Abalimi abaningi bama-amateur bakholelwa ngephutha ukuthi i-dogwood ne-machoneaster bayisitshalo esisodwa, amagama kuphela ahlukile. Lokhu kukude kangako, ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokutshala izihlahlana, kufanele uqonde ukufana kwazo kanye nokungafani, kanye nodaba lokukhula kwezinhlobo ngayinye.
Inja
I-Dogwood (i-Cornus mas) - isitshalo ngesimo sezihlahla ezinqenayo noma izihlahla.
Inja
Igama ligama likhulunywa isiTürkic: igama elithi "kyzyl" lisho ukuthi "bomvu".
Umsuka
Indawo ngqo ayaziwa ukuthi iqhamukaphi, kodwa kuyaziwa leya yasendulo, ngokusho ukuthi umsunguli weRoma, uRomulus, esebeke umkhonto emhlabathini, waqokela indawo yokwakha lomuzi ngokuzayo. Umkhonto uthathe izimpande wanikeza isivuno sokuqala se-dogwood.
Kuyathakazelisa. Akekho noyedwa ongakuqinisekisa lokhu, kukhulu kakhulu uRomulus "owaziwa kakhulu" ngecala lokubulawa komfowabo uRemus negama lomuzi lowo ngokumhlonipha. Amathambo alesi sitshalo atholakala ezindaweni zabantu beNkathi yeNeolithic. Kukhona inkolelo yobuKhristu yokuthi isiphambano lapho uMsindisi abethelwe khona esiphambanweni senziwa ngokhuni lwezinja. Abukho namanje ubufakazi obungokomlando noma bemivubukulo kulokhu.
Abalimi enkabeni yeRussia ngandlela-thile bayangabaza ngokuthi kungenzeka kukhule isitshalo eseningizimu. Ngeze. Amafrimu ase-Asia nawo awalukhuni. Ukutshala okwenzeka futhi okuthela izithelo kweCentral Botanical Garden yeRussia Academy of Science ngo-1950 kuqinisekisile lokhu kuphela.
Izinhlobo zasendle zitholakala kuyo yonke indawo eCaucasus, okuvame kakhulu ezindaweni eziseningizimu yeRussia, futhi naseMoldova, e-Ukraine, eCentral nase-Asia Minor, eChina, eJapan, eNyakatho Melika, nasezindaweni ezimaphakathi neziseningizimu neYurophu. Izitshalo zasengadini zikuyo yonke indawo lapho izimo zivumelana khona.
IFogwood isihlahla esikwazi ukufinyelela ebangeni eliphakathi kwamamitha amabili kuya kwayi-6. Amahlumela awo anama-brown hue, amaqabunga anjengama-oval atholakala phezu kwawo.
Izimbali ze-Dogwood nezincazelo zezithelo
Umbala obomvu okhanyayo onama-shades ahlukahlukene athela izithelo zezinhlobo eziningi. Okungaphansi kakhulu amajikijolo aphuzi (abhekwa njenge-albino), onsomi, futhi acishe abe mnyama.
Izithelo ze-Dogwood
Ukwakheka nakho kuhluka, kungahluka esifundeni ngasinye. Phakathi kwazo, okuvame kakhulu:
- i-ellipsoidal;
- spherical;
- -mise okwenziwe ngethanga.
Izithelo ziyi-drupe enokuqukethwe kwejusi ephezulu. Ukunambitheka kunambitheka futhi kumuncu, kwesinye isikhathi kuba ne-astringent encane. Isisindo se-berry ngu-2 ... 6 g; ezinhlotsheni ezikhethiwe zingaba ngaphezulu kancane.
Iwusizo Isici esinelukuluku: ukuqhakaza kuqala ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga avele (endaweni ethile ngo-Ephreli) futhi kuthathe cishe amasonto amabili. Ama-umbrella inflorescence, 15 ... izimbali ezingama-30 ezi-bisexual.
Ukwakheka, izakhiwo ezizuzisayo nokusetshenziswa
Izithelo ze-Dogwood ziyisakhiwo sangempela sezithako ezibalulekile, ngaphandle kwama-carbohydrate ne-fiber, okujwayelekile amajikijolo. Kokuqukethwe, ngokwesibonelo, kwe-ascorbic acid, adlula ngisho namajikijolo amnyama, obhekwa njengejwayelekile kule nkomba.
Ukwakheka kukaVitamin wezithelo:
- I-Carboxylic acid (ikakhulukazi i-amber engatholakali futhi ibalulekile).
- Iqala ngezakhiwo eziyize.
