Iklabishi - imifino esemqoka etafuleni laseRussiakanye namazambane. Ngokusho kwezondlo, iklabishi ingenye yemikhiqizo esemqoka eyenza ukudla okunomsoco.
Iklabishi ijusi lingaphulukisa izifo eziningi, ngokuphawulekayo kuthuthukisa ukubukeka, ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwamavithamini hhayi kuphela, kodwa namaminerali.
Unkosikazi omuhle uzopheka izitsha eziningi zekhabishi eziphundu. Ngakho ekhula engadini - kuyisiqinisekiso sokudla okunempilo wonke unyaka ozayo.
Izinzuzo zokutshalwa kwe-greenhouse
Iklabishi, ngisho nezinhlobo zayo zakudala, emvuthweni ovulekile ngo-Agasti. I-Hothouse indlela yokulima izokuvumela ukuba uthole isivuno esisha ngoJuni - ekuqaleni kukaJulayi. Kuhle ukuthi kungenzeka ukulawula izinga lokushisa nokukhulisa usuku lokukhanya uma kunesidingo, okuzoba nomphumela omuhle ekukhuleni nasekuvuthweni kweklabishi.
Khulisa izithombo endaweni yokushisa, futhi ukhululekile kakhulu ngenxa yesizathu esifanayo. Ngesikhathi esithile sokukhula, kudinga izimo ezahlukene zokushisa, okuyinto enzima kakhulu ukuhlinzeka ekhaya. Izithombo zekhwalithi - lokhu kuyisiqinisekiso sokuvunwa okuhle. Indlela yokutshala iklabishi ku-greenhouse, cabanga ngezansi.
Mayelana nezinye izitshalo zensimu ezingatshalwa endaweni yokushisa, funda kwi-website yethu.
Izinhlobo zeklabishi
Ngama-akhawunti wonke, ku-greenhouse kungcono ukukhula izinhlobo zakuqala iklabishi. Angasetshenziselwa kuphela ama-saladi nokupheka, kodwa futhi anomuncu. Iklabishi yokuqala emhlophe - "Ukudla kokudla ekuqaleni." Inikeza isivuno sokuqala ezinsukwini ezingama-50-70 emva kokutshala izithombo.
Ikhanda eliyindilinga, elincane lilinganiselwa ku-1.5 kg. Ungasusa kufika ku-40 kg kusuka kumamitha ayisishiyagalolunye. m. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo balimi.
Izinhlobonhlobo "Ihektare legolide elingu-1432" alisho futhi lihle kakhulu. Phuma esikhathini esingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-105-130 ngemuva kokuvela amahlumela okuqala. Izinhloko iklabishi abe nombala omhlophe futhi ikhule ibe ngu-3 kg. Kufaneleka ama saladi, ukupheka okushisayo nokuvutshelwa.
Ukuvuna okuhle kunika izinhlobonhlobo "Inombolo yokuqala K-206", ilungele ukuvuna ezinsukwini eziyi-100-120 emva kokusuka kokuqala. Ukukhiqiza kuya ku-40 kg / 10 sq. m, ama-cabbages enesisindo esingama-2 kg. Ungathatha futhi izinhlobo ze-hybrid zakuqala zeklabishi, eyakhiwe ngabalimi bangaphandle - i-Dutch, isiFulentshi, isiPolish, njll.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Khulisa iklabishi ku-abamba ukushisa ngisho oqalayo angakwazi imifino yezitshalo. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhula iklabishi yokuqala ekuqaleni kokushisa akuyona inkimbinkimbi. Kwanele ukulandela imithetho futhi wazi ezinye izicabha zokunakekelwa kuyo. Lapho ukutshala iklabishi on izithombo in abamba ukushisa?
Esikhathini sokushisa, imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngoFebruwari, ku-greenhouse Izithombo zitshalwe phakathi no-Ephreli. Abanye, ochwepheshe abanesibindi kakhulu, bahlwanyela imbewu ngoDisemba, beqedela izithombo nge phytolamps, ngenkathi bethola isivuno ekuqaleni kukaJune.
Imbewu
Ngisho nasendlini yokushisa iklabishi ikhule kuphela kusuka izithombo. Indlela yokukhulisa izithombo zeklabishi zakuqala ku-abamba ukushisa? Ukuze uthole izithombo ezinamandla, kudingeka ukhethe okulungile futhi utshale imbewu. Khetha kufanele ibe yikulu kunazo zonke futhi imnyama kakhulu.
Imbewu yokutshala
Kungcono ukuhlwanyela imbewu izithombo kumibhede ye-steam noma zokugcina izithombo. Uma ukhulisa izithombo zeklabishi ebamba ukushisa, ngokuvamile zisebenzisa i-biofuel. Ukulungisa i-ridge ye-steam, udinga emhlabathini ukumba umsele ngamasentimitha angama-30 futhi ububanzi buka-100-120 cm. I-biofuel isethwe phansi, ihlanganiswe umhlaba kusuka phezulu. Ukuze uthole izithombo ezifanele kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo ze-turf land, peat nesihlabathi.
