I-Eremurus isitshalo saphakade esinama-inflorescence anamandla aqhakazile. Ungowomndeni wakwaXanthorrhoea. Izwe lakubo liyizifunda eziwugwadule nogwadule lwase-Europe. Ezweni lethu, i-eremurus yaziwa kangcono ngokuthi "yi-shiryash". Igama lokuqala lingahunyushwa kusuka esiGrekini ngokuthi "umsila wehlane". Kukhombisa indawo yokuhlala kanye nobume bama inflorescence. Lesi sitshalo sinokuzithoba okukhulu, vele ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo sithokozisa abalimi ngama-inflorescences aqhakazile nanephunga elimnandi. I-Eremurus izoyihlobisa kahle ingadi yasentwasahlobo futhi izodonsela ukunaka kwemizi hhayi kuphela, kepha nabadlulayo.
Incazelo yeBotanical
I-Eremurus ingamakhambi angapheli. Ine-rhizome enkulu enomhubhe wokuqina oyindilinga enkabeni, lapho kusuka khona izimpande ezinamandla. Unyaka nonyaka, izinqubo ziyafa, zenze enye ukuqina noma "phansi" engxenyeni ephakathi. Ukuphakama kwembali ku-avareji angama-100-150 cm, kepha kukhona amasampuli afinyelela ku-2,5 m ukuphakama.
Phansi komhlaba kukhona irosette elikhulu lamaqabunga. Amahlamvu aluhlaza ongunxantathu aluhlaza akhula aze afike ku-100 cm ubude. Amapulangwe eshidi angashisi, anomumo obunjiwe. Kwesinye isikhathi bagoba ngaphandle. Maphakathi nentwasahlobo, kuvela isiqu esingenamanzi maphakathi enkabeni yeqabunga. Ingaphezulu layo lihlotshiswe nge-inflemcose inflorescence cishe 1 m ubude.
Izimbali ezimhlophe, ezibomvu grey, ziphuzi, zipinki noma nsundu zibekwe eduze. Ama-corollas asimo sezinsimbi aqala ukuvula ngaphansi kwesisekelo se-peduncle endaweni evulekile. Imbali ngayinye ihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kosuku. Sekukonke, isikhathi sezimbali zesitshalo esisodwa sithatha izinsuku ezingama-40. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-eremurus idonsela izinyosi eziningi nezinye izinambuzane ezizuzisayo, ngakho-ke isitshalo esihle kakhulu sikaju.
Ngemuva kokuvunda, izithelo ziyavuthwa - isiyingi, izinhlwayiya ezinamanzi. Ngaphakathi kukhona ama-partitions ahlukanisa isikhala sibe izingxenye ezi-3. Ziqukethe imbewu emincane yesiphambano enobuso obunwebu obunsundu.
Umjikelezo wempilo we-eremurus uyingqayizivele. Amacembe okuqala avela emigodini eneqhwa. Phakathi nentwasahlobo, isiqu esikhulu siqala ukukhula, futhi ngoMeyi, izimbali ziyaqhakaza. Kwesinye isikhathi bangahlushwa imvula yasentwasahlobo. Maphakathi noJuni, izimbali ziyaphela futhi izithelo ziqala ukuvuthwa. Ekupheleni kwenyanga ziyoma, njengezinye izingxenye zesitshalo. I-Eremurus ingena ekubandakanyeni, yonke ingxenye yomhlabathi iyafa. Lokhu kufanele kubhekwe lapho kudwetshwa ukwakheka kwezimbali ukuze isiza singabi nalutho.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-eremurus
Uhlobo lwe-eremurus lunezinhlobo ezingama-60 zezitshalo. Zonke zifanelwe impova ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kwezinhlobonhlobo eziphambili, kukhona nzalo eminingi. E-Russia, yizinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela ezivame kakhulu.
U-Eremurus Echison. Lesi sitshalo sitholakala emthambekeni onamatshe aseningizimu mpumalanga ye-Asia. Iqhakaza enye yokuqala ngo-Ephreli, kodwa izinhlobonhlobo nazo zinesikhathi esifushane sokukhula. I-rosette yamaqabunga inamaqabunga aluhlaza aqhakazile angama-27. Kwi-peduncle eminyene efinyelela ku-1 m ubude, ukuqhakaza kwe-racemose inflorescence. Ububanzi bawo bufinyelela ku-17 cm. Ama-buddha ayi-120- 300 angakheka kwisitshalo esisodwa. Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinezimbali ezimhlophe ezimpunga, ezimpunga nezibomvu.
Eremurus Alberta ikhula ezigodini zezintaba futhi ifinyelela ukuphakama okungamasentimitha ayi-120. Bare, amaqabunga aqondile adwetshwe eluhlaza obumnyama. Maphakathi nesiqu esikhulu kukhona ukuqhuma okumpunga. Ingaphezulu layo lihlotshiswe nge-genemose inflorescence eyi-60 cm ubude.I-corollas emhlophe ihlukaniswe yi-perianths ebomvu yenyama.
