Ungakwazi ukukhuluma ngokungapheli mayelana nezinzuzo zama-plums: kungathuthukisa ukucinwa kwesisu, kuthinta ukucindezeleka kwegazi, kungasetshenziswa njenge-laxative, futhi kufane nemifula - ukususa i-cholesterol.
Ngokungapheli ungakhuluma ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanzi. Nokho, namuhla sizozama ukugxila kuphela ezinhlotsheni ezidumile kakhulu.
I-plum - umhlobiso wegadi yakho netafula
Abaningi bethu bathanda ama-plums hhayi kuphela ngezindawo zabo zokwelapha nezinye ezisebenzayo. Kwabaningi, kuyisithelo esihlwabusayo kakhulu, esingeke ngaso sonke isikhathi sikwazi ukujabulela ngokwanele.
Ezimakethe ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, ama-plums ngokuvamile alawulwa yimali ebalulekile. Ngakho-ke, indlela engcono kakhulu ukukhula iplamu ekhaya.
Nokho, namuhla ososayensi baye bahlakulela izinhlobo eziningi ezihlukahlukene, okukuphi kunzima ukukhetha into efanelekayo. Sizozama ukukuhlobisa kokubili ezinhlobonhlobo ezithandwayo kakhulu ze-plums, futhi kulezi zithelo ezinomsoco kakhulu futhi ezihlwabusayo, ongakhula kalula ezweni.
Iziqu ezinhlobonhlobo "Umkhumbulo WaseMpumalanga"
Lezi zihlukahlukene ziwumphumela wokukhethwa kwalabo abaziwa kakhulu e-East Asia izinhlobo zezinhlanzi njenge "Veniaminova Zarya" ne "Giant".
Izithelo zalezi zihlukahlukene zinkulu kakhulu, mass wabo ingafinyelela ama-40 amagremu. Ukuma kwe-plums kuyindilinga, yiba nomgodi ohlangothini. Uma ngingena esikhathini sokuvuthwa kwezobuchwepheshe ngithola umbala okhanyayo we-orange.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula komthengi, izithelo zezinhlobonhlobo "Souvenir of the East" zinombala omnyama we-maroon, okwenza ukuba zikhangele ngokukhethekile.
Umbala wenyama ye-plums evuthiwe iphuzi-orange. Ukwakhiwa kwe-pulp kuyinto enesisindo, esincane kakhulu, enomqondo ophakeme wejusi. Inyama iyiphunga elimnandi, linambitheka elimnandi futhi linomusa ngokuthinta kancane kwe-asidi. Ukudla I-Plums "Inkumbulo YaseMpumalanga" eduze kwama-peaches.
Ukuvuthwa kwabathengi kwama-plums kule klasi kuza phakathi no-Agasti. Ukuhlukahluka kubhekisela enkabeni, kodwa njengoba ulindele izithelo zabo ezinkulu futhi ezimnandi kakhulu, uzoqonda ukuthi wenze isinqumo esifanele kulezi ezihlukahlukene.
Umuthi omdala ufinyelela ukuphakama okuphakathi kwamamitha angu-2-2.5. I-Crohn ihamba ngendlela ebonakalayo, uphawu oluphawulekayo lwezinhlobonhlobo umbala omnyama obomvu wamagxolo, onezintambo ezincane ezibomvu. Futhi, i-gark ingakwazi ukuvuleka okuningi.
Isihlahla sikwazi ukukhiqiza isivuno esikhulu kakhulu ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngisho naphezu kobukhulu bayo. Kusuka esihlahleni esisodwaokuyinto iveza izithelo qoqa cishe 26-45 kilogram yezithelo ezivuthiwe. Izithelo zakhiwa ngokuyinhloko ngamaqoqo, kodwa ngamahlumela ehlobo zikhula ngamunye.
Izimfanelo ezinhle zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zihlanganisa ukukhiqiza kanye nezithelo ezinhle zezithelo ezinkulu. Bright futhi omuhle ama-plums afanele ukudayiswa, efanelekile kuphela ukusetshenziswa okuluhlaza.
