Abalandeli be-asters kuyaqabukela baphendukela ezintweni zokutshala ezifuywayo. Kuthandwa ukuthi kunikezwe imbewu nezithombo zakwamanye amazwe. Lokhu kuholele ekutheni ama-pathogens akwazi ukubulala imbali asabalale yonke indawo. Namuhla, kunamagciwane acishe abe ngu-24 athelele isitshalo. I-aster egulayo iqala ukubuna. Amaqabunga ayo aba mancane, ama-inflorescence awonakele, ukukhula kuncipha. Ngaphezu kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye namagciwane, izinambuzane eziningi zinomphumela oyingozi ezimbalini.
Ukuchazwa kafushane kwesitshalo
Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, i-aster ibilokhu ibhekwa njengophawu lobuhle, isizotha, ubuhle. Namuhla, cishe akekho onesifiso semvelaphi yalobu buhle, kepha wonke umuntu uvumelana nombono wakhe omangalisayo.
I-Asters
Ngenxa yomsebenzi wabalimi, izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo zama-asters zenziwe ngendlela yokuthi abalimi abanolwazi baqala ukudideka kubona. Lesi sitshalo somhlobiso sinemidwebo eminingi nemibala. Kumabala ezindlu, ungathola imibala ephuzi, emhlophe, ebomvu, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, epinki, nezinsomi.
I-Astra iyimbali emangalisa kakhulu. Uhlotshiswe ngemisele, otshalwe eceleni kwendlela engadini, kuvulandi. Ekunakekelweni nasekutshaleni isitshalo akuyona into emnandi, kepha sithambekele ekunqobeni izifo ezahlukahlukene.
Izimpawu zezifo zezimbali
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela kusengaphambili izimpawu zesifo esithile sesitshalo. Lokhu kuzovumela ukuthatha isikhathi esifanele izindlela zokumsindisa. Akunakusho ukuthi kufanele uvumele inkinga ikhukhulwe - isitshalo sizofa, futhi yonke imizamo yokuyikhulisa iyize.
Amacembe aphuzi
Uma amaqabunga e-aster ephenduka aphuzi, lokhu kubonisa ukuthi imbali ingaba nezinkinga ezilandelayo:
- ukugqwala
- fusarium wilt;
- jaundice.
Nakani! Kunoma ikuphi, uma amaqabunga ephenduka aphuzi, kudingeka izinyathelo ezifanele zokuqeda imbangela.
Ukusonteka
Kungani i-aster twist ishiya? Ezimweni ezingama-90%, lesi simo siyisiqinisekiso esicacile sokuthi lesi sitshalo sithintekile ukutheleleka ngeFusarium.
I-Spotting
Ukuvela kokubona amaqabunga kubonisa lezi zinkinga ezilandelayo:
- ukutheleleka nge-sepriosis;
- ukuthuthukiswa kwe-fusarium;
- ukunqotshwa kwezifo ezingamagciwane.
I-Syriosis yisifo esidume ngokuthi ukubala kwamabala ansundu.
Okunye
Lesi sitshalo somile emvinini - lokhu kuwubufakazi bokuthi imbali ike yangenwa yisifo sokukhunta.
Iziqongo zamaqabunga zigobile - imbangela ingaba ngama-aphid noma ukuba khona kwenani elikhulu le-nitrogen emhlabathini. Amaqabunga ama-Curly angabonakala ngokunisela okunganele.
I-Asters - ukulwa nezifo eziyingozi
Yikuphi ukutheleleka okungeke kuthinte imbali, lokhu kuzoholela ekulahlekelweni ubuhle bayo ngisho nasekufeni kwesitshalo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukwazi izifo eziphambili ze-asters nokwelashwa kwazo.
Isifo somoya
Jaundice Asters
Izimbali zithinteka yileli gciwane, eliqhutshwa ama-cicadas kanye ne-aphid.
Ama-Aster ashiya endaweni ye-vein athole umthunzi okhanyayo bese ekugcineni ephenduka amhlophe. Izitshalo ziyeka ukukhula, ukukhula kwe-bud kuyema.
Izindlela zomzabalazo:
- izindlela eziyisisekelo zokuvikela i-asters kufanele ziqondiswe kubathwali begciwane;
- zonke izitshalo ezithintekayo zidinga ukushiswa;
- ama-aster kumele aphathwe ngama-ejenti angavumeli ukuheha ama-aphid kanye nama-cicadas ezimbalini.