- Izakhi ze-nitrogen.
- Amafutha abalulekile.
- Izinsimbi zomhlaba ze-alkaline ne-alkali, i-zinc, i-magnesium, ifosforasi, insimbi, isibabule.
- Amavithamini A, C, P.
- Ama-polyphenols
- Ishubile
Ukuqhakaza kwenja
Iphunga lalesi sitshalo esivandeni uqobo lwaso luxosha izinambuzane ezingafuneki. Abakhiqizi bezinyosi, ngokuhlukile, bayizivakashi ezamukelekile. Amagciwane azizwa engathandeki futhi.
Izici zokupholisa zilukhuni ngokweqile. Izakhiwo eziwusizo ziningi kakhulu kangangokuba akunakwenzeka ukusho yonke into, okuyiyona eyinhloko:
- Amaqabunga kanye ne-decoction yabo kunezilonda zokulimala, ukulwa nokuvuvukala, umchamo kanye nezenzo ze-choleretic.
- Ama-infusions amaqabunga namagatsha asebenza ku-gout, i-anemia, inkinga yemvelo ejwayelekile.
- Ukufakwa amajikijolo kuqinisa ipheshana emathunjini, kuvimbela isifo sohudo.
- Ijusi yezithelo isiza ukugcina ushukela wegazi ojwayelekile.
- I-decoction yezimpande ingadambisa ubuhlungu be-rheumatic, i-sciatica.
Ngokwemigomo yokudla okunempilo, i-cornel ibaluleke kakhulu kangangokuba ifanelwe yindawo ehlukile ye-gastronomy. Amajikijolo omisiwe, aqandisiwe acishe agcine zonke izici zawo eziwusizo. Ukuqandisa, njengoba abaningi bakholelwa, kuthuthukisa ukunambitheka kwabo ngokukhipha i-acidity.
Kuyathakazelisa! Sebenzisa amacala: ukulondolozwa, izinsiza, ujellies, ujusi, izicubu, amasoseji, ukupheka ngenyama inyama yenkukhu, inhlanzi.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo
IFoodwood ihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezingama-50, ezihlanganiswa zaba ngama-4 subgenera. Phakathi kwazo ziyaziwa emhlabeni futhi zithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabaqambi bengadi:
- I-Dogwood ezejwayelekile (eyesilisa). Isitshalo esincane esifinyelela ku-5-6 m dogwood sihlahla nesihlahla (kuze kufike ku-4 m).
- IFoodwood imhlophe. Shrub kuze kufike ku-3 m mude.
- I-Dogwood Canadian. I-shrub encane ifinyelela ku-20 cm amade.
Alyosha
Izinhlobo zokuqala ezinombala ophuzi we-amber. Banambitha omuncu-omnandi, inyama yabo ithambile. Iqala ukuthela izithelo eminyakeni emi-3 ngemuva kokutshala, kwezinye izifunda kusuka ku-2. Izinhlobonhlobo ziyamelana nezifo futhi zibekezelela iqhwa elihlala isikhathi eside.
Elena
Izinhlobo zokuqala ezinezithelo ezibomvu ezimnyama. Amajikijolo ane-aftertaste emuncu omuncu, alandela ukunambitheka okumnandi okukhanyayo. I-pulp ye-fetus iminyene futhi amathambo ahlukaniswe kahle.
UKizil Elena
Izinhlobonhlobo zivame ukutshala izinhloso zokukhiqiza, ama-juices, ama-jams kanye ne-pastille alungiswa kuwo.
Nikolka
Enye yezinhlobonhlobo zokuqala ezinezithelo eziqhakazile zethoni. I-pulp iminyene, inambitha okumnandi nge-acidity encane. Isitshalo sibekezelela isithwathwa kahle size sifike kuma-32 degrees.
Kuhle
Enye inhlobonhlobo yokuqala enezithelo ezibomvu ezicebile. Inyama eluhlaza yemibala ebomvu emnyama inokunambitheka okumnandi nokumuncu. Lesi sitshalo sibekezelela kahle iqhwa, ngisho namajikijolo awalahli ukubonakala kwawo lapho kuneziqalo zokuqala.
Dlulisa emva kokuthenga endaweni evulekile
Ukuthenga izithombo kubalulekile ekwindla. Inketho enhle yesikhathi sokutshala ukwindla, lapho nje ukuqala kokuwa kwamaqabunga kuqala.
