Mhlawumbe, abathandi abambalwa bezithelo zalesi sihle esihle esaseningizimu bayazi ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbalwa zama cherry amnandi emvelweni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, njalo ngonyaka lo mbhalo ukwanda.
Ngakho-ke, unayo yonke ithuba lokukhetha ngokuqondile uhlobo lwe-cherry elimnandi elizokhula kahle esifundeni sakho, ucabange zonke izimo zalo zezulu nezomhlabathi.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Leningrad ezimnyama zama cherry zizibonakalise kahle kakhulu, futhi sizoxoxa ngakho kulesi sihloko.
Incazelo ye-Leningrad Black Cherry
Izithelo
Izithelo ze-Leningrad ezimnyama zikhulu kakhulu, zi-maroon ezimnyama, cishe ziluhlaza, zilinganiselwa ku-5 amagremu. Ukuma kwenhliziyo. Ukunambitheka kwamajikijolo kumnandi, ngokufutheka kancane okubonakalayo. Ngokwezilinganiso ezinambithayo, kufaneleka amaphutha angu-4.2.
Ukuvuna ivuthiwe maphakathi no-Julayi, engalingani, ngakho-ke ingaba i-cherry kuze kube maphakathi no-Septhemba, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukunambitheka nokubukeka kwayo. I-pulp yamajikijolo inamafutha, enomsoco kakhulu, obomvu obomvu nethenda.
Izithelo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zingaziqhayisa ukusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene - zenza ama-juice amahle kakhulu, ama-jams kanye nama-compotes, kanye nokuthi angasetshenziselwa ukupheka isikhathi eside nokupheka iwayini.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngezinhlobo ezinomsoco kunazo zonke ze-cherry enhle.
Izihlahla
Izihlahla ze-Leningrad Black ezihlukahlukene ziyi-sweet cherries ephakathi, ukuphakama kwawo okuphezulu akufinyeleli ngisho namamitha amane. Yenza isikhumba esincane, esincane, esicwebezelayo samaswidi. Ngokunakekelwa kahle kakhulu nezimo ezinhle zokulimala - isivuno sokuqala singabuthwa kakade ngonyaka wesithathu emva kokutshala.
Ngezinye izikhathi baqala ukuthela izithelo kuphela ngonyaka wesihlanu wokukhula. Izitshalo zihluka ngokuningi futhi isikhathi eside sokugcina esihlahleni.
Eminyakeni yokuqala emva kokutshala, ama-cherries azokumangaza ngokukhula kwawo okusheshayo. Kodwa lokhu akusihle ngaso sonke isikhathi, njengoba kubalulekile ukuthi ube nesikhathi sokwenza kahle umqhele walo. Ukudubula amahlumela amancane kufanele ayenze minyaka yonke entwasahlobo, njalo ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga avule.
Lo mcimbi uzokwehlisa ukukhula okukhudlwana kancane futhi ikuvumela ukuba wakhe umumo womuthi njengoba uhlele. Uhlelo lokunciphisa Ama-cherry amnandi ahle kakhulu. Ihlumela izithombo zaminyaka yonke ezihlotshisiwe ku-1/5 ingxenye yamahlumela. Kuphoqelekile ukususa amahlumela akhula esiqondeni se-trunk noma ema-angles angakwesokudla. Ama-twigs, okwenza ukuqina okweqile komqhele.
Lapho sifinyelela eminyakeni emihlanu ye-cherry elimnandi, isidingo sokudubula okunjalo asisadingeki, ngoba lesi sihlahla asikwazi ukuhlukaniswa komqhele ngokweqile. Ukusika iziqu zemvelo kwamagatsha amadala kanye nezifo kuphela.
Ngoba bark ama-cherries athambile futhi aphikisayo, izinga lokuthambekela kwamahlumela kufanele ligcinwe ngaphakathi kwama-degree angama-45-50 ngokuhlanganisa uma kudingeka. Lokhu kuzonciphisa ingozi yokuqhekeka kwamagatsha, okuvame ukuholela ekulimaleni kwesigaba esikhulu se-trunk, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ngezifo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukufa komuthi ngenxa yokungena kwegciwane.