Entwasahlobo, umuthi ungavuka masinyane, ngenxa yalokho amagxolo omuthi ayanyamalala futhi ngenxa yalokho Kunconywa njenge-shtambov kulolu banga sebenzisa izihlahla eziqinile. Amaqabunga omuthi "Souvenir of the East" avame ukuthinteka flatulence.
Ezihlukahlukene ezihlukahlukene "uSvetlana Primorskaya"
Umama walezi zinhlobonhlobo yi-Ussuriisk ipum, ezivela izithombo zazo ezihlukahlukene ezihlukahlukene. Izinhlobonhlobo zenzelwe ingxenye enkulu esifundeni saseMpumalanga Ekude eRussia.
Izithelo lokhu okuhlukahlukene hhayi ubukhulu bomuntu oyedwa: kukhona amapulazi womabili we-elongated-cylindrical futhi engavamile flat-circular. Izithelo ziphakathi (cishe amagremu angu-27), kodwa kunezikhulu kakhulu - kufika ku-35 amagremu. Ihluke embala wombala ophuzi futhi isikhumba esinomsoco.
Inyama iminyene futhi ihlehlisiwe. Umbala walo uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukunambitha izithelo ezivuthiwe kumnandi futhi kumuncu, ukunambitheka okumnandi. I-Tasters inambitha iplamu "uSvetlana Primorskaya" ilinganiswe kahle kakhulu.
Lokhu ibanga futhi Isizini sonyaka - I-plums yokuvuthwa kwenzeka engxenyeni yesibili kaSeptemba noma ngisho nangeviki lokuqala likaSeptemba.
Ibanga lihluka ngobukhulu bomuthi. Umqhele wakhe usakazeka, ngokuma - pyramidal. I-trunk namagatsha omuthi ubhekwa umbala ompunga obala. Fruiting umuthi iqala ekuqaleni kakhulu - 3-4 ubudala.
Unomkhiqizo ophakeme kakhulu - kwesinye isihlahla esiphakathi okungaphezu kwamakhilogremu angu-40 wezithelo ezivuthiwe.
Ezihlukahlukene ziyathandwa njengendlela ekhangayo yezithelo eziphuzi ezigcwele, nokufaneleka kwazo kokuhamba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa okusha, izithelo ezihlukahlukene "iSvetlana Primorskaya" zihle kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwezobuchwepheshe.
Izinhlobonhlobo zinokuphikisana okukhulu nezifo ezihlukahlukene ze-fungal zomuthi, kanye ne-cholesterol ne-rubella. Ukuphikisana namazinga okushisa aphansi kanye nokushisa okunzima Leli banga liphezulu.
Izihlahla zingahlushwa yi-moniliosis, efuna ukunakekelwa okukhethekile nokupunizwa kwesihlahla. Ukungafani kwezithelo.
I-Plum ehlukahlukene "Skoroplodnaya": incazelo
I-Plum yahlonywa ososayensi ngenxa yokuzalisa ipulazi "Ussuri Red" ngezinhlobo ezinjalo zaseMelika njenge "Isiqhwaga."
Izithelo lezi zinhlobo zincane, inani cishe amagremu angu-20 ngesisindo. Zizungezwe ngesimo. Umbala wombala wabo oyinhloko uphuzi. Noma kunjalo, ngaphezulu kwabo banombala obomvu, obanzi kakhulu ohlangothini olusenyangeni lwezithelo ezivuthiwe.
I-plum pulp "i-Skoroplodnaya" inombala ophuzi. Ngokusho kwesakhiwo, kuhle kakhulu-okuyi-fibrous, medium medium. I-pulp iqukethe ijusi eliningi, nakuba i-plums akuyona isibonakaliso esiphezulu. Amagremu ayi-100 we-pulp yalezi zinhlobonhlobo aqukethe cishe u-10.5 mg we-ascorbic acid.
Phuma Izithelo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zikhona esikhathini kusukela ngo-Agasti 7 ukuya ku-14.
