Njalo ngonyaka, ngenxa yemizamo yabalimi, izinhlobo eziningi zamagilebhisi zivela.
Lokhu kulungile ngempela, njengoba ososayensi banamuhla bazama ukuthuthukisa ukumelana kwalesi sitshalo, okwakhiwa "okuhlukahlukene kakhulu."
Ngeshwa, kodwa emncintiswaneni wokusimama, ikhwalithi lamagilebhisi, ikakhulukazi ukubonakala kweqembu, ngokuvamile likhishwa ekunakekeleni.
Futhi, izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu ezindala zikhohliwe, okuyinto eqinisweni, naphezu kokunye kokushiyeka kwazo, zinezinzuzo eziningi ngokwendlela ukunambitheka kwezithelo.
Kungenxa yemvini encane ekhohliwe, enegama elithi "Rizamat", futhi ikutshele kulesi sihloko.
"I-viticulture yelanga" - yizinto ezihlukahlukene ezibizwa ngokuthi i-Rizamat kangaka kufanelekile?
Kukhona ngempela ukubuyekezwa okufanayo okunjalo ngalolu hlobo olukhazimulayo, olungenalo amalungelo aphelele. Isizathu esenza ukuthi abanye abavinini bewayini bazivumele ukukhuluma ngaleyo ndlela ubuvila babo nesifiso sabo sokutshala umvini bese ukhohlwa ngakho ngaphambi kokuvuna.
Ngoba eqinisweni, Amagilebhisi "Rizamat" adinga ukunakekelwa okuningi, ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela nokuqondiswa unyaka wonke. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yemizamo enjalo isihlahla sesilungele ukukhokha ngokukhululekile izitshalo ezingenalutho ezingamagilebhisi amahle kanye namajikijolo amnandi kakhulu.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo kubhekwa njengezithelo zomvini: okuhle kokusetshenziswa okusha kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezithelo zomvini omisiwe. Yadalwa yiwayini elidume kakhulu elivela e-Uzbekistan okuthiwa yiRiamat Musamuhamedov. Kulula ukuqagela ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamagilebhisi ezibizwa ngegama lakhe. Ukuze uyithole, wasebenzisa izinhlobo ezimbili zamagilebhisi, enegama elithi "Katta-Kurgan" ne "Parkent". Kodwa-ke, i-Rizamat idlula kakhulu amafomu awo omzali ngekhwalithi kanye nokunambitheka kwezithelo.
Uthini amagilebhisi aseRizamat futhi yiziphi izici abanayo?
Ukuziqhenya kwangempela kwalezi zinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi yizigaba zayo. Zinebukhulu obukhulu kakhulu kanye nesimo se-conical. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amaqoqo ahlanganiswa, eningi lamajikijolo, afakwa kwi-bunch akusilo kakhulu. Amagilebhisi e-Rizamat ayesigxili. Ubukhulu bamajikijolo benza kube nzima kakhulu - cishe amagremu angu-15. Isici esikhethekile sezinhlobonhlobo umbala wamajikijolo: umbala wesikhumba sabo uyingqayizivele, kodwa uhlangothi olulodwa lweberry ngokuvamile lunombala obanzi, obangelwa ukuvezwa kwelanga.
Kumele futhi uqaphele ukuthi ubukhulu besikhumba abukho phezulu, bumbozwe ngengubo encane yokumboza phezulu. Kodwa-ke, uma udla, akuzwakala kahle, njengamathambo, okungekho okungaphezu kwezingu-4 ebhokisini.
Ukunambitheka kwamajikijolo "Rizamat" kuhle kakhulu. Inyama inezinga eliphezulu futhi uma udla i-crunches. Futhi, inyama iyathandeka kakhulu: ngezinga le-asidi elingama-5 g / l kuphela, elifinyelelwa yizithelo ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, izinga lokuqukethwe ushukela lwezithelo lifinyelela ku-23-25%, okuyinto inkomba ephezulu kakhulu yamagilebhisi.
Umvini weRiamat uvuthwe isikhathi esingakanani futhi yiliphi izinga lokukhiqiza lalezi ezihlukahlukene?