I-Eremurus enamandla likhula ezindaweni eziphakemeyo. Inezimpande ze-brown fusiform namaqabunga angenalutho. Amahlamvu aluhlaza omugqa omnyama ambozwe ngembali eqhakazile. Isiqu esibushelelezi esiluhlaza okotshani obuluhlaza sikhula ngo-1,2 m ubude. Uhlotshiswe nge-inflorescence cylindrical. Esiqwini esisodwa kunezinhlamvu ezibalelwa ku-1000 ezincane ezipinki ezinama-perianths ansundu noma amhlophe.
U-Eremurus Olga. Isitshalo asidluli kumamitha ayi-1.5 ukuphakama. I-inflorescence emise okomhloshana obunjiwe imhlophe qwa. Siqukethe imiqobelo enkulu eyenziwe kahle yensimbi.
U-Eremurus Cleopatra. Isitshalo sihle kakhulu ngenxa yombala okhanyayo wezimbali. Esiqwini esibalelwa ku-120 cm amade, kuqhakaza izimbali ezincane ezi-pink. Akhiwe eduze komunye nomunye futhi akha umgubuzelo ovuthayo oqhubekayo ozungeze i-peduncle.
Izindlela zokuzala
I-Eremurus isakazwa ngokuhlwanyela imbewu kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwezimbali. Ukuqoqa imbewu, kuyadingeka ukunquma isiqu sokomisa somisa ngamabhokisi embewu bese uyomisa emoyeni ovulekile ngaphansi kwe-canopy. Ngemuva kwalokho imbewu kumele ikhululwe egobolondweni. Ngo-Okthoba, bahlwanyelwa ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bumba inhlabathi, ukale bese wenza ama-grooves ajule ngamasentimitha ayi-1.5. Imbewu zisatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo emigodini, bese zifafazwa ngomhlaba. Entwasahlobo, kuvela amahlumela okuqala, adinga ukunakekelwa okuphelele. Izitshalo ezisencane kufanele zophuziswe ngokucophelela futhi zikhululwe njalo nokhula. Izimbali kungenzeka iminyaka engu-4-5 yokuphila.
Ezifundeni ezinobusika obunzima, kunconywa ukuthi kuqala ukhule izithombo. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ezitsheni ezinesihlabathi esikhululekile nenhlabathi ye-peat ngo-Okthoba. Kuyadingeka ukuwabeka ekujuleni kuka-1-1,5 cm. Isitsha sigcinwa ekushiseni okungu-+ 15 ° C kuze kube sentwasahlobo. NgoMashi, amahlumela okuqala avela. Izitshalo ezinamaqabunga amabili angempela zitshalwa ezimbizeni ezincane ezihlukile. Ehlobo zigcinwa ngaphandle. Lapho umhlabathi ungoma womile, amabhodwe adluliselwa endaweni emnyama. Ekwindla, izithombo zishiywe emgaqweni, kepha zimbozwe ngamagatsha aqhakaza ngamaqabunga bese ziwile zingama-20 cm. Ukutshala endaweni evulekile kwenziwa kuphela ukuwa okulandelayo.
Ukwehlukaniswa kwama-rhizomes kwenziwa ekupheleni kwehlobo, lapho ingxenye yomhlabathi isifile ngokuphelele. Ngo-Agasti, bambe ngokuphelele impande ngenqwaba enkulu yomhlaba, ukuze bangalimazi izinqubo ezilandelanayo. Ifakwe emanzini futhi ikhululwe enhlabathini. Ngemuva kwalokho i-rhizome yomile futhi ihlukaniswe izingxenye eziningana. Izindawo zokusikeka ziphathwa ngamalahle ochotshoziwe. Izimpande eziningi zigcinwa amasonto ambalwa endaweni epholile neyomile. Ukufakwa emhlabathini ovulekile kwenziwa ekupheleni kukaSepthemba noma ngo-Okthoba. Ngentwasahlobo elandelayo, isabelo ngasinye sakha indlela yaso yokuphuma yamaqabunga.
Ukuhamba nokunakekela
Ukuze uthole i-eremurus, udinga ukuthola indawo enelanga, evulekile engadini. Imbali ayesabi okubhaliwe kanye nokuvunguza komoya onamandla. Yize isiqu saso siphakeme impela, isiphepho kuphela esikwazi ukuzitshonisa phansi. Zonke izinqubo zokutshala nokufakelwa zenziwa ngo-Agasti-Septhemba. Inhlabathi kufanele ihlanzwe kahle. Ukusondela kwamanzi aphansi komhlaba noma izidumbu zamanzi kuyinto engathandeki, ngoba izimpande zizwela ukuqina komswakama futhi zingabola. I-alkali noma inhlabathi engathathi hlangothi kufanele ikhethwe.
