Amanandi amajikijolo amnandi amavunithi amaningi, ngakho-ke zama ukutshala lesi sitshalo eduze kwemizi yabo noma emaqeshini ehlobo.
Noma kunjalo, akuwona wonke umuntu ophumelelayo ekuphumeleleni imiphumela emihle ku-viticulture. Emva kwakho konke, kanye nokuba khona kwenani elikhulu lamagilebhisi, kukhona nenani elikhulu lezifo zalo, kanye nezinambuzane ezingalimaza umvini.
Kodwa-ke, uma sicabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi lesi sifo sonakaliswe ngamagilebhisi noma siqaphele ukubukeka kwabo ngesikhathi, ungakwazi ukubhekana nayo ngokuphumelelayo.
Kungenxa yezifo ezithile zezivini, sikunikezela ngezansi.
Oidium: indlela yokufunda nokubhekana nalesi sifo
Yini okudingeka ukwazi nge-oidium?
Lesi sifo sivame ukubhekwa ngokuthi "isikhutha se-powdery," ngoba esinye sezibonakaliso zalo sishisa uthuli emaqabunga amagilebhisi. Kungokwemvelo yezifo ezifayo, kuye kwaba nezikhala zethu ezivulekile kusukela kwizwekazi laseNyakatho Melika. Kuyingozi kakhulu ngoba kuthinta kokubili umvini nesitshalo. Izinga kanye nezici zesilonda kuzoxhomeka ezinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi.
Izibonakaliso zangaphandle zokunqotshwa kwesihlahla samavini oidium
Ngokunqotshwa kwesihlahla samavini ngalesi sifo, amahlumela amaningi ayobe eshaqeka, futhi amaqabunga amahlumela anjalo azoba ama-curly. Amaqabunga abonakala kakhulu emthunzini omhlophe othuli obomvu. Lapho sekuqala ukuvuna, lolu thuli luzobonakala kuwo wonke amaqabunga abathintekile, ama-inflorescences namaqoqo. Ethintwe yi-oidium i-inflorescences kanye namajikijolo asevele asungulwe aphelile futhi asomile.
Kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi isikhathi sokukhushulwa lapho i-oidium ingashaya khona amagilebhisi ihlala emavikini amabili. Isimo sezulu esifudumele nesimnandi sinomphumela omuhle ekukhiqizeni nasekusabalaleni kwawo. Ngisho namazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-5ºC, le fungus iqala ukukhula.
Yini okufanele uyenze ukuze isihlahla singaqhutshiswe ngamazolo efulawa
Ngisho nezindlela ezilula ze-agrotechnical zisiza ukulwa ne-oidium. Ngokuyinhloko, amazolo efulawa esaba inani elikhulu lomoya omusha, liphindaphindaphinda kancane lapho lihlunga isihlahla esinyene.
Ngakho-ke, amahlumela omvini anconywa ukuba ahlale ebopha futhi aphumele ngaphandle, asuse izingane zokutholwa futhi avimbele ukhula lungaphezu komhlabathi oseduze nesihlahla somuthi.
Futhi, amagilebhisi anconywa ukuphalaza okuvimbelayo, okumele kwenziwe kathathu ngenkathi ngayinye: lapho amahlumela ekhula emvinini kuze kube ngu-15-20 amentimitha, ngaphambi kokuqala kwezimbali kanye nesikhathi lapho ama-peas avela kumaqoqo.
Izindlela zokuphatha umvini kusuka ku-oidium
Ukuze ukwelashwa nokuvinjelwa kwalesi sifo kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise izidakamizwa ezikhethekile. Phakathi kwazo, okusebenza kahle kakhulu futhi okuvamile kukhona "iStrobe", "Thanos", "Topaz", "Horus". Amahlamvu abathintekile yizifo, amahlumela kanye Amaqoqo anconywa ukuba asuswe futhi ashiswe. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuyeka ukusabalalisa kwesifo.
Ufulawa wamanga amazolo noma isikhumba - isifo esiyingozi kunazo zonke zezivini
Kuyini ukucaca kwalesi sifo?
Ngeshwa, kodwa isikhutha asiyingozi nje kuphela, kodwa nesifo esivame kakhulu esithinta izivini. Njengomhlambi weqiniso wofulawa, isikhutha sikwazi ukushaya ngokuphelele isihlahla sonke. Yiqiniso, ukuthi izinga lokulimala kule sifo akuyona into efanayo ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Izinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi nezimo zezulu zizodlala indima enkulu: lesi sifo sisakazeka kakhulu ngesikhathi semvula esindayo kanye nomoya ophezulu we-humidity.
Indlela yokubona isikhutha kumagilebhisi akho?