Nakani! Ungalwa nezithwali zegciwane usebenzisa ezinye izindlela - izitshalo zifafazwa ngengxube equkethe ukumiliselwa kwe-yarrow nekhambi lensipho.
Umlenze omnyama
Umenzeli we-causative, okuyi fungus, uthelela izithombo zezitshalo:
- izithombo ziphenduka mnyama;
- ezimpandeni nasesisekelweni sokubopha kwentamo kuqala ukuvela;
- iziqu zezithombo ziba mncane bese ziyafa.
Izindlela zomzabalazo:
- inhlabathi kumele ibulawe amagciwane ngesisombululo se-0.5-1% se-potanganum permanganate (100 ml yesisombululo kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi);
- izithombo ze-dive kumele zisesigabeni sokuqala sokukhula;
- akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa imbewu yezitshalo ezinesifo njengezinto zokutshala;
- Iziqukathi zokutshala ziphathwa ngesisombululo se-sulfate yethusi (100 g ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi).
Nakani! Ungaqeda ukwakheka kwamafungi nezindlela zabantu. Ukuze lokhu, inhlabathi iniselwa nge ukumnika izikali anyanisi.
Ukugqwala i-asters
Lokhu kugula kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezimbali kuthathwa njengeyingozi impela, ngoba kungaholela ekufeni kwazo zonke izithombo ezikule ndawo. Kuma-aster, ukugqwala kuvela ngesimo sokukhula kanye namabala ansundu, athinta amaqabunga ezitshalo. Izikhala ezibangela lesi sifo zibekezelela ubusika kahle, zisakazeka kumabanga amade nomoya. Lokhu kuholela ekungeneni kwezifo ezinhlobonhlobo zezimbali.
Ukugqwala ku-Asters
Izindlela zomzabalazo:
- izitshalo zidinga ukutshalwa kude namaConifers (ibanga - okungenani amamitha ayi-300);
- izimbali zifafazwa masonto onke ngesisombululo esingu-1% soketshezi lweBordeaux.
Uma ama-aster ethole lesi sifo, zonke izitshalo ezithelelekile kufanele zichithwe. Lokhu kuzosindisa ezinye izimbali.
Ukubuka amabacteria
Ehlangothini olungaphansi kwamapheshana athinteka amagciwane, amabala anamafutha anemibala ansundu aqala ukwakha. Zingabonakala nakuzo iziqu kanye nezihluma zezitshalo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amabala anjalo aqala ukuvela ohlangothini olungaphezulu lwamaqabunga. Ngenxa yalokho, lesi sifo simboza wonke amaqabunga imbali.
Ukugula kuqala ukukhula ngesikhathi sokuqunjelwa. Ngokuzayo, uthelela inflorescence of aster kanye nembewu. Amagciwane abekezelela ubusika kahle; ngenkathi ebandayo, ahlala emhlabathini udoti.
Izindlela zomzabalazo:
- ukufafaza izihlahla ngesixazululo esingu-1% we-Bordeaux fluid - masonto onke;
- ukucubungula izimbali nokwakheka okungu-0.5% kwe-oxychloride yethusi - njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10.
Nakani! Ukwelashwa ngesixazululo soketshezi lweBordeaux kumele kuqale ngokushesha nje lapho isifo sitholakele kulesi simila. Kulokhu, zonke izihloko ezithintekile kufanele zisuswe.
I-Fusarium wilt
I-Fusarium ngesinye sezifo eziyingozi kakhulu ze-asters. Umenzeli wayo we-causative yi-Fusarium mushroom, ebukeka njengezinhlamvu ezinezindonga eziwugqinsi. Uyakwazi ukuba semhlabathini isikhathi eside, lapho ehlasela khona igciwane. Izinhlayiya zale pathogen zingena ezimbalini ngezimpande zaso bese ziqala ukusakazeka ngenkuthalo ngohlelo olwenziwayo, okuholela ekuthini zivale izigaxa zalo.