Amagilebhisi "i-Rizamat" ibhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi zakuqala. Ukuvuthwa okugcwele kwezithelo zawo kufikela ekupheleni kuka-Agasti noma ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba. Ngokwesilinganiso, ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, inkathi ekhulayo yehlathini lamagilebhisi lalezi zinhlobonhlobo iza ezinsukwini ezingu-150.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ngesikhathi sokutshala komhlabathi ukuvuthwa kuzinzile, kungenjalo amajikijolo angaqeda kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukususa amaqoqo avela emahlathini ngokushesha lapho kuqala ukuvuthwa kwabo, ngoba ngeke bakwazi ukugcinwa ezinhlobonhlobo ezinjalo.
Ibanga lokulima ligcwele kakhulu. Lokhu kunomthelela kakhulu ekuvuthweni okuhle kwamahlumela akhe. Ngokwesilinganiso ukukhiqizwa kwamagilebhisi omhlaba we "Rizamata" okuyingxenye yehektha elilodwa likwazi ukufika kubantu abangama-200-250. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uma uhambisana nazo zonke izidingo ze-agrotechnical zokukhulisa lezi zinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi, ukuvuna kuzoba ngekhwalithi eliphezulu kakhulu kokubili nokubukeka kwayo.
Yiziphi ezinye izici zamagilebhisi e-Rizamat angabhekwa ngokufaneleka kwawo?
Ngeshwa, kodwa empeleni inzuzo eyedwa kanye eyinhloko yamagilebhisi alezi zinhlobonhlobo yile ukunambitheka kanye nomthamo wesitshalo, esikuthi isihlahla sikwazi ukunikeza ukuphendula ngokucophelela nokucophelela. Phakathi kwezimfanelo ezinhle ezihlukahlukene kufanele futhi kuqashelwe:
• Izithelo zekhwalithi eliphezulu kanye nesethulo sabo esihle kakhulu.
• Ukuvunwa okuphezulu kanye nokuba khona ehlathini imbali yobungqingili, okungeyona into emihle kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuvuna okuzinzile.
• Isikhathi esifushane sokuvuthwa kwesitshalo, esikuvumela ukuba ukhule ezihlukahlukene hhayi kuphela e-Asia Ephakathi, kodwa naseGwini LwaseNnyama kanye nakwezinye izindawo ezisenyakatho.
• Izithelo zomvini ezinhle ezikhiqizwa ngamagilebhisi eRirat.
Izinkinga ezihlukahlukene "Rizamat": yini okufanele ilungiselelwe uma ikhulile?
Ukuzinza kwehlathini lamagilebhisi kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zeRiamat, ukuyibeka ngomoya omnene, akunjalo. Njengoba sishilo, Amagilebhisi angaqhekeka lapho umswakama umhlabathi. kodwa ngaphandle kwalokho, zithinteka kakhulu yi-oidium ne-powdery isikhutha. Futhi, ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphansi ezinhlobonhlobo akuncane kakhulu - akukwazi ukudlulisa ubusika ngaphandle kokuphesela.
Ngakho-ke, ukulima kwalokhu okuhlukahlukene kudinga ukunakekelwa okuningi komvini: ukufuthola kwezifo njalo nokufihla ebusika, ukuqapha isimo somvini.
Kodwa-ke, ngaphezu kokuphalaza ngokumelene nezifo ze-fungal, izinyathelo ezengeziwe zivame ukuthathwa ngokulimala kwezitshalo ngama-wasps. Ziyinkimbinkimbi ngokukhethekile kwi-shrub uma kuvela amajikijolo aqhekekile noma aphethwe yi-oidium. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukusetha izicupho ezikhethekile ngesiraphu esiphundu kakhulu nobuthi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungalungi kwamagilebhisi "Rizamat" kufanele kuhlanganise ukuthi cishe akunakwenzeka ukusakaza ngokugoma. Kunalokho, kungenzeka kakhulu ukwenza lokhu, kodwa akukhuthazwa ngenxa yokungahambisani kahle nezinye izinhlobo zevini.