I-Mildew ibonakala sengathi iyindilinga, njengokungathi i-oily, amabala avela emaqabunga akhulayo amagilebhisi. Ngomswakama ophezulu, i-powder emhlophe ivela ngaphansi kweshidi ngaphansi kwendawo enjalo - i-powdery powdery deposits. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amaqabunga eqabunga elichaphazelekayo aqala ukufa: iqabunga liphenduka eliphuzi, bese indawo "yokushisa" ithola i-hue ebomvu.
Okufanayo amaqabunga awe. Kodwa umonakalo wamaqabunga awunqunyelwe, kodwa ungadluliselwa kuma-inflorescences, lapho okuvela khona amabala amaningi okuhlaza okweluhlaza. Amathishu amathintekayo aphelelwe yisikhathi nawo aphelelwa isikhathi, ephazamisa ukuhlinzeka ngezinto ezidingekayo ngokuqondile amajikijolo.
Ukufiphaza kungathinta lonke ibutho, limboze nge powder elimhlophe bese kubangela amajikijolo ukuthi asomile. Lesi sifo sinengozi kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi ngaphandle kokupompela okukhethekile nangaphansi kwezimo ezihle, ngesikhala esisodwa sonyaka iyakwazi ukukhiqiza futhi izikhathi ezingu-16.
Izincomo zokuvimbela izifo zesikhutha sezihlahla zamagilebhisi
Ukuze isikhutha singathinti amagilebhisi akho, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzinakekela kahle bese ukhetha izinhlobo ezinokumelana okunzima.
Ukuze umvini ube namandla futhi uqine, udinga njalo. zalisaekwazi ukondla inhlabathi nge potassium kanye phosphorus. Kubuye kubalulekile ukugxila njalo enhlabathini eduze kwesiqu bese ususa bonke abantwana abavela emvinini.
Kodwa umhlabeleli omkhulu wokuvimbela uzoba ukwelashwa kwe-shrub nge-fungicides ehlukahlukene. Ukwelashwa kwe-prophylactic kwenziwa ngesikhathi esifanayo njengokupuniza kusuka emanzini efulawa weqiniso.
Ukwelashwa kwesihlahla somvini esithintekayo isikhutha
Ukuvimbela lesi sifo ukuba sisakaze futhi sisuse ukugxila kwento yaso, kunconywa ukususa nokushisa izindawo ezithintekile zesihlahla samavini. Futhi, ngokutshala amagilebhisi, kungcono ukhethe izindawo ezinjalo lapho isihlahla singathola khona inani eliphakeme lokushisa kwelanga nokukhanya, ngisho nasezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu.
Ngokuphumelelayo silwe isikhutha Ungasebenzisa izidakamizwa ezilandelayo:
- "I-Antrakol"
- Ingxube ye "Bordeaux liquid"
- "Kuproskat"
- "Ridomil"
- "Strobe"
- "I-Chloroxide ithusi"
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zomvini oviniwe.
Ungasiza kanjani amagilebhisi ukumelana "nomnyama omnyama"?
Izici ezihlukile zesifo
Esinye isifo esiyingozi kakhulu sefungal esihlahleni somvini. Lapho echaza, amagama afana neFomopsis noma nje ukufa kwamahlumela avame ukusetshenziswa. Kuvame ukutholakala kulezi zivini ezikhula ezindaweni umswakama ophezulu. Kubonakalisa indawo emnyama ikakhulukazi kuzo zonke izingxenye eziluhlaza zehlathi kanye nomvini oqinile.
Izici zokubonakaliswa kwendawo emnyama esivinini
Ukungcoliswa kwemvelo kuqala ezintweni ezikhonjisiwe zesihlahla samavini. Ngokujwayelekile, lolu hlobo lwamachashaza luthinta kuphela ama-internodes angu-6-7, nakuba kunezimo zomonakalo kuwo wonke amahlathi kuze kube se-trunk. Ngemuva kokukhula futhi emazingeni okushisa ngaphezu kwe-10ºะก, izindawo ezimnyama zivela ezindaweni ezithintekayo - izidumbu ze-fungus noma i-pycnidia.
Uma lesi sifo sikwazi ukungena ngaphakathi ehlathini, indawo yesilonda ibolile futhi ingabangela ukufa kwesabelo sonke somvini.
Amabala amnyama aqala ukuvela ngoJuni, ukushaya amahlumela wonyaka ngamachashazi azungezile, zidwetshwe ngombala omnyama omnyama.