Izimpawu zesifo:
- amaqabunga ashintsha umbala - ukusuka ephuzi kuye ekutholeni i-brown hue;
- amabala ansundu wesimo esidlulile avela ezihlahleni;
- imbali ibukeka imnyama; ukukhula kwayo kuyaphela;
- kushiya ukunyitheka nokufiphala;
- i-mycelium ikhula ngaphansi kwesiqu, kuqhakaza izimbali eziqhakazayo.
Nakani! Amabhishi asemancane awathinteki kakhulu yiFusarium. I-pathogen uqobo ihlasela i-aster yonyaka owodwa. Ayisebenzi ezimbali zezinye izinhlobo.
Uma kuvela imicu emnyama ohlangothini olulodwa lwesiqu sesitshalo (i-unilateral lesion) futhi amaqabunga eqala ukubuna, lokhu kuyisibonakaliso esiyinhloko sokuthi i-asthma fusarium iyenzeka: kanjani ukubhekana nalesi sifo?
Izindlela zomzabalazo:
- ukuzungeza kwezitshalo;
- ukucekelwa phansi kwezihlahla ezinegciwane kulandelwa ukwelashwa kwenhlabathi ngokushesha;
- ukubuya kwesilimo sokuhlwanyela endaweni yaso yasekuqaleni akukho ngaphambi kweminyaka emi-5;
- inhlabathi acidization ngokukhawula;
- ukubulala amagciwane ngaphambi kokutshala ngezixazululo ezikhethekile.
I-Fusarium wilting aster
Izimo zokushisa ezikahle zokusatshalaliswa okukhulu kwe-pathogen - kusuka kuma-12 ° C okushisa, nangokukhiqizwa kwawo - + 20-27 ° C.
Ukubola okumpunga
Izilonda, ama-inflorescence neziqu ze-asters zithinteka kulokhu kugula. Lesi sifo sithembile ikakhulukazi kubasizi abasebasha abangakakwazi ukuba namandla. Izindawo ezithintwe yilesi sifo zithola i-tint brown bese ziqala ukubola. Endaweni yokutheleleka, ukugoqa okumpunga okune-fluff kuvela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukuphela kwendlela yokumelana nalesi sifo ukubhujiswa kwezihlumela zezitshalo ezinesifo.
Izilokazane eziphambili, izindlela zokulwa nazo
Izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene zithanda ukuhlala kuma-aster. Bacekela phansi amaqabunga, efihlekile, neziqu zesitshalo. Lokhu konakalisa ukubukeka kwembali yokuhlobisa futhi kuvame ukuholela ekufeni kwayo.
Nakani! Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukhule ama-aster esakhiweni somuntu, kungakuhle ukuthi uzijwayeze nezinambuzane eziphambili zalezi zitshalo, ufunde ukuthi ungazisingatha kanjani.
Isikhala sesicabucabu
Lesi sinambuzane sonakalisa amaqabunga e-aster. Baqale bashintshe umbala wabo, bese bancipha bese bawa.
Ukunqoba i-spider mite, izihlahla ziphathwa ngesisombululo sensipho.
I-earwig ejwayelekile
Isilonda esiyingozi kakhulu se-asters yi-earwig ejwayelekile. Ithinta amaqabunga esitshalo, ibulala ama-inflorescence nama-buds.
Ukuze ususe, amabhasi adinga ukufafazwa ngeFundazole.
Isivunguvungu seqhwa se-Astral
Hhayi nje kuphela uvemvane ngokwalo elimaza izihlahla, kodwa amacimbi alo. Badla ama-aster inflorescence amancane, imbewu kanye nama-petals.
Ikhokhasi ye-Astro Blizzard
Ukuze usindise isitshalo ezinambwini, kudingeka ukuthi kuhlolwe njalo futhi kuqoqwe izibungu eziqoqwe ngesandla. Ukuvimbela ukuvela kwe-astro blizzard, inhlabathi iphathwa ngeBazudin.
Isihlungo se-aphid
Lezi zinambuzane zithinta amaqabunga ezimbali ezincane, eziqala ukuncipha futhi ziwe.
Ukulwa nokwehlulwa kwe-aphid yezinso, amatshiza afafazwa ngeKarbofos.
Khanyisa i-slug
Kulimaza amahlamvu nezimbali. Ukuze ususe, amakati ahlala edinga ukuhlolwa. Uma ama-slugs etholakala, aqoqwa ngesandla bese eshiswa lapho kungasebenzi khona.