Ukuba khona kwezinyathelo kungathinta kakhulu izinga nobuningi besitshalo. Uma kunesinye isitshalo esakhiwe phezu kwabo, sizokwenza amandla omzimba oyinhloko, okwenza amaqoqo amakhulu kanye namajikijolo abe mncane kuwo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izingane zokutholwa ezihlahleni zomvini kufanele zisuswe.
Yini okufanele uyenze uma kungekho isikhathi sokunakekela isihlahla samavini, kodwa ufuna ukukhula kulokhu okuhlukahlukene?
Akuwona wonke umuntu owaziyo ngokuthi kukhona ukuhlukahluka kwamagilebhisi okufana kakhulu ne "Rizamat", okusho cishe igama elifanayo - "I-Rizamat Stable". Akufanelekile kakhulu ukugcinwa egameni ngokwayo, ngoba umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinhlobonhlobo zanele, nakuba kunezici ezithile ezivamile. Okokuqala, "i-Rizamat Stable" ngokuvamile ayithintekile yi-oidium ne-mildew, ibekezelela ama-frost kanye nezinguquko kumswakama wokushisa kangcono.
Ibuye ivuthwe ngokushesha kakhulu kune Rizamat elula - konke Izinsuku ezingu-130-135 kusukela ekungeneni kwenkathi ekhulayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amajikijolo anenani elidlulele kunalolu hlobo: cishe amagremu angu-18 (nakuba amaqoqo e-Rizamata omuhle amdala kakhulu futhi enhle kakhulu). Futhi, amajikijolo ahlukene ahlukene, afaka izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo ze-greenish-pink.
Kodwa namanje, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi "Rizamata Sustainable" elicwengileko, wayengaphumelelanga ekufezeni ikhwalithi kanye nenambitha ukuthi izithelo zeRizi elula zinayo. Okuqukethwe ushukela amajikijolo ebangeni lokuqala kungu-17% kuphela, ngokumelene no-23% wesibili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amagilebhisi azinzile kakhulu anezimbali zesifazane kuphela, ngakho-ke kudinga ukutshala izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-pollinator eziqhakaza ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Sihlwanyela amagilebhisi eRizat: yiziphi izici nemithetho yokutshala lokhu okuhlukahlukene?
Ngokwejwayelekile, ukutshala kwalolu hlobo lwezithelo zomvini akufani neze yonke imithetho eyisisekelo yokutshala amagilebhisi. kodwa namanje, kunama-nuances athile. Ngokuyinhloko, lezi yizi:
• Amagilebhisi e-Rizamat asakazwa kakhulu ngokutshala izithombo, ngoba ukuwafakelwa kwi-stock ehlukile akunikezi imiphumela emihle futhi kunciphisa ukusinda.
• Isihlahla salezi zinhlobonhlobo sikhula ngokuqinile, sikwazi ukuhlala isikhala esikhulu kakhulu. Lokhu kufanele kucatshangelwe uma ukhetha isayithi lokufika. Akunjalo uma isihlahla kufanele siphume kakhulu, ngoba lokhu kungaholela ezifweni ezifungayo.
• Ukutshala okulodwa kungcono kakhulu kulezi zinhlobonhlobo, ngoba akuyona into engathandeki ukuvumela ukusebenzisana kwazo nezinye izinhlobo. Uma uthatha isinqumo sokutshala "i-Rizamat" eduze kwezinye izinhlobo, kungcono ukwenza kube ngokweqile emgqeni, ngenkathi usuka kwezinye izihlahla okungenani amamitha ayisithupha.
Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukufunda ngezinhlobo zemagilebhisi ze-EG Pavlovsky
Yiziphi ezinye izidingo zamagilebhisi esihlalweni okufanele zicatshangelwe?
Imidwebo kanye nokuqhuma umoya obandayo kuyingozi kakhulu kunoma yimaphi amagilebhisi. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukutshala lesi sitshalo lapho umoya usebenza khona umoya, kodwa umvini uzovikelwa umoya ovela enyakatho ngqo. Ngakho-ke, ohlangothini oluseningizimu noma oluseningizimu-ntshonalanga lendlu, noma olunye uhlobo lwesakhiwo, lungcono kakhulu. Ungatshala i- "Rizamat" eduze kwe-arbor, kodwa-ke, usadingeka ukwakha izesekeli ezengeziwe zehlathi. Ukusuka kwesisekelo sakhiwo lapho uhlwanyela isihlahla kudingeka udlule okungenani imitha eyodwa.