Ekuseni, akufanele uhlakulele amahlumela, ngoba lo mcimbi uzoba nomthelela ekukhuleni kwawo okujulile futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kuzonciphisa ubunzima bomuthi.
Amandla nobuthakathaka
Imiklomelo Lokhu kuhlukahluka kusethelwe. Kuyinto enhle kakhulu ngezinhloso zokuhweba, njengoba izihlahla zisanda kukhula futhi ngokushesha zinikeze isivuno esikhulu. Kufaneleka ukunaka izithelo ezingavumelani zezithelo - ezindivini ezinkulu, uma kungenakwenzeka ukuthi ngokushesha uthengise yonke imikhiqizo - lokhu kuyinzuzo engenakuphikwa komnikazi.
Ukuze ingadi encane, lokhu kungaba yingozi enkulu.
Lezi cherries zinokukhula okuphansi, okulula kakhulu ukuqoqwa kwamajikijolo, okungafani nokubandayo futhi kungesabi isomiso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Leningrad Black inezinga eliphakeme lokumelana nezinambuzane nezifo ezihlukahlukene, ngokungangabazeki okusiza ukunakekelwa kwalo.
Zonke izinzuzo ezingenhla zikhulisa kakhulu izikhala lapho lezi zinhlobonhlobo zingatshala khona, kusukela esimweni sezulu esifudumele eCrimea kuya ezindaweni zaseLeningrad naseMoscow.
Ukutshala izihlahla ze-cherry
Lapho ufika kufanelekile ukunaka kuya ekujuleni kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, ngoba i-cherry ngumuthi ongabeki ukubekezelela amanzi ahlale enhlabathini, ngisho nesikhathi esifushane. I-thermophilous ngokwanele, ayikwazi ukuthuthukisa kahle ezindaweni eziphansi, lapho, mhlawumbe, ukuqoqa umoya obandayo entwasahlobo.
Uhlelo lwempande luyathuthuka kakhulu, ngakho-ke i-turtle ingakwazi ukukhipha umswakama ezindaweni ezijulile zenhlabathi.
Izihlahla ezihlukahlukene ezihlukahlukene ze-Leningradskaya zikhula kahle emhlabathini ovundile, ovundile, ophakathi nendawo enendawo yokungathathi hlangothi nokuphefumulela kakhulu. Ihluleka kakhulu ukulungiswa emhlabathini onzima, oqoshiwe obuningi bokubumba nobunhlabathi obujulile.
Isihlahla sithandana ngokwanele, ngakho-ke uma ukhetha indawo yokutshala kuyadingeka ukuba uqaphele ukuthi akukho zakhiwo ezivimba ukukhanya okukuyo.
Isikhathi semifino mhlawumbe ngaphezu kwezinyanga ezingu-8, yingakho kunconywa ukutshala ama-cherries ekuqaleni konyaka ka-spring, ngaleyo ndlela unikeze isikhathi sakhe sokuqothulwa nokuguqula isimo ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibanda. Kubalulekile ukulungiselela indawo yomuthi wakho ekwindla.
Ukwenza lokhu, ukumba imbobo eyi-60cm ejulile no-80cm ububanzi, ukhulule phansi emgodini uphinde uthele ku-2 amabhakede ama-humus kuwo, okumele kuhlanganiswe nomhlabathi omncane. Kulo mhlaba, shiya umgodi ubusika. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, engeza ingxube elandelayo: 0.5 kg we-superphosphates + engaba ngu-100 g we-sodium sulfate, lokhu kungashintshwa ngamapulangwe. Ukuhlanganiswa okugqoke ukuxuba ne-humus ngaphansi komgodi wokutshala. Umgodi ngokwawo ulungele.
