo asetshenziswe ngokweqile, angasusiwe emahlathini amaviki amabili emva kokuvuthwa, aqale ukuwa ngokwawo.
- Kukhona umonakalo ovela emangcwabeni obangela amajikijolo ukuba aphule.
- Ku amajikijolo alezi zinhlobonhlobo kunezinhlobo eziningana ezilingana ngobukhulu. Abalimi abaningi bacabanga ukuthi leli qiniso liyingozi enkulu yamagilebhisi.
- Ukuhamba isikhathi eside kungabangela amajikijolo ukuba awe phansi.
Mayelana nezici zokutshala izinhlobo
Isiko samagilebhisi sivame ukulula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezindlela eziningana zokutshala lesi sitshalo esihle:
- Ukutshala izithombo ze-varietal zakhula ngezimpande zawo, noma zihlanganisiwe.
- Ukhiqiza ngokusebenzisa i-cuttings ehlanganisiwe emasitokisini enesisindo esikhulu semithi engapheli.
- Sebenzisa ngezinhlamvu zokuzalanisa.
- Ukuthola isihlahla esisha usebenzisa ama-taps.
Khetha indlela eyodwa noma enye isekelwe kumakhono akho kanye nezinsiza. Isibonelo, lapho kungekho khona isihlahla somvini esidala noma ikhono lokusakaza "amathinathi" ka-Augustine, lezi zindlela ezikhethwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ziwa kuwe.
Isikhathi sonyaka nesikhathi sokutshala umvini sizoxhomekeka kunjani uhlobo lokutshala ozikhethile. Uma uthenge isithombo semifino eluhlaza, kufanele itshalwe kuphela entwasahlobo, nakuba ngokuvamile, isikhathi sekwindla kufanelekile ukutshala izithombo.
Ngokuvamile, udinga ukubiza izinzuzo zonyaka ngamunye.
Izinzuzo zokutshala entwasahlobo zimi kanje:
- Entwasahlobo, kukhona ukushisa okungaphezulu, ngenxa yokuthi isihlahla esitshalwe kuphela sihamba kahle endaweni entsha futhi singena ekukhuleni.
- Ngaphambi kwenkathi yonke ukuze kuqiniswe ngaphambi kweqhwa elizayo lebusika.
- Kukholelwa ukuthi izihlahla ezihlwanyelwe entwasahlobo ziqala ukuphumelela ngokushesha kunama-autumn.
Kodwa, isihlahla esihlwanyelwe entwasahlobo kuzodingeka siphuze kakhulu, ngoba umhlaba uyadlula ngalesi sikhathi kunayo ekwindla, kanti umswakama ovela kuso uqhuma ngokwemvelo ngokwengeziwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungalungi okukhulu kwentwasahlobo ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi kunzima kakhulu ukuthenga isithombo semifino edingekayo. Ngakho-ke, ukutshala amagilebhisi ekwindla nakho kunezinzuzo zayo, okumele futhi zengezwe:
- Cishe zonke izinto zokutshala zokuzalisa amagilebhisi zivunwa ekwindla. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kunengqondo kakhulu ukutshala izivini ngalesi sikhathi, kunokuba kugcinwe ama-cuttings noma izithombo kuze kufike entwasahlobo.
- Uma kunjalo, uma ulokhu ugcina izinto zokutshala kuze kufike entwasahlobo, kufanele wazi: ukutshala ekwindla kanye nendawo yokugcina izithombo zamagilebhisi nokuthi ngabe imishanguzo ebusika yindlela engcono kakhulu yokuyigcina.
Yiqiniso, abaningi, naphezu kwalezi zimpikiswano, bakhetha ukutshala amagilebhisi entwasahlobo, ngoba besaba ukuvuna amagilebhisi ebusika. Yiqiniso, kunengqondo kulokhu, kodwa kunoma yikuphi, akunakwenzeka ukuphendula ngokungaqondile ukuthi yikuphi okulungile okungcono.
Uma sikhuluma ngamagilebhisi ngokujwayelekile, lesi sitshalo singabizwa ngokuphelele esingenangqondo ezimweni zokukhula, ikakhulukazi ekuzaleni kwenhlabathi. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamagilebhisi ka-Augustine zinconywa ukuba zikhule emhlabathini omuhle, ogcwele umswakama.
Yiqiniso, akuwona wonke umhlaba okhona inhlabathi efanayo. Kulesi simo, ukhetho olulodwa luyoba ukuzimela ngokuzimela esihlahleni njalo ngezakhi (zombili izinto eziphilayo kanye namanyolo wamaminerali), kanye nokuwasebenzisa njalo uma kunesidingo.
Nokho, akukho cala kufanele sikhohlwe ngothando lwamagilebhisi ukuya ekukhanyeni kwelanga. Ezindaweni ezinomthunzi, umvini awukhuli nje kuphela, kodwa futhi unikeza isivuno esibi kakhulu nesingajulile, esibuye sikhule kahle. Ngakho-ke, ngokwezigaba, amagilebhisi asetshenziswe ukusuka eningizimu noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga yendlu, ukuze indlu iphinde isebenze njengesivikelo.
Futhi, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zinconywa. zikhule emagcekeni, noma eduze kwe-arbors. Kunoma yikuphi kwalokhu okukhethwa kukho, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi lapho umhlaba ukhula khona, umoya obandayo ugeleza. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, amagilebhisi angcono kakhulu atshalwe emagqumeni nasemagqumeni.