I-plum ehlukahlukene i-Skoroplodnaya inesihlahla sokukhula okuphakathi. Ukuma komqhele womthi womuthi. Ikhanda libhekene nobukhulu obuphakathi kanye namahlamvu. Isihlahla siqala ukuthela izithelo kakade eminyakeni emithathu emva kokutshala lesi sihlahla. Futhi ukuthwala izithelo umuthi kungaba iminyaka engama-21.
Umuthi wokuvunwa kwesilinganiso uyancipha ngeminyaka yobudala (cishe ama-kilogram ayizigidi eziyi-16 zezithelo zingavuna kusuka esihlahleni esineminyaka engu-16 ubudala). Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sihlahla singase sibe neminyaka eminyene.
Izinhlobonhlobo zidumile ngokungena kwayo okusheshayo ku-fruiting. Izithelo ebangeni izinga eliphezulu kakhulu, ingahanjiswa ngamabanga aphakathi. Inhloso eyinhloko ye-skoroplodnaya iplamu yi-dessert.
Imifino yemifino yomuthi yinkimbinkimbi yamaqhwa. Futhi, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zinokumelana kahle ne-cholesterol nezithelo zokubola. Isihlahla sinokumelana nesomiso.
Ngeshwa, kodwa lokhu ezihlukahlukene zizenzele futhi idinga impova ezinye izinhlobo. Emithini "Ukusika izihlahla", ukushisa kungenzeka, okungathinta umkhiqizo we-fruiting. I-stone yesithelo ayifuni ngemuva kwe-pulp, okuyinto ehambelana nokucubungulwa kwe-plums.
Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukufunda mayelana nezinhlobo ze-plums ze-koloni.
I-Plum ehlukahlukene "Ode"
Ukuzala okuvuthiwe okuvuthiwe, okwakhulunywa ososayensi base-Ukraine. Ukuze athole, i-Voloshka plum ehlukahlukene yayiyimpova enezinhlobo ezinjalo, i-Kirke, i-Abat, i-Arton, i-Ekaterina ne-Hungarian Azhanskaya.
Izinhlobonhlobo zinezithelo ezinkulu kakhulu, okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa okukhishwayo kuze kube ngu-45 amagremu esisindo. Ngomumo, ziyi-oval, eyodwa-dimensional. Umbala we-plums unombala obomvu, kodwa kukhona nezindawo ezikhanyayo zombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Isikhumba sesithelo sinzima kakhulu.
Inyama iluphuzi embala. I-pulp iqukethe ijusi elikhulu, liyakuthandeka kakhulu, nakuba likhulu kakhulu, elimnandi futhi elimuncu, ne-aftertaste ekhethiwe ngokubabayo. Amapulethi wekhwalithi enambitheka "Ode" ahlolwe ama-tasters kumaphuzu angu-4.5 avela ku-5. Itshe lezithelo lincane futhi lihlukaniswe kalula kusuka ku-pulp.
Ukuvuthwa ukukhishwa kwalolu hlobo uzayo cishe phakathi no-Agasti. Izithelo zivuthiwe ngesikhathi esifanayo, ezingabangela ubunzima ngokuziphula, ngoba izithelo zigcinwa amaviki angu-1.5 kuphela.
I-Plum "Ode" inesihlahla esinqunyiwe. Umqhele wesihlahla unomumo ohambile wezinga eliphakathi lokuqina. Kumele uqaphele ukuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo azikho emhlabathini kakhulu wokutshala, okwandisa insimu yokuklanywa kwayo. Izingxenye ezinjalo zomuthi njengezinhlamvu zezimbali namahlumela zithela. Phakathi nesikhathi sokuhluma isihlahla singena ngonyaka ka 3-4 emva kokutshala.
Lokhu okuhlukahlukene kunomkhiqizo ophezulu kakhulu. Ama-kilogram ayi-10 wezithelo ezivuthiwe angavunwa emthini oneminyaka engu-10 ubudala.