I-sweet cherry ithandekile emoyeni owomile noma omanzi. Ngenkathi yokushisa kakhulu yasentwasahlobo yesikhukhula isinciphise kakhulu, okuyinto ephazamisa kabi izinga lokuvunwa. Ngomoya omanzi, ukubukeka kokubola nokubunjwa kwizithelo, kanye nokuqhekeka kwabo, kungenzeka.
Manje udinga ukunaka izimpande zenzalo. Uma kwenzeka bome kancane, kubalulekile ukuwasika kancane bese uwashiya emanzini amahora angaba ngu-10 ukuvuselela. Uma isithombo sifakwa emgodini, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi intamo yomuthi iphuma phezulu ngenhla yomhlabathi engaphansi kwama-5 cm.
Uma kungenjalo, nge-shrinkage eqhubekayo, kungenzeka ibe ngaphansi komhlaba, okungeke kwenzeke kuholele ekufeni kwesihlahla.
Umuthi utshalwe, senza umgodi nxazonke futhi ukuphuza 1 ngebhakede lamanzi ukuze uthule umhlabathi kahle, ngemuva kokwenza umquba we-peat noma i-humus ezungeze isithombo. Ibanga eliphakathi kwe-cherry elimnandi kufanele libe okungenani ama-3m, ngoba lezi zihlahla zinomqhele onamandla kakhulu.
Le-cherry ingokwezinhlobo zokuzimela, ngakho-ke uma unquma ukwakha insimu yezithelo ze-cherry, udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlobo zokuvota ezifana neDawn, Red Dense, Bryanochka, iTyutchevka neLeningradskaya yellow noma pink zikhona kusayithi. Izihlahla ze-cherry nazo zingaba yi-pollinator enhle, uma nje isikhathi sabo sezimbali sihambisana nesikhathi sokuvuna se-cherry.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-sweet cherry
Ukunisela
Ubuhle nokuvuna kwensimu yakho akuxhomeke kuphela ekubunjweni kwenhlabathi nezimo zezulu zendawo yokutshala. Indima ebalulekile idlalwe ukuthi uzimisele kangakanani ukunikela isikhathi nolwazi lokunakekela izihlahla zakho.
Njengoba i-cherry enhle imithi ethandana nomswakama, okwenza isivuno esicebile, ukuchelela okufike ngesikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu kuso. Abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukubamba ukuchelela kokuqala emva ebusika kuba kwentwasahlobo, kuze kube yimifino. Uma i-cherry isivele ibe ubuhle obuhle beqhwa-akunconywa ukuba kuphuze umuthi, kungenjalo kungenzeka ukuthi usethe kabusha i-ovary.
Ehlobo ama-cherries athela njengenhlabathi eyomile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha isampula yenhlabathi kusuka okungenani okungama-40 cm bese ucindezela entendeni yesandla sakho. Uma ucezwana lomhlaba luqhakazile, kusho ukuthi i-cherry yakho idinga ukuchelela okwengeziwe. Ngomswakama omuhle womhlabathi, isikhumba asiyikudiliza noma sinamathele ezandleni, siyobe sinwebeka futhi sigcine umumo wayo kahle.
Ukushisa kwamanzi for ukuchelela mhlawumbe ngaphakathi degrees 25. Ukuze unciphise ukugeleza komthamo futhi alungiselele isihlahla ebusika, ukuchelela kokugcina kwenziwa ngesikhathi sokugaya ekwindla kwesondlo esiseduzane nomanyolo womhlabathi. Lokhu kunisela kubaluleke kakhulu emthini, umthamo wamanzi unconywa cishe ngamalitha ayi-100 ngomuthi omdala. Emva kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuxuba umjikelezo okolostvolny kahle ukunciphisa ukulahleka komswakama.
Umanyolo
Ama-cherries awawuthandi kakhulu umanyolo, ngoba ukukhula okujulile kwamahlumela kuqala, okungenayo isikhathi sokuvuthwa ebusika bese ufa kusukela ku-frost yokuqala. Okuhle kunakho konke ukusebenzisa ama-organic fertilizer nge-mineral ngamanani athile, lokhu kuzovumela ukugcwalisa inhlabathi nazo zonke izinto ezingenayo okuzuzayo futhi ngeke zilimaze isitshalo.