Ukunakekelwa kwesithombo
Indlela yokutshala iklabishi izithombo endaweni yokushisa engakhiwa noma ngaphansi kwefilimu? Emhlabathini ubutha ukufika ku-20 ° C, imbewu itshalwe ekujuleni kwe-1 cm. Uhlaka olunamafilimu okuphakama okungenani okungama-30 cm lubekwe phezulu. Amahlumela okuqala ashaywa emva kwezinsuku ezingu-4Lokhu kusho ukuthi kungenzeka ukuvula ukushisa okushisa ngesikhathi semini yokwenza izithelo ezilukhuni. Ukuphuza izithombo akukhuthazwa okwamanje. Emva kokuvela kwephepha lokuqala, izinga lokushisa kufanele liphakanyiswe ngu-2-3 ° C kuze kube yi-10-12 ° C.
Lapho kuqala ama-1-2 okushiya udinga ukuphuma ngaphandle bese uqala ukuphuza okukhulayo futhi ukondla izithombo. Ngesikhathi sokukhula kwakhe feed izikhathi ezingu-3.
Isikhathi sokuqala sondliwa ngenhlanganisela ye-phosphate, i-potash ne-nitrogen fertilizer, okwesibili - kuphela nge-nitrogen, futhi okwesithathu - ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo endaweni yokushisa - futhi iphindwe futhi nge-nitrogen-potassium-phosphorus. Ukunisela kwenziwa nsuku zonke ekuseni..
Izithombo zokufakelwa ezitsheni zokushisa
Into ebaluleke kakhulu - izithombo - usukhulile kakade. Kunabantu abambalwa kakhulu, imisebenzi eyinhloko ngemuva. Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo endaweni yokushisa, lungisa inhlabathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-greenhouse kufanele ifakwe ngezibani ezengeziwe zokukhanyisa.
Ukwandisa izithombo zeklabishi ku-greenhouse polycarbonate, indlela efakazelwe ukudala izimo ezifanele, okuqhubekayo ukuthola ukuthandwa phakathi kwabalimi nabalimi.
Umhlaba
Iklabishi isitshalo esithandayo amanzi amaningi, ngakho inhlabathi yalo kumele ibe mnandi, umswakama ogcina kahle. Kungcono ukuqala ukupheka ngesikhathi sokuwa - ukuthi ungayigcina kanjani, hhayi ngaphansi kwe-bayonet ye-spade, ngesikhathi esifanayo nokwenza umanyolo. Kungaba umquba womquba noma umquba namaminerali amaminerali. Iklabishi ayithandi inhlabathi e-acidicNgakho-ke, uma kunesidingo, ekwindla udinga ukuchitha imingcele.
Akunakwenzeka ukutshala iklabishi ezweni elifanayo ngonyaka nonyaka. Ukutshala ukujikeleza kufanele kuhlonishweuma kungenjalo ngeke uthole isivuno esihle.
Izandulela phambili zazo ziyoba ukhukhamba, amazambane, anyanisi, noma izithelo zomzimba, emva kwalokho izinto eziningi eziwusizo zihlala emhlabathini.
Ukutshala izithombo
Ukufakelwa kwesitshalo ku-greenhouse kwenzeka lapho amahlumela enamaqabunga amane, abukeka enamandla futhi aluhlaza. Uma amahlumela ehlaza okwesibhakabhaka embala, lokhu kubonisa ubuthakathaka nokungafuni ukufakelwa.
Izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuphuma Izithombo zidinga kancane kanzima. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ku-greenhouse izinga lokushisa lomusi liyehla ku-16-18 ° C, ebusuku - kuya ku-12 ° C. Kubuye kubhalwe njalo. Kungcono ukusinda izithombo nge-transshipment, hhayi ukuzulazula i-clod yodaba evela ezimpandeni ukuze ungalimazi. Imbobo yenziwa emhlabathini, ithululelwa ngamanzi kanye nomanyolo.
I-sapling igxila emgodini, umhlabathi owuzungezayo uqina ngokuqinile, okuqinisekisa uxhumano oluyisiphezulu esiphezulu nomhlabathi. Phakathi kwezithombo kumele kube khona ibanga lokungenani ngamasentimitha angu-30. Ukunisela iklabishi kufanele kuqalwe ngesonto emva kokutshala, lapho izithombo zisuselwe kahle.
Ukunakekela
Ukunakekela iklabishi ku-abamba ukushisa kusetshenziselwa ukuchelela njalo, ukukhulula inhlabathi, ukudla nokugcina isimo sokushisa nokukhanya. Iklabishi ilula kakhulu-idingaUsuku olukhanyayo kufanele lube ngamahora angu-14-17. Uma kunesidingo, kufanele kube dosvechivat.