Ukufakelwa kweninja
Ukukhetha isiza kungokuhlala unomphela - umthunzi osesilinganisweni, ezindaweni ezinelanga ilanga lizizwa likhululekile. Ukutshala izitshalo kuyadingeka ngamamitha ayi-3-5 kusuka kocingo futhi kusuka komunye nomunye.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, umgodi ulungiswa, unobubanzi obungama-80 cm nobubanzi obungama-0,8-1 m. UHumus ubekwa phansi komgodi uhlanganiswe nomanyolo wamaminerali, kuthathelwa ungqimba oluncane lomhlaba phezu kwawo, kuchithwe ngamanzi, bese kuthiwe izinkuni zomhlobiso - isihlahla somhlobiso. Kuzungeze isitshalo, inhlabathi iyathululwa futhi ihlanganiswe, emva kwalokho ithululwe.
Ukusakazwa ngokusika
Njengazo zonke izitshalo, i-dogwood (isihlahla noma isihlahlana) ikhula ngezindlela eziningi. Okuvame kakhulu kuyimifino. Kuphela amahlumela aluhlaza ongekho ngaphezu kweminyaka emi-5 afanelekile ukuzalaniswa. Okuhlotshisiwe nakho kufanelekile, kepha kuthatha izimpande kabi kakhulu, ngakho-ke, ukuze wonge isikhathi nomzamo, kungcono ukusebenzisa amagatsha amancane kuphela.
Amahlumela asikwa ekuseni, ngalinye libe ngu-15 cm. Ngamunye wabo kufanele abe nobuncane bamapuleti amaqabunga amabili. I-pair ephansi iyasuswa, ukusikwa kubekwe amahora amaningana (okungenani i-6) kwizixazululo ze-heteroauxin.
Kubalulekile! Ngezikhathi ezithile, kuyadingeka ukuhlola ukutshala nokuchitheka.
Ngemuva kwalokho, atshalwe engxenyeni encane esihlabathini esilungiselelwe (ihlanza kuqala). Okulandelayo, okufakwayo kumbozwe nge-polyethylene, kepha kufanele kube khona isikhala ngaphezulu kwezisikiwe.
Ukunakekelwa Kwezinja
Kulula ukunakekela isitshalo. Kuyadingeka ukhula ezungeze isihlahla noma indawo yesihlahla. Uma kunesidingo, nisela (izikhathi ezi-1-2 ngesonto).
I-Dogwood (isihlahla noma isihlahlana) kufanele bondliwe kabili ngesizini. Entwasahlobo (ekuqaleni kwesizini ekhulayo) kufanele ondliwe ngamanyolo aqukethe inani elikhulu le-nitrogen, ekwindla - potassium.
4 Ukunakekelwa Kwezinja
Ukugwema ukuvela kwezinambuzane nezifo emithini yezinkuni noma ezihlahleni, kanye nokunikeza izitshalo ukubukeka kokuhlobisa, kuyadingeka ukunquma okungenani kanye ngonyaka. I-Dogwood isabela kahle ekusokeni entwasahlobo nasekwindla.
I-Cotoneaster - isihlahla somhlobiso
ICotoneaster isihlahla esihlala sihlala njalo esihlobisa ingadi unyaka wonke, entwasahlobo nasehlobo sithande ngezimbali ezintekenteke futhi eziqhakazile, ekwindla ngezithelo ezibomvu.
Imvelaphi nokubukeka
ICotoneaster ifana kakhulu ne-quince, ngakho-ke yanikezwa igama elithi Cotoneaster (okusho ukuthi “quince-like”). Umndeni unezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwekhulu ezahlukene ze-cotoneaster. Endle, zitholakala kulo lonke elase-Afrika naseYurophu. Izakhamizi eziningi zasehlobo, ziyibhidanisa ne-dogwood, zithole izihlahlana futhi zilindele isivuno esimnandi sezithelo ezinesikhumba esiqala ukugqama kahle ngemuva kokuvuthwa okugcwele.
Cotoneaster
I-Irga iyakwazi ukufinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-3-6. Amahlumela, aqine, athola ithoni emnyama yamagxolo. Amaqabunga e-green hue akhanyayo aqinile futhi acwebezelayo.
Izimbali zincanyana futhi ziqoqwa ngama-inflorescence amancane wezimbali eziyi-15 ukuya kwezi-20, kwesinye isikhathi ama-25. Isihlahla siqala ukuqhakaza kuze kuvele amahlamvu amahlumela.
Izici zokuhlobisa
I-Cotoneaster (irga) ingeyesezihlahla ezinwabuzelayo. Uzibonakalisile njengesitshalo esingasetshenziselwa ukwakheka kwamadolobha namabhishi ehlobo. Imvamisa isetshenziselwa ukutshala izingoma zensimu yamatshe noma ukutshala okukodwa (njengendawo eyisisekelo).