Futhi indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni kwamagilebhisi inhlabathi lapho itshalwe khona. Kumele kube nokukhanya futhi kuvundile ukuqinisekisa ukukhula okushelelekile kwesimiso kanye nokondla isihlahla kanye nezinto ezidinga.
Iyiphi inkathi ehle kakhulu ukutshala amagilebhisi eRirat?
Imigomo yokutshala amagilebhisi ingahluka kakhulu, ngoba ukutshala lesi sitshalo kungaba kokubili entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunoma yikuphi, kunamabili ama-pluses namaminithi.
Ukutshala izitshalo zamagilebhisi kuphelela kusukela ekupheleni kukaMashi kuze kuqale inyanga yokuqala yehlobo. konke kuzoxhomekeka kunhlobo luni lomshini owathenga ngalo: lukhule ehlobo futhi lugcinwe ngokukhethekile ebusika kuze kube sehlobo, noma lukhulile ngokuqondile ebusika kusuka emzalini wevini wamagilebhisi etshalwe enhlabathini. Esikhathini sokuqala, amagilebhisi kufanele atshalwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, kodwa emva kokuqala kokushisa kokuqala.
Esikhathini sesibili - kuphela ekupheleni kukaMeyi, njengoba amahlumela aluhlaza okwenziwa yi-seedling angonakaliswa yiqhwa. Kunoma yikuphi, ngemuva kokutshala amagilebhisi kuzodinga umswakama nokuvikelwa okuningi, aze aguqule futhi aqale ukugxila endaweni entsha. Isihlahla semagilebhisi esitshalwe entwasahlobo ngesikhathi sokuqala sokukhula sizokwazi ukukhula kahle futhi sithuthukise kancane uhlelo lwazo lwempande, oluzokwenza lukwazi ukumelana kakhulu namaqhwa ebusika (nakuba akufanelekile ukungafihli ukufihla amagilebhisi eRiamat nganoma iyiphi indlela).
Kodwa-ke, kunezinto ezincane ezenza ukuthi izithelo zomvini zitshalwe ekwindla ziyamukeleke. Ngokuyinhloko, lokhu kungukuthi lapho kukhona khona izinhlobo eziningi zezithombo, okwandisa ithuba lokuthola amagilebhisi afanele. Futhi, inhlabathi i-hydrated eyengeziwe ekwindla, ayidingi inqwaba yokunisela njengentwasahlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Ukutshala kwekwindla, empeleni, kuyindlela yokulondoloza imbewu yamagilebhisi kuze kufike entwasahlobo, ngoba ayikhuli ebusika.
Njengoba kunesitoreji esihle, isitsha samatshe asonakali futhi entwasahlobo ikhula kahle. Ekwindla, kungcono ukutshala amagilebhisi maphakathi no-Okthoba, lapho isithombo sesivele sesidlulile esikhathini esidlulile, kodwa kusenayo isithwathwa nesibanda.
Ukutshala okufanelekile kwamagilebhisi "Rizamat": yiziphi izimfihlo ezikulandelayo?
Imfihlo yokutshala okulungile kwamagilebhisi akwaRiamat ikhona ekulungiseleleni kwangaphambili umgodi wesihlahla esizayo. Emva kwakho konke, ukuze kukhule kahle kwehlathi, kudinga inani elikhulu lomanyolo, okusetshenziselwa phansi emgodini ngenkathi kulungiselelwa. Ngokuyinhloko, izenzo ezilandelayo kufanele zenziwe:
• Okungenani amasonto amabili (uma uhlela ukutshala entwasahlobo, bese kuwa) udinga ukumba umgodi mayelana namasentimitha angu-80 ububanzi futhi ububanzi obufanayo.
• Ingqimba elingu-5 cm letshe elichotshoziwe libekwe phansi.