Ukuze i-slug etshaliwe ingazibangeli inkathazo, kuyadingeka ukususa wonke ukhula ngendlela efanelekile, kulondolozwe insimu ngendlela yayo emsulwa, futhi iphathe umhlaba nge-superphosphate.
Amapeni we-Slobbering
Lesi sinambuzane sivela ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo futhi sithela izitshalo ezincane. Emagxeni amaqabunga e-aster, ishiya ukonakala ngesimo segwebu. Izibungu zezinambuzane zihlala lapho. Amaqabunga imbali ethinteka yiziqubulo ze-slobbery athola amabala amancane aphuzi, futhi ukuqhakaza kwawo kubanda kakhulu.
Nakani! Ukulwa nezinambuzane, izihlahla kufanele zifafazwe ngesisombululo se-0,2% seKarbofos.
Helichrysum aphid
Ama-aphid ahlasela amaqabunga namahlamvu aster waminyaka yonke. Lokhu kuholela ekushwabeni nasekuweni kwabo.
Ukuqeda ukuhlaselwa kwama-aphid, ama-bush afafazwa ngama-insecticides e-systemic.
Ukuvimbela Izifo nokunakekelwa okufanele
Izifo ze-asters zifaka isandla ekufeni kwesitshalo. Ukuvimbela lokhu kungenzeki, thatha izinyathelo ezilandelayo zokuthintela:
- kokuzalela izitshalo sebenzisa izinto zokutshala ezinempilo nezinhlamvu;
- ukhule izinhlobo ezikwazi ukumelana namagciwane;
- ahlinzeke ngezimbali ngokunakekelwa okufanele;
- khomba njalo futhi uchithe izinambuzane ezisongela isitshalo;
- i -centling kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwezihlahla ezinezimpawu zokulimala kwegciwane;
- ukulwa nokhula.
Nakani! Ama-Asters adinga ukubhekwa njalo nokunakekelwa. Le ndlela ukuphela kwembula izifo zabo ezincane ngendlela efike ngesikhathi futhi bathathe izinyathelo ezifanele zokonga izitshalo.
Ukuvikela isifo kwe-Aster kuvikela izimbali kumagciwane kanye nesikhunta
Ungayinakekela kanjani i-asters ibhaliwe ngezansi:
- Kokukhula okuhle kwama-asters, izinga lokushisa lomoya akufanele lihle ngaphansi kwama-degrees angu-20 ° C okushisa.
- Ama-Asters athanda izindawo ezinelanga. Emthunzini, izimbali ngeke zikhule futhi zife.
- I-Asters iyaniselwa njengoba umhlabathi womisa. Ukubloga kwamanzi akufanele kuvunyelwe. Ngaphandle kwalokho, uhlelo lwezimpande zesitshalo luzoqala ukubola.
- Ama-Asters awadingi ukufafazwa okwengeziwe. Bathola wonke umswakama wokukhula nokuthuthuka kusuka ukuchelela. Izitshalo zifafazwa kuphela ngezixazululo ezikhethekile nezingxube lapho ziphatha imbali ekulimaleni kwezifo nasezinambuzaneni.
- Umswakama omuhle womoya wokukhula kahle kwama-asters kufanele okungenani ube ngama-60% hhayi ngaphezulu kwama-70%. Umoya omile uthinta kabi ukubukeka kokuhlobisa kwesitshalo.
- Umhlabathi lapho izimbali zikhula zidinga ukukhiqizwa komoya-mpilo njalo. Ungazenza zigcwalise kanjani inhlabathi? Lokhu kwenziwa ngokutshala okujwayelekile, ukugwema ukulimala ezimpandeni zezitshalo.
- Ama-Asters athanda ukugqoka okuphezulu ngendlela yamanyolo wezimbiwa. Ama-nitric akufanele asetshenziswe, njengoba anciphisa inani lama-inflorescence, ngenkathi ekhulisa ukwakheka kwesisindo esinqumayo.
Ama-Asters angabulawa ngumonakalo ngamagciwane noma ngezinambuzane. Ukuvikela lokhu, udinga ukuhlola izitshalo njalo. Uma kutholakala ngisho nezimpawu ezincane zesifo noma selesion, isidingo esiphuthumayo sokuthatha izinyathelo ukusindisa izimbali.