Ngaphandle kokuthi ipulazi le-Oda liwumuthi okhula ngokushesha, usalokhu uletha isivuno esikhulu futhi esizinzile sezithelo ezinkulu futhi ezihlwabusayo. Ukushisa kwamaqhwa ebusika ebangeni phezulu. Akazesabi nezifo ze-fungal. Ukukhula kufike ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Ikhwalithi yesithelo iphezulu kakhulu futhi ihilela ukusetshenziswa kwayo kokubili okuluhlaza okwedlulele futhi ukusetshenziselwa ukungena emigqumeni, ama-compotes kanye nemifula.
Kancane kakhulu isikhathi sokugcina ukukhipha lokho kuphela okuqhubekayo ngangokunokwenzeka Izinsuku ezingu-12, kwenza kube nzima ukuwathengisa. Futhi ezihlukahlukene yi-samobesplod. Ukuze impova yayo, impova ezivela ezinhlobonhlobo ze-plums njengobuhle be-Volga noma i-Climan kuvame ukusetshenziswa.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Plum
Ukunakekela iplamu, nakuba kungakabi isikhathi esiningi, kodwa nokho umlimi oyisitjalo ozolihlwanyela esakhiweni sakhe kufanele aqaphele ezinye izinto ezibalulekile. Isibonelo Umsele ungakhula kalula noma kuphi kanye nanoma yimuphi umhlabathi, ngenkathi ikhula kakhulu.
Kodwa-ke, izithelo zingahle zakhiwe, ngoba yonke impova ingadla umoya.
Ngakho-ke, lezo zindawo ezivikelwe emimoya zilungele ukuqhuma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo ukukhetha icacisiwe kakhulu. Kodwa namanje, siphendukela ezicini zokunakekelwa.
Okokuqala, ukusika izihlahla
Ngokungafani nezihlahla zegadi, njenge-apula ne-pear, akudingekile ukwakha umqhele weplamu. Ukutshala izihlahla kwenziwa kuphela ngonyaka wokuqala wokukhula komuthi omncane, lapho wonke amagatsha abuthakathaka nabugwegwekile anqunywa, futhi kuphela amagatsha amakhulu amakhulu futhi amakhulu kunawo wonke asele ekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo.
Eminyakeni eyalandela, ukusika izihlahla kuthunyelwa nje kuphela ukususa amagatsha omqhele okhulayo ngaphakathi nalawo akhiwa ngokuhambisana nesiqu somuthi. Kuyaqondakala lokho ukuhlunga njalo entwasahlobo lawo magatsha ahlushwa ama-frosts ebusika, awonakele noma amisiwe.
Enye iphuzu eliphawulekayo ukuthi umgadi wensimu kudingeka awazi ukuthi ukusika kumele kwenziwe entwasahlobo emva kokuqala kwamahlamvu emagatsheni omuthi.
Okwesibili, umanyolo
Omunye umehluko wendiza kusuka kuzo zonke ezinye izihlahla zezithelo yilokho ayidingi umanyolo obuningi. Kufanelekile ukubamba izenzakalo zomanyolo kokubili entwasahlobo nasekwindla, kodwa kunconywa ukuba kwenziwe njalo ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ngakho, kanye njalo eminyakeni emithathu ngaphambi kokuqala kwamaqhwa ebusika, ama-fertilizer eziphilayo afana ne-humus aziswe emhlabathini ngaphansi kweplamu. Emthini owodwa kufanele ulandele cishe isigamu ibhakede. Kanti futhi, ekwindla kubalulekile ukwengeza umquba ezifana ne-superphosphate ne-potassium sulfate emhlabathini. Kumamitha angu-1 kufanele kube ngamagremu angu-50 we-first and 20 grams wesibili.
Gcwalisa iplamu entwasahlobo badinga ngosizo lwe-ammonium nitrate. Amagremu angama-20 alo manyolo asetshenziselwa umhlabathi ngamunye we-1 m2 ejikeleze isihlahla somuthi.
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi akufanele ukwedlule inani lemanyolo, ngoba ungabangela umphumela ohluke ngokuphelele kulowo owazama ukukufeza.