NgoSeptemba, ukugqoka i-phosphorus engama-40-60 g we-superphosphate ku-granules kumitha engamakhilomitha ayi-1,6 kuyabonakala. Ukubukeka kwesikwele somqhele womqhele. Lokhu kuzosiza umuthi ukuba usinde kalula efrijini futhi ukwandise okuqukethwe kokushukela emajikijolo ngo-25%.
Kanye eminyakeni emi-3, umhlaba ojikelezayo we-cherries ugoba nge-8kg engokwemvelo (umquba ovuthiwe noma umquba wezinkukhu ovutshiwe). Ukusetshenziswa kwama-fertilizer ahlanzekile akuvunyelwe. Bayoqeda isikhathi eside futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ngeke bafeze injongo yabo ngesikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udaba olusha olungahle lungabangela ukushiswa kohlelo lwempande, oluzobhubhisa umuthi.
Ukuze umuthi ulungiselele ubusika, umquba onomthamo we-nitrogen usetshenziswe kungakapheli ukuphela kwentwasahlobo. Kungcono ukuwasebenzisa ngendlela eluhlaza - kungaba ammonium nitrate noma i-ammonium sulphate.
I-sweet cherry kakhulu umquba ohlaza. Ngokuvamile zihlanganisa lwesinaphi, ipea, i-lupine, i-phacelia ne-sainfoin, ezitshalwe ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Ekubeni, lezi zitshalo zihlwanyelwa futhi ingxube ehlanganisiwe ifakwa embuthaneni wesihlahla somuthi. Kunconywa ukuqedela yonke imisebenzi ekudleni ama cherry ngaphambi kokuphela kwentwasahlobo, nokumba ngemifula yesondlo esiseduzane - kungakapheli kukaSeptemba, ukunciphisa ukugeleza kokushisa kwempuphu futhi unike isikhathi somuthi ukulungiselela ubusika obusika.
Ukunakekelwa kwehlobo nobusika
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-cherry iyinhle eningizimu, ibekezelela iqhwa kahle ebusika, kodwa, noma kunjalo, spring frosts ngezinga lokushisa - 2, ukuvela kuphela efihlekile akukwazi ukumelana. Uhlelo lwempande ye-frosts yokuqala kaNovemba lubuye lukhuni kakhulu, njengoba kusengabikho izinqamu zeqhwa ezingasifudumele.
Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bafinyeze amahlumela e-cherry ngesikhatsi sokunqunywa komuthi wonyaka ukuze kwandiswe ukubekezela kweqhwa. Ngenxa yalokho, amapuleti amaqabunga ayaba amakhulu futhi amapulastiki aseplastiki aqoqa kangcono kuwo, okwandisa kakhulu ukumelana nesithwathwa semifino efihlekile. Uma iqhwa lithatha i-ovary noma izimbali, cishe, kungenzeka ukufa kwesitshalo, ngoba abakwazi ukumelana nokudonsa okushisa kuze kube yi--1.
Amaqhwa angaphansi kwebusika amnandi futhi asabekayo ukushisa kwelangaokwenzeka ngenxa yokushisa okukhulu kwehla ngemva kokushona kwelanga. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuchohloka kuvela emthini wakho kanye namafomu okufakwe emagqabeni, okufaka isandla ekomweni kwamagatsha futhi, ngokuningi, ukufa kwesihlahla.
Ukuvimbela ukushisa kwelanga kuyadingeka mhlophe i-trunk namagatsha izinkuni ziketshezi. Ukuze izithombo ezincane kakhulu ezitsheni zomhlophe zikhishwe ngehoksi, ukuze zingalimazi igxolo elincane. Lo mhlophe usebenza njengesibuko futhi ubonisa imisebe yelanga. Kubalulekile ukuba unakekele ukuvumelana kwekhambi.