Into esemqoka yokuhlobisa ye-irgi yizithelo ezibomvu, okuthi isikhathi eside zingawa kusuka amahlumela. Enye inzuzo ngamaqabunga, ngoba aluhlaza unyaka wonke. Ngenxa yezithelo namaqabunga, i-cotoneaster ibukeka ihlobisa unyaka wonke.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo
ICotoneaster inezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo, ezinye zazo ziyinqayizivele, ezinye zihlala ziluhlaza. Ngayinye yazo inobuhle bayo obuhlukile.
Izithelo zeCotoneaster
Okuvamile
Izinhlobo ezinhle eziwohlokayo, ezikwazi ukufinyelela kumamitha ayi-2 ukuphakama. Amacembe ayo ayi-ovoid, aluhlaza okotshani. Izimbali azilingani, zipinki eziphaphathekile, ziqoqwe kuma-inflorescence. Izithelo zifana nama-apula abomvu amancane awela ekupheleni kukaSepthemba.
Kucindezelwe
Hhayi isitshalo eside kakhulu, sikhula kuphela kuma-30 cm ukuphakama. Amaqabunga mancane, ehlobo anokuhlobana okuluhlaza, ekwindla aphenduka onsomi. Izimbali zincanyana, zinephimbo elibomvana, zihlala i-1-2 kulo lonke ihlumela. Ngemuva kokuvuthwa, izithelo ziba bomvu okhanyayo, zibe nosayizi omncane, kuphela ngo-5-7 mm.
Ukuzala kabusha kweCotoneaster
Kuvundlile
Ummeleli we-evergreen womndeni, okwazi ukufinyelela ukuphakama okungamasentimitha angama-45 kuye kwangama-55. Amahlumela, akhula, aqala ukushushuluza aze afike emhlabathini. Kuzo, kwakheka 1-1.5 cm wombala oluhlaza okotshani, onomumo oyindilinga. Ngo-ekwindla, bashintsha umbala babe ithoni ebubende. Ijabulisa izimbali zayo eziqhakazile (izimbali ezibomvana ezibomvu), zihlangana nokwakhiwa kwezithelo ezibomvu.
Dlulisa emva kokuthenga endaweni evulekile
I-Cotoneaster ayinazidingo ezikhethekile zezimo ezikhulayo, ngakho-ke ingatshalwa noma kuphi, kepha izwa ingcono kakhulu kunombala. Ngaphambi kokutshala, umgodi ulungiswa ngokujula kwamamitha ayi-0.7 nobubanzi obuyi-0.5 m. Ingxube yenhlabathi ye-peat, humus nomhlaba ibekwe phansi kwayo (1: 1: 1). Ingxube ichithwa ngamanzi, bese isihlahla sitshalwe emgodini.
Iwusizo Izidingo zeCotoneaster shrub zokutshala nokunakekela zisezingeni eliphakeme: ukuthambisa ejwayelekile, ukugqoka okuphezulu kwesizini ngamanyolo ayinkimbinkimbi, ukugunda izinwele okudala nokugawulwa. ICotoneaster ibekezelela kalula isomiso esifushane, kodwa kungcono ukungabambezeli ukuthambisa, njengoba iqala ukwehla amaqabunga ngenxa yokuntuleka komsoco.
Ukuzala
I-Cotoneaster isabalalisa ngokusatshalaliswa ngokusobala; kulokhu, amahlumela aluhlaza ka-10-15 cm ngezindawo ezinamaqabunga ama-2-3 kufanele asetshenziswe. Inqubo yokusika e-lignified izothatha isikhathi esiningi, futhi izinga lokusinda liphansi kakhulu. Isikhathi esihle sokuzala yinyanga ka-Agasti.
Ngokutshala izinto zokutshala zokusakazeka, i-substrate ilungiswa kusuka esihlabathini nasetheni. I-Peat ibekwe phansi, isendlalelo esikhulu sesihlabathi esigeziwe sithululelwa ngaphezulu. Ukufakelwa embozwe ifilimu. Ngentwasahlobo, ukusika kufanele kuthathwe izimpande.
Izihlahla ezimbili ezinhle zizokwenza ingadi igqame futhi ibe ntofontofo ngokwengeziwe. Naphezu kokufana okuncane kwamaqabunga nezithelo kwezinye izinhlobo, umehluko omkhulu kakhulu yikhono lokukhula: i-cotoneaster icindezelwa phansi, i-dogwood isihlahla esiqondile.