Manje mayelana nokuchelela
I-Plum ingenye yezihlahla ezinomsoco kakhulu ezitshala emasimini ethu. Kulesi simo, ukuphuza umuthi kufanele kwenziwe njalo, ngaphandle kwalokho ungabangela ukuqhekeka kwezithelo. Ngokuyinhloko, kungcono ukukhetha isimiso esilandelayo sokunisela:
- Izinsuku ezingu-10-15 ngaphambi kokuchichima kwesihlahla, uma kungekho mvula esindayo ngalesi sikhathi; kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphuza izihlahla ezikhula emhlabathini onesihlabathi;
- Izinsuku ezingu-10-15 emva komuthi usushisiwe; kodwa kubalulekile futhi ukucabangela izinga lemvula kanye nomswakama womhlabathi;
- engxenyeni yesibili kaJune, kubalulekile ukuphuza umuthi ukuze kuthinteke kahle ukwakheka nokukhula kwezithelo, kanye nokukhula kwamahlumela amancane; ngesikhathi somiso, ukuchelela kufanele kwenziwe njalo ngenyanga yonke;
- engxenyeni yesibili kaJulayi kubalulekile futhi ukuphuza iplamu, kodwa kuniselwa kuphela ezindaweni ezimile;
- U-Agasti nokuphuza ngo-September kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngoba lezi zinsuku zesikhathi zimile kakhulu; ukuchelela kungathinta izinga lezithelo;
- uma ekwindla isimo sezulu sihle futhi sishisa isikhathi eside, khona-ke ngisho nangemva kokuba amaqabunga awela iplamu, kubalulekile ukuphuza lesihlahla futhi.
Futhi futhi mayelana nokunakekelwa kwasebusika
Ngisho nezinhlanzi ezinzima kakhulu zasebusika zingabhekana kakhulu namaqhwa ebusika, ikakhulukazi esemncane. Ngakho-ke, badinga Fihla ngaphansi koqweqwe lweqhwa cishe uhhafu wamitha, ukugoba isinamathela phansi.
Isihlahla seminyaka emibili noma emithathu ubudala kufanelekile ukulungiselela frost ngenye indlela. Kunconywa ukuba ubophe wonke amagatsha awo emgqeni owodwa, ohlangene nezibonda ezifakwe kuwo. Umbuthano oseduze-umgqomo uhlanganiswe neqhwa, futhi kusuka phezulu - ne-hay noma umhlanga.
Emiphakathini emikhulu nje yafaka iqhwa elikhulu. Kodwa-ke, ukuze ngesikhathi kucibilikiswa kungalimazi i-plum bark, iphathwa nge-4% ye-Bordeaux liquid ngaphambi kokuqala kwasebusika (ingu-3% yethusi le-sulphate ingasetshenziswa futhi).
Izidingo zokutshala ipulazi
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokutshala ama-plums yi-loamy noma inhlabathi enobumba obuhle. Kubalulekile ukuthi bahlelwe kahle. Ngisho nomoya owomile uyingozi kuma-plums.Ngakho-ke, ukumile komhlabathi akufanele kuvunyelwe kunoma yikuphi. Ukujula kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kufanele kube okungenani ngamamitha ayi-1.5.
Uma ubeka ipulazi yezithelo, kufanele ukhunjulwe ukuthi ibanga eliphakathi kwemithi elandelana kufanele libe okungenani ngamamitha amane, futhi phakathi kwemigqa - 6. Ukujula komgodi kufanele kube yingxenye yesigamu semitha.. Ububanzi bayo kufanele bufane. Kubalulekile ukutshala isilwane ngendlela yokuthi i-collar yayo ayiyikulala nomhlaba, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukuthi amasentimitha amabili aphakeme kunayo. Ngakho, ngokuxazulula inhlabathi, kuzokuwela ngokuzenzekelayo ezingeni elifunayo.
Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ama-plums ezindaweni ezinomoya eziyingozi kakhulu, ngoba angabangela ukulahlekelwa kwesitshalo phakathi nenkathi yezimbali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iplamu iyisitshalo esithande kakhulu.
Isikhathi esihle sokutshala ama-plums ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