I-viscosity yayo kufanele ifane nobukhulu bekhilimu omuncu ukumboza umuthi kahle futhi ngokulinganayo. Ezinye izinhlobo zezixazululo zenza umsebenzi wokuvikela kuphela isihlahla, kodwa futhi nokudla kwayo, njengokuthi, ingxube ye-lime ne-mullein noma ingxube yobumba ngomlotha ne-mullein. Zonke izingxenye zomhlophe zixubaniswe ngokugcwele nokwengezwa kwamanzi futhi zisetshenziswe ngesibhamu emagatsheni nasemagatsheni omzimba womuthi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ama-cherries ahlanganisa ukugxila "izingubo zokuboya" ezingeke zivikele kuphela umuthi ekushiseni naseqhwa, kodwa futhi zivimbele umonakalo emagqabeni ngamagundane amancane nezinkulu. Njengezinto zokwakha "ingubo" ungasebenzisa iphepha lokuphahla, iphepha, izigqoko ezindala kanye nephayini, kanye namagatsha ase-spruce, ahlanganiswe nesiqu somuthi. Akunakwenzeka neze ukusebenzisa utshani njengoba kudonsela amagundane, abakhetha ukuhlala kuwo.
Izinambuzane nezifo
Lapha siza enkingeni enkulu yokunakekelwa kwama cherry. Lezi izinambuzane nezifo zomuthi. Isiqalekiso esikhulu kakhulu ngoba lobu buhle yizinyoni, akusikho lutho okhokho bethu abaqamba ngokuthi lesi sihlahla "i-cherry bird". Izinyoni ziyakwazi ukubhubhisa iningi lesitshalo zingakapheli ihora elilodwa, ikakhulukazi uma umuthi ude kakhulu futhi akunakwenzeka ukususa izithelo ezingenhla ngokushesha.
Sekuyiminyaka engamakhulu ambalwa, abalimi beze izindlela zokuzivikela emanzini aphikisayo - lezi zilwane ezigxiliwe, izici ezihlukahlukene ezibonakalayo ezibukekayo, nezimbongolo ezakha umsindo oqhubekayo. Kodwa konke lokhu okungazange kuhlinzeke ngomphumela ohlala njalo.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukusetshenziswa kwamanetha okuvikela umqhele wesihlahla kuye kwafakazela. Ziyinto elula futhi elula ukuyisebenzisa, ngaphezu kwalokho, inikeza ukuvikelwa kwangempela cishe sonke isitshalo. I-Sweet cherry Black Leningrad imelana kakhulu nezilokazane nezifo. Kodwa uma kwenzeka ubona okuthile esiqwini, ngiyakwazi ukuwuqeda kalula ngokuphatha umuthi ngezinambuzane nezinambuzane zabantu.
Ukumanzi okukhulu ngokwemvula noma ukukhululeka kwemvula yomoya kunomthelela ekuthuthukiseni izifo ze-fungal. Lokhu kubandakanya i-moniliosis ne-coccomycosis. Eyokuqala ibonakala nge-abscission yokuqala yamahlamvu, ukomisa kwezimbali namahlumela, ukuchofoza nokuma amajikijolo.
Owesibini - ukhula kakhulu emaqabunga, okuthi, uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka, ahlanganiswe nezindawo ezibomvu ezincane, okwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukwanda futhi uhlangane nomunye nomunye. Ukuphulukisa lesi sihlahla kusuka ezifweni ze-fungal kuzosiza ukuchelela nge-fungicides futhi, ngokuqinisekile, nokususwa nokuqedwa okuphelele kwamagatsha okugula, amahlamvu kanye nezithelo.
I-sweet cherry i-Leningrad black iyisinqumo esihle kakhulu engadini yakho. Kodwa-ke, umuntu akufanele akhohlwe ukuthi amajikijolo amakhulu nemithi enempilo akuzona nje izici eziyinhloko ezicatshangelwayo, kodwa nezithelo zomsebenzi okhuthele nokucophelela womgadi wensimu onothando.