Njengoba ihlumela likhula, la maphuzu asakazeka futhi alula, okwenza umvini uqhekeke. Ngezinye izikhathi, umonakalo wendawo omnyama uthinta amaqabunga nama-crest of the clusters. Amaqabunga athintekile aqala ukuphenduka avule futhi aphenduke isikhathi eside ngaphambi kwekwindla.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukusiza ukuvimbela umonakalo wendawo emnyama
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi izivini ziyakuthinteka lesi sifo ngokuvamile ngokulimala esihlahleni. Ngakho-ke, ngokusika izihlahla noma ukukhishwa okungenakuqapha, izindawo ezilimazayo zisengozini enkulu.
Ngokuhambisana nezimo zesimo sezulu esibi, kunezimo zonke zokutheleleka kwamagilebhisi kunendawo emnyama. Ngakho-ke, ukudubula akudingeki kubhekwe njengendlela ehlanzekileKufanelekile ukubhekisela kule nqubo ngomthwalo obalulekile futhi ukubhekana namaphuzu okusika.
Ngokuba ukuvimbela indawo emnyama kuhambisana kahle nalawo mithi adluliselwa ukwelashwa nokuvimbela isikhutha.
Indlela yokunqoba indawo emnyama esivinini sakhe?
Izindlela zamakhemikhali zokulwa nokubonakaliswa kwalesi sifo azitholi imiphumela emihle. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukususa i-fungus ngokwayo, okuyinto ekwindla emva kokusika isivini iphathwa ngamalungiselelo ethusi.
Konke Izindawo ezilimele zesivini ziyakunqunywa ngokuphelele.
Ukuphalaza ngokumelene nomnyama kuyenzeka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngokubonakala kokuqala kwamaqabunga 2-3 emhlathini. Ukuze kutholakale izifungicides ezinjalo zifanelekile. Ngemuva kwalokho, kufaneleka izikhathi ezingaba ngu-3 ukupakisha isihlahla ngezimiso ezikhethekile, ukuhlanganisa ukwelapha ngokupuniza kusuka ku-oidium ne-mildew.
Ingozi yendawo emnyama yilokho lesi sifo sibhekwa singapheli ngezivini. Ngakho-ke, uma sekuvele kakade ehlathini, kuzothatha okungaphezu konyaka ukulwa nalo. Kodwa-ke, uma wenza umzamo okwanele wokwelashwa futhi wenze izifo ezivamile, ungakwazi ukuthuthukisa kakhulu isihlahla.
Ukubola okumhlophe: indlela yokubhekana nesifo sevini?
Iyini eyingqayizivele yalesi sifo?
Uma i-gray mold isikhunta ikwazi ukushaya isivini sakho - iyosusa sonke isikhathi, ikakhulukazi uma izimo zangaphandle zifaka isandla kulokhu. Impela yonke imifino yesihlahla futhi zonke izinkuni zonyaka zingakwazi ukushaya lesi sifo.
Iqoqo ukuthengwa kwezinsimbi zokugoma okuvela esihlahleni esithintekile akuvumelekile, ngoba ukusika kwe-gray gray kufinyelela esitokisini. Ngakho-ke, kuphela isihlahla esithuthukayo esizobe sesithintekile yilesi sifo, futhi kulokhu kuyoba nzima kakhulu ukulwa nezilonda.
Indlela yokuhlukanisa ukubonakaliswa kwe-gray isikhunta kumagilebhisi?
Emuva entwasahlobo, ngokubandayo futhi emanzini, lesi sikhumba sibheka amehlo nokuhluma kuphela, okwenzela i-plaque eyinqaba kubo.
Uma esikhathini esizayo umoya ozungeze isihlahla somvini uphahlazeka, futhi kukhona ukungcola okweqile emoyeni, i-gray bloom ingahlanganisa ngisho namaqoqo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uma uthinta iqembu elichaphazelekayo, lizothulila.
Ngakho, lesi sifo sithatha ngokuphelele isitshalo. uma isimo sesimo sezulu somile, amajikijolo ambalwa kuphela ashaywa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi angamangala. Uma ukubola kwegrey kuthinta ama-inflorescences - esimweni esomile bafa bese besomile, bethola umbala obumnyama.
Lesi sifo singabangela ukubola kwamajikijolo nama-crests weqembu lamagilebhisi.
Ukuvimbela isikhunta esibomvu: yimiphi imisebenzi ebalulekile ukufeza?
- Ngokuvamile, ukuvimbela ukubola kwegrey kuyinto efanayo neye-oidium noma isikhunta: kusetshenziswe amalungiselelo afanayo futhi ukusetshenziselwa okujwayelekile ukuphamba okudingekayo lesi sifo ngokuvamile akubonakali.
- Ukuze ungabangeli ukubonakala kwegrey ngokwakho, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi lesi sifo sithinta ngokuyinhloko izindawo zokusika kanye nalawo izindawo ezibuthakathaka. Ngakho-ke, kudingeka uqaphele isihlahla futhi ulandele kahle lezo zindawo.