Ochwepheshe batusa ukwenza phindela emuva emkhatsini wezihlahla zomugqa owodwa okungenani amamitha ayi-1.5kodwa emkhatsini wemigqa yemifula yalezi ezihlukahlukene kukhona amamitha amathathu. Ngenxa yalolu hlelo, amahlathi angeke ahlangane kakhulu nomthunzi nomunye nemifino yawo.
Amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokufika kubaluleke kakhulu lungise umgodi wamagilebhisi. Ukujula kwalo kungamamitha ayi-0.8 (ububanzi bufanelekile), okuzokwenza kube lula ukufaka inani elidingekayo lomanyolo phansi.
Ikakhulukazi, ehlanganiswe nomhlabathi ovundile owenziwe emgodini ulethwa ngamabhakede amabili omquba. Ingxube yamanyolo nayo idinga ukumbozwa enye ingqimba yomhlabathi, ezobahlukanisa nezimpande zenzalo, zivikeleke ekushiseni.
Okulandelayo, umgodi ushiywe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke lezi zifaka umanyolo zixhaswe ngokufanele futhi ukuthi emva kokutshala isilwane asihambisani nazo.
Kuphela emva kwalokho kufanele uqale ukucwaninga futhi uthenge izithombo zamagilebhisi ezihlukahlukene ozidingayo. Indlela eyinhloko yokukhetha isithombo yi-xuhlelo lwempande oluxilisayo ngaphandle kokulimala kanye nokusika okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Futhi, ngaphambi kokwenza ukufika ngokuqondile, isiteleka siwela emanzini izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, uzoba nesikhathi sokugcwala umswakama ukuze adlulisele isikhathi esilandelayo sokujwayela isimo esisha.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda mayelana namagilebhisi amhlophe
Ukuhlwanyela ngokwayo kubangelwa ukuthi imbewu kufanele ibekwe emgodini kuze kube sezingeni lempande yayo: akufanele neze kube ngaphansi komhlabathi ngisho nokucabangela ukuxhaswa kwenhlabathi. Amagilebhisi kufanele ahlanganiswe nenhlabathi kancane kancane futhi ngokucophelela ukuze angalimazi uhlelo lwempande.
Phakathi nale nqubo, ungakwazi ukuthululela kuwo ibhakede lamanzi, okuyinto uhlanganise inhlabathi esele igcwalisiwe. Ngemva kokugcwalisa umgodi ekugcineni, ukusekelwa kuqhutshwa eduze kwesikhamo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, waphinda waphuza kakhulu. Umhlabathi owuzungezile unconywa ukuba umbokotshe.
Graft Augustine amagilebhisi kuya empande nge supply esikhulu izinkuni okungapheli
Ukuqoqa amagilebhisi esitokisini esidala yilokho okuyizimpande, phakathi ncamashi, kukhona ukunciphisa okuncane. Yilapho ukusika kunikwa khona. Ngemuva kwalokhu, isitokisi sinamathele ngokuqinile ukuze kwandiswe amathuba okuqothula. Kodwa ukuze wenze konke okusemandleni nangokwenza kahle, udinga ukulungisa ngokucophelela izinto zokwakha.
Iyokuqala ulungise isiqu esihleokuyinto okufanele ihlombe amaphuzu amathathu. Ingxenye engenhla ngamehlo kufanele iqhume, okuzovumela isikhathi eside ukugcina umswakama.
Kodwa engxenyeni engezansi kufanele ihlulwe ngokucophelela kusuka ezinhlangothini zombili ukuze kutholakale othintana kangcono nesitoko sezinkuni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa, ingxenye engezansi idonswa isikhathi esithile emanzini kanye nezixazululo ezinezimpande zokwakheka kwezimpande.
Ukuze ulungise isitokisi, kubalulekile ukususa shrub endala, kushiya kuphela isentimitha 10 cm. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuso obunqunyiwe buhlanjululwa kahle ngokucophelela.
Ukuhlukaniswa akudingeki kwenziwe ngokujulile, ngoba kungamlimaza. Ukusika eziningana kungahlanganiswa esitokisini esisodwa, uma ububanzi bayo buvumela. I-inoculation igcwaliswe ngokugcoba isayithi lokuhlanganiswa nazo zonke ezinye izinqubo esizichazile, ezichaza ukutshala kwe-seedling.
Amathiphu wokunakekela ibanga "u-Augustine"
- Amagilebhisi adinga ukugcina inhlabathi emanzini afanayo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, sidinga ukuchelela ngezikhathi ezithile. Qinisekisa ukuthi unamanzi esihlahleni ngaphambi kokusila kanye nesikhathi sokwakheka kwesitshalo.
- Ngemuva kokunisela, inhlabathi iboshwe ngamanqamu - amasentimitha ama-3 emashes noma ama-sawdust amnyama.
- Ukufaka umquba kulezi zihlahla ezihlukahlukene zamagilebhisi, umquba womquba / humus kanye nomanyolo we-phosphate-potash asetshenziswa.
- Njalo ngonyaka phakathi nesikhathi sokuthula, amagilebhisi kumele anqunywe, anciphise inqwaba ngayinye ngamehlo ka-6-12, kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lwakhiwe kanjani ehlathini. Kulezi zihlukahlukene, isimo se-fan-multi-arm sithandwa.
- Ebusika, lesi sivini sivikelekile. Kukhona izihlahla ezidala ezidalwe emikhawulweni yamafilimu.
- Naphezu kokuzinza kwezinhlobonhlobo, wancoma ukupompela kokuvikela ngaphambi kokuqhakaza nokuqedela.