I-Eremurus ayinazo izidingo ezikhethekile zokuzala komhlaba. Kodwa-ke, kwaphawuleka ukuthi lapho umhlabathi uvundeka kakhudlwana, izithombo ezisanda kuqhuma ziyaqhakaza (zizokhula izimpande iminyaka eminingana), kepha emhlabathini ompofu, ukuqhakaza kuqala eminyakeni eyi-1-2 ngaphambili. Lapho ufika phansi komgodi, kunconywa ukuthulula ungqimba lwamatshe amatshe noma amatshe amatshe. Lokhu kuzohlinzeka ngokudonsa okuhle. Ukwengeza ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, ama-humus amaqabunga, inhlabathi eyi-turfy nesihlabathi kufanele kufakwe kuyo. Ibanga phakathi kokutshala kuya ngohlobo lwesitshalo. Izinhlobo ezinkulu zitshalwa endaweni eyi-40-50 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye, zincane ngokwanele izikhala ezingama-25-30 cm.
Ngesikhathi sokumila okusebenzayo, i-eremurus idinga ukuthambisa okuningi nokujwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi ungawenzi ngokweqile. Uma intwasahlobo inemvula ngokwanele, ukuchelela akudingeki. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukungenelela kwamanzi ngeke kugwenywe. Lapho ukuqhuma kwe-eremurus sekuphela, ukuthambisa kufanele kuncishiswe noma kumiswe ngokuphelele. Emzini wezitshalo, isomiso siqala ngalesi sikhathi, ngakho-ke umswakama omningi womhlabathi ungabhubhisa i-rhizome.
Ukuze kube nokuqhakaza okuningi, umanyolo ubaluleke kakhulu. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-organic kwethulwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ngaphambi kobusika, ingaphezulu lomhlabathi livundiswa nge-superphosphate powder, bese lilambisa inhlabathi ngomquba womquba noma womquba obolile. Kubalulekile ukunciphisa umngcele kasawoti we-nitrogen, ngoba ngokweqile kwabo kunciphisa ubusika bezitshalo.
Inhlabathi ngaphansi kwephrimiyamu kufanele ivalwe ukhula njalo ukuze umoya ungene kangcono ezimpandeni, nokhula lungavimbeli izimbali.
Maphakathi neRussia, ama-eremurus ngokuvamile ebusika ngaphandle kokukhosela. Lapho kukhula izinhlobo zokuthanda ubusika ebusika, inhlabathi ifakwe nge-peat. Akunangqondo ukumba izimpande futhi kuzigcine zifudumele kuze kube sentwasahlobo, njengoba izithombo zivuka kudala ngaphambi kokutshala.
Maphakathi nehlobo, lapho izimila zomile, kubalulekile ukunquma isiqu sezimbali bese kuqala amaqabunga. Lokhu kuzosiza ukugcina ukubukeka kokuhlobisa kwe-flowerbed.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Izinambuzane ezivame kakhulu ze-eremurus yi-slugs neminenke. Bajabulela ukugcoba isiqu esinamanzi bese bondla ujusi wesitshalo. Izimpande nokugcwala ngokweqile nakho kungahlaselwa ngokuhlaselwa amagundane nezimvukuzane. Ngokunakekelwa okungafanele kwe-eremurus kanye nezikhukhula ezivame kakhulu zenhlabathi, ukubola kwezimpande kungakhula. Izindawo ezithintekile kumele zigawulwe ngokucophelela futhi ziphathwe ngomlotha noma ngesikhunta.
Kwesinye isikhathi ukutheleleka ngegciwane kuba ngamahlamvu kanye namahlumela. Izici zayo eziyinhloko ama-tubercles aphuzi aphuzi angajulile ukusuka ebusweni. Akunakwenzeka ukusindisa izitshalo ezinesifo. Kuyadingeka ukuthi uzinqume bese uzibhubhisa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze uvikele ukutheleleka okuthe xaxa kwengadi yezimbali.
I-Eremurus ekwakhekeni komhlaba
Ama-inflorescence amade futhi aminyene we-eremurus alungile eqenjini kanye nokutshala okukodwa. Bangakwazi ukuklama indawo, ukuhlobisa uthango kanye nokwakhiwa, kanye nokutshala ingadi yezimbali ngemuva. Ama-panicles ama-fawn and white-snow, white and pink dense panicles asetshenziselwa ukudizayina indawo yemvelo noma eyihlane.
Kumalungiselelo wezimbali, omakhelwane abahle kakhulu be-eremurus ngama-tulips, ama-peonies, ama-iris, ama-mallow, ama-yuccas kanye nezinhlamvu. Lapho ukhetha izimbali zombhede wezimbali, kuyadingeka ukugxila ezimweni ezifanayo zokuboshwa. Kubalulekile futhi ukukhetha izitshalo ezizoqhakaza. Ngakho-ke kuzokwazi ukufezekisa ukugeleza kwezimbali okuqhubekayo kusuka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuya kusihla sekwindla.