• Ngemuva kokugubha, kukhona amamentimitha angu-10 enhlabathini evundile, amabhakede amabili ama-humus, futhi aphindwe ngamasentimitha angu-10 enhlabathini.
• Konke lokhu "ikhekhe" kuxubene ngokuphelele (ukuxubha kuphela akuthinti).
• Ubuningi bomquba obumphumela buhlanganiswe nenye ingqimba yomhlabathi ukuze izimpande zenzalo zingashiswa ngomanyolo.
• Umgodi ushiywe ngaphambi kokutshala, ukuze umanyolo uhlinzekwe kahle.
Esikhathini esingaphakathi, ngenkathi inhlabathi emigodini yemigodi, udinga ukuhlola isithombo esifunayo. Uma ukhetha, udinga ukulalelisisa izimpande: kumele zibe mhlophe futhi zingonakali. Ensikeni enempilo, i-cut is green.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, isithombo sevini kufanele siqhutshwe izinsuku ezimbalwa emanzini, okuyokwenza ukuthi kuthathwe izimpande.
Ukutshala ngokuqondile kwamagilebhisi kuncike ekutheni inzalo efakwa emgodini kuze kube sezingeni lempande yayo yanciphisa kancane kancane enhlabathini kuze kube yilapho umgodi uhlanganiswa ngokuphelele. Emva kwalokho ukusekelwa kuqhutshwa eduze kwamagilebhisi, kunisela kakhulu, futhi inhlabathi ewuzungezayo ihlanganiswe nenqwaba yemelenze. Ebusika, isihlahla sihlanganiswa nesihlabathi, kanti entwasahlobo ihlanganiswe nebhodi lebhodibhodi ene-slot ye-top of the seedling.
Ukunakekelwa kwamagilebhisi - incazelo yezinqubo ezidingekayo ezizosiza ukwandisa isivuno
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphuza amagilebhisi, ngoba inhlabathi ngaphansi kwayo akufanele izwe ukuguquka komswakama. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza lokhu ngaphambi kokuhluma kwezihlahla kanye nokubunjwa kwamagilebhisi kumaqoqo. Ukuthulula amanzi ngokuqondile ngaphansi kwehlathi lalezi zihlukahlukene akufanelekile. Kuyadingeka ukuthi ugobe imigodi ekhethekile yokunisela, noma wenze izimpande emhlabathini, ezingcwatshwe futhi zixube emva kokunisela. Njengoba i-mulch ingcono ukusebenzisa i-moss noma i-sawdust emnyama. Ingqimba elungile le-mulch liyi-3 centimitha.
Ukugqoka izithelo zomvini kuyisisekelo sokukhulisa ubungqabavu behlathi, kusho isitshalo. Amagilebhisi adinga kakhulu ama-fertilizer e-potassium-phosphate nodaba oluphilayo. Udinga ukuzenza noma uma umba, noma uma uphuza isihlahla.
Kubaluleke kakhulu izinhlobo zezihlahla zamavini "iRiamat" njalo izingane eziqothulwe neziqotshiwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, isihlahla sizocwiliswa futhi siphume umoya, okuyisisekelo sokuvimbela izifo zesibindi esivini. Futhi Lokhu kunhlobonhlobo kunconywa ukuxosha amahlumela nokunqamula amaqabunga ezindaweni zokuqoqa kwawo okuqinile. Ukusika izihlahla ezinamandla kufanele kwenziwe ngaphandle kwesihawu ku-shrub: ukudubula ngalunye kunqunywa okungenani amahlumela ama-6 kk.
Ukuze uvikele isihlahla ukuthi sithinteke yi-mildew ne-oidium, isihlahla sibhekwa ngokucophelela ngamalungiselelo amakhemikhali izikhathi ezintathu ngesikhathi ngasinye. Kubalulekile ukwenza inqubo enjalo izikhathi ezimbili ngaphambi kokuhluma kwezihlahla kanye nokubunjwa kwama-peas kuma-inflorescences. Imithi emihle kakhulu ingxube yeBordeaux, i-Kuproskat ne-Strobe.