Ukushisa kokukhula okujwayelekile nokuvuthwa kugcinwa ngo-16-20 ° C. Kanye ngamaviki amabili iklabishi zondliwe ngamanzi omquba. Umswakama odingekayo - 70-80%, ukuchelela kufanele kube njalo futhi ugcwale.
Izinhlobo iklabishi
Iklabishi elimhlophe, nakuba liphethe ukuhola, namanje akuyona yedwa. Manje emasimini ungabona imibhede nge-broccoli, i-Beijing ne-cauliflower. Nabo ingahlonywa ngempumelelo endaweni yokushisa.
Beijing
Ithisi elimangalisayo - Beijing - ekuqaleni, wakhe ingaqoqwa emva kwezinsuku ezingu-40-80 emva kokuvela kwamahlumela. Izimo zokulima endaweni yokushisa kweklabishi yaseBeijing yilezi: ukushisa kwe-16-18 ° C, inhlabathi evundile evundile.
Amahlumela avela ekushiseni kwe-20 ° C, bese ancipha ibe ngu-10 ° C. Izithombo zikhula izinsuku ezingu-20 ngokushisa komusi we-22 ° C nobusuku - 16 ° C. Izithombo eziyizinsuku ezingu-20 zitshalwe endaweni yokushisa.
Ngokuvame ukutshala endaweni yokushisa kanye namakhukhamba notamatisi njenge "sealant". Ukuvuthwa kubhekwa njengeklabishi eliphakathi kwe-300 g. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele. ungakwazi ukuqoqa kuze kufike ku-8 kg kusuka ku-1 square. m.
I-Broccoli
Muva nje, izakhamuzi ziye zeluleka kakhulu ukuthi zifake i-broccoli ekudleni. Abanye kubize ngokuthi "imifino" yokuvuselela okuqukethwe kuwo kwe-methionine ne-choline, okuxwayisa ukuqoqwa emzimbeni we "cholesterol" embi. Iqoqo elicebile lezinto ezilandelanayo namavithamini kwenza kube umkhiqizo oyigugu etafuleni lethu.
Inqubo yokutshala i-broccoli ebamba lokushisa ayikho nzima kunokuba iklabishi ejwayelekile ikhule. Ingahlwanyelwa ngembewu ebamba lokushisa ngo-Mashi (kuyinto enqabile kakhulu ye-frost). Imbewu ihluma ngokushesha., futhi ezinsukwini ezingu-10-12 izithombo kakade zinamakhasi ama-3-4.
Ibanga lokushisa - 18 ° C phakathi nosuku no-12 ° C - ebusuku. Umhlabathi ulungiswe ekwindla - uguzwa futhi uhlolwe nge-superphosphate, udaba oluphilayo, i-ammonium nitrate ne-potassium usawoti, uma kunesidingo.
Ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo kukhulula, ukuphuza nokuphuza okujulile (hhayi ngaphansi kuka-40 cm). Ngaphambi kokuba izimbali ziqhakaze kubalulekile ukusika izinhloko eziphakathiezikhule ngo-10-12 cm ububanzi, kanti zithatha u-10 cm we-stem.
Izinhloko kanye nesitshalo ziyadliwa ngempela, kodwa uma zikhula, ziyoba zikhululekile futhi zingenakwenzeka. Ukudubula kuzokuvumela izingane ukuba zikhule - ezincane ezingena ku-6 cm.
Amabala
Kuyinto obaluleke kunazo zonke ukunakekelwa iklabishi. Kodwa kulula ukuyikhulisa ebamba lokushisa kuneqenjini elivulekile, ngoba ungakha ukushisa okuphezulu nokubusa komswakama. Ukushisa kwenhlabathi nomoya akufanele kudlule 16-18 ° C, futhi umswakama kufanele ube phezulu. Uma lezi zimo zingahlangatshezwanga, ikhanda lakhe lizolahlekelwa amandla futhi liqale ukuqubuka. I-greenhouse kumele ibe njalo umoya.
Kukhona izici kanye nokugqoka okuphezulu ukholifulawa. Ukholifulawa ku-abamba ukushisa akubekezeli umanyolo we-nitrogen ne-potash. Ukubunjwa okuhle kuyoba ukukhipha kwamanzi nge-addition of superphosphate, potassium sulfate kanye ne-urea. Ukuze okwesibili ukondle kulokhu okwakhiwe ngempela i-ammonium molybdate ingeziwe ne-boric acid.
Omunye uzokucabanga ukuthi inkinga enkulu nemizamo kumele kusetshenziswe ukuze kukhule isivuno esihle ku-greenhouse. Kodwa vumelani lokho izindleko ezikhulayo iklabishi yokuqala ku-greenhouse kuwufanelekangangokuthi ezinyangeni zokuqala zasehlobo kwakukhona iklabishi entsha egcwele amavithamini, iklabishi elihlwabusayo epulatifheni yakho. Uphumelela konke futhi ujabule!
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