- Isihlahla somvini sivame ukubola uma kutholakala kuphela nge-nitrogen fertilizer kuphela.
- Kumele futhi ukwazi ukuthi ngisho nangesikhathi sokushisa okwephunga ngesikhathi esifubeni bese ushaya amagilebhisi akho, khona-ke lapho kuqala isimo sezulu sasehlobo esingeke siphumelele.
Ukwelashwa komvini kusuka kulesi sifo
Ukuze lesi sifo singasakazeki kulo lonke isihlahla, kubalulekile susa izingxenye ezithintekile zamagilebhisi. Futhi, kulokhu, ukupuniza ngamalungiselelo akhethekile kuyompoqo. Ngisho noma izidakamizwa zingabhubhisi lesi sifo, ngeke zithuthukise le nkathi.
I-Anthracnose: izici zokunqotshwa komvini nokulwa nalesi sifo
Izici ze-anthracnose yesifo: yini eyingozi kumagilebhisi?
I-anthracnose, kanye nazo zonke izifo ze-fungal, ngokuvamile zinezindawo ezithintekile kakhulu. Kuzibonakalisa kokubili emaqabeni kanye namahlumela esivinini, futhi phezu kwe-inflorescences, futhi kamuva amajikijolo.
Lesi sifo senzeke emhlabeni wonke, ikakhulukazi esivumelana nesimo sezulu esifudumele, njengaseGreat Sea ogwini nase-Ukraine eseningizimu.
Isici esibi kunazo zonke zalesi sifo saso ikhono lokuziqhenya futhi liqhubeke iminyaka engu-5. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nangaphandle kokubonakaliswa kwangaphandle, amagilebhisi angathinteka yi-anthracnose. Kumele uqaphele ukuthi ngesikhathi esisodwa sokukhula i-fungus yalesi sifo ingaveza izizukulwane ezingaba ngu-30 ezinhlamvu zayo.
Lesi sifo sinengozi ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni ezithile zezihlahla, uma ngesikhathi esifanayo isimo sezulu sivuleka ngesikhukhula.
Izici zokubonakaliswa kwe-anthracnose yamagilebhisi
Amahlamvu abathintekile yilesi sifo abhekene nokuba khona kwamabala aluhlaza nomngcele omnyama omnyama. Ngenxa yalolu hlobo lokubonakaliswa, lesi sifo ngokuvamile sibizwa ngokuthi iso lenyoni.
Izindwangu zivame ukuhlanganisa ngisho. Njenge-oidium, lezi zitshalo zidala ukuthi izicubu zeqabunga zife. Amahlumela nawo ayathinta isithende somthunzi obomvu noma obomvu omnyama.okubukeka njengezinkathazo ezicindezelekile.
Emathinini amahlumela abuye abe nomngcele omnyama. Izinkuni ezikhungethe izinkuni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izilonda zakha emvinini. Amahlumela ngokuvamile angaqedwa, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi - aphelile ngokuphelele. Ngendlela efanayo bayasabela ekuthandeni kwamagilebhisi namaqabunga amaqabunga namagilebhisi omvini.
I-inflorescences emva kwesilonda ngesifo esichazwe sibe yisibhakabhaka, soma. Amajikijolo nawo ayathintekile izindawo ezibomvu ezicindezelekile, enomngcele ogunyaziwe wombala omnyama. Lesi sifo sikwazi ukunciphisa isitshalo futhi sikhathazeke kabi esihlahleni.
Yini ongayisebenzisa ukuze kuvinjelwe amagilebhisi anthracnose?
Lesi sifo sivame kakhulu kwizulu lemvula. Ngakho-ke, ngemva kokuba isimo sesimo sezulu siphume, umvini kufanele uphathwe ngezidakamizwa.
Kungcono ukusebenzisa ama-fungicides okudingeka ahlungwe ngesihlahla izikhathi ezimbili ngaphambi kokuba kuqhume, futhi emva kwesikhathi, ngesikhathi sokubunjwa kwamagilebhisi.
Kungcono ukhethe amagilebhisi aphikisana ne-anthracnose.
Ukwelashwa kwesihlahla samavini esithinteka yi-anthracnose
Ukwelapha lesi sifo kunzima kakhulu, nakuba impumelelo ingafinyelelwa. Njengamalungiselelo okuphatha isihlahla, okulandelayo kusetshenziselwa:
- "I-Antrakol"
- "Acrobat"
- Ingxube ye "Bordeaux liquid"
- "Kuprosat"
- "Ridomil"
- Thanos
- "Horus"
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukwelashwa kwenziwa njengomuntu othintana naye (ukwelashwa okokuqala entwasahlobo; kusetshenziselwa amalungiselelo ethusi) kanye nokuhlelekile (konke okulandelayo).
