I-Cypress

Izitshalo zeConiferous: izinhlobo namagama

Cishe wonke ama-conifers ahlala eluhlaza, yingakho abathandwa kakhulu futhi abathandwayo phakathi kwabalimi bezwe. Ukuphakama nokuphakama, i-pyramidal kanye ne-cone enemibono, nezinaliti nokuziqhenya - lezi zitshalo zizohlobisa noma yiliphi ipaki, ingadi noma indawo yasemadolobheni. Kulesi sihloko, uzofunda ukuthi yiziphi izidakamizwa nezinhlobo zazo.

I-Araucaria

Isihlahla sase-Araucaria - esinye sezikhukhula ezikhulile ezimweni zasendlini. Lesi sitshalo sihlanganisa izinhlobo ezingu-19, sikhula e-Australia, eNew Zealand, eNingizimu Melika. I-Araucaria ukhuni isetshenziselwa ukwakha ifenisha, futhi imbewu idliwa.

I-Araucaria ingaba yinaliti futhi ifane namagqabha amancane asemakhaleni. Lesi sitshalo sakhula ikakhulukazi njengemihlobiso emigodini ezitsheni zokugcina izithombo noma izivande zasebusika, ezindaweni ezigumbini izimbali zezihlahla kunzima kakhulu, kodwa i-Araucaria nayo inhle ngaphandle kokuqhakaza. I-Araucaria ikholelwa ukuthi ihlanza umoya. Izinhlobo ezidume kunazo zonke zalezi zinhlobo ziyi-spruce, i-araucaria yaseBrazil, i-Cook araucaria, ne-araucaria yesiChile.

I-Araucaria i-variegated noma i-spruce yegumbi - lezi yizihlahla ezinomqhele okwenziwe ipiramidi, ekhula ngamamitha angu-60 ukuphakama. Amagxolo emithi anesundu, i-scaly. Amagatsha akhulayo avela esitokisini nge-angi 90 °. Amaqabunga amancane asesimweni sama-awls afana nezinaliti ze-tetragonal 2 cm ubude, umbala wezinaliti usuhlaza okombala. Izwe lakuleli isitshalo saseNorfolk, ezindaweni ezigumbini lesi sitshalo sikhula kancane, ikakhulukazi uma sinqunywe ngamandla. I-Araucaria encane evulekile, noma i-Araucaria yaseBrazil, ivamile endle ezindaweni eziphakeme zaseBrazil, lapho ikhula khona ngamamitha angu-50 ukuphakama. Unomuthi olenga amahlumela amancane, omude, kuze kube ngu-5 cm amaqabunga omumo we-lanceolate ohlangene, umbala ocebile oluhlaza. Ezimweni zamakamelo likhula ngamamitha amathathu.

I-Araucaria Columnar, noma i-Cook Araucaria, ikhula emvelweni eziqhingini zaseCaledonia entsha. Isici esihlukile somuthi: umqhele uqala emhlabathini, efana nezihlahla ze-cypress.

I-Araucaria yaseChileya ivame eChile nase-Argentina. Ngokwemvelo, likhula ngamamitha angu-60, ububanzi be-trunk lilodwa ngamamitha amahhafu. Umqhele ububanzi, i-pyramidal, amagatsha aphansi alala phansi.

Kubalulekile! I-Araucaria lapho ikhulile ekhaya ihlale idinga umswakama. Ungavumeli inhlabathi ukuthi iphele futhi ithulule lesi sitshalo ngemvula noma ehlile amanzi abilisiwe.

Capitate

Ama-conifers omndeni wakwaGolovchatotisovye amelela izinhlobo eziyisithupha kuphela. Lezi zitshalo zikhula eChina, eKorea, eJapane, esiqhingini saseTaiwan, e-East India. Lezi yizihlahla noma izihlahla ezikhulayo noma zihamba ngamabili zibhekene nomunye nomunye, noma zakha amabhungane ngamagatsha athile. Amaqabunga e-capitolinae ahlelwe eceleni emigqeni emibili, emincane, eminyene. I-Capitate yews ingaba yi-monoecious, okungukuthi, ingakwazi ukuzitholela impova, ibe nezimbali zombili zesilisa nowesifazane, futhi i-dioecious, okungukuthi, izimbali zesilisa nabesifazane zitholakala ezitshalweni ezahlukene zezilwane. Ama-cones angamadoda alawa ma-conifers avuthwe ezinsukwini zokuqala zentsuku zentwasahlobo, ubude bawo buvela ku-4 kuya ku-25 mm, ngokumele abameleli bezinhlobo ze-cones zakha amaqoqo amancane, okwakuyisizathu segama lezinhlobo. Ama-cones wesifazane afana nesakhiwo se-berry ngaphezulu, aqukethe imbewu eyodwa kuya eziningana ezivikelwe inyama enamazinyo - i-aryllus, lokhu kuklanywa kwe-green shades noma i-pink shades kuyithambile, yiziphi izinyoni ezithandayo. Ngokusobala, izinyoni namagundane amancane basakaza imbewu, ngaleyo ndlela banikela ekuzalweni kwezinhlobo zezilwane. Ama-capsules awaqondi kahle. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zala ma-conifers yizi:

  • Golchatchatotis Harrington. Lezi zi-subspecies ze-botani zifunde kuqala, zivame kakhulu ekutshalweni kwamasiko. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ikhula emahlathini entaba nasemaphandleni aseJapan. Lesi sitshalo sithanda umswakama, sibekezelela umthunzi. Emvelweni likhula ngamamitha angu-10, emasikweni kuwumuthi omncane noma esihlahleni.
  • Golchatchatotis Forchuna. Uma ikhula ngesihlahla, isukela kumamitha angu-12 ukuphakama, ngezinye izikhathi ikhula ngesihlahla. Izwe lakubo lezinhlobo yiChina, akukho ndawo kwenye indawo. Isihlahla sinegxolo elibomvu elibomvu, lisuka ku-8 cm ubude no-5 cm ngobubanzi. Mayelana nokulima emasikweni, kancane kuyaziwa.

I-Cypress

Izihlahla ze-Coniferous zomndeni wakwaCypress zimelelwa yizo zombili izihlahla nezihlahla. Izitshalo zitholakala ezindaweni eziningi nezindawo zezulu: eSahara, eChina, eNyakatho Melika, e-Himalaya, eMedithera, eCaucasus naseCrimea. I-cypress ine-trunk elincane eliqondile noma elincane, i-pyramidal umqhele noma isimo se-cone, i-grey epholile, eluhlaza njengoba ikhula futhi imine imifula encane. Amagatsha asetshenziswe ngokuqondile maqondana ne-trunk, kunezansi, isibonelo, ukukhala kwe-cypress.

Ushiya kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane ezinamathele emagatsheni, oval. Cypress single-house, okungukuthi, ijwayele ukuzivocavoca. Ama-cones abesilisa e-petiole emfushane, ejikelezayo noma e-oval enomzimba, ekhanyayo, enobuningi noma e-greyish, ubude be-cones bufinyelela ku-3 cm. Ama-cones wesifazane iyinduku ehlanganiswe nezikali ukuthi, uma zivuthiwe, zithatha isimo sezingxabano. Isihlangu ngasinye siqukethe imbewu engu-8 kuya ku-20 enamaphiko ensundu.

I-Cypress ihlale isitshalo noma evamile. Umuthi uvame kakhulu eningizimu yeYurophu nasezindaweni ezisentshonalanga ye-Asia. Ngaphansi kwemvelo yemvelo ikhula ngamamitha angu-30, ikhula ngokushesha. Crohn kaningi kaningi, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi pyramidal. Izinaliti ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, zicindezelekile emagatsheni. I-Grey-brown iqhuma kuze kube ngu-3 cm ububanzi. I-Cypress iyiMexico noma i-Louisiana. Izinkuni zalezi zinhlobo ze-coniferous zithengiswa eMexico njengezinto zokwakha. Lezi zinhlobo zikhetha amahlathi azintaba ahlangene nezintanjane ezinamadwala. Ngokuthakazelisayo, amakholoni okuqala abachaza i-cypress yaseMexico, ayithatha imisedari. Cypress McNaba. Lezi zinhlobo aziwa kancane, ngeshwa, ngoba ayinamakhaza futhi athembise ama-latitudes ngesimo sezulu esibandayo. Lezi yizihlahla zomhlobiso ezinomqhele ohlotshaniswayo womqhele, kusuka kumamitha angu-5 kuya kwangu-15 phezulu. Ngokukhula okuphezulu isiqu asikho, njengoba amagatsha ewela emhlabathini.

I-Pine

Uhlobo lwemithi kaphayini luhlanganisa: iphayini, i-spruce, umsedari, i-fir, i-larch, i-hemlock. Iningi lazo, ngaphandle kwe-larch, lihlale livuthiwe ngegxolo elibushelelezi. Amagxolo angaba nezikali noma ama-grooves amancane. Izitshalo ze-Pine zine-aroma, i-tar. Cishe zonke izinhlobo zezinhlobo zinezihlahla ezinomsoco ezinomsoco, ezigcwele izinaliti. Izinaliti zingakhula ezinkambeni nemigqa. Amaqabunga ahlelwe kahle afaka ama-cones abesilisa nabesifazane. Owesilisa obomvu noma obomvu, ovame ukutholakala ekupheleni kwegatsha, okubonakala kahle. Ama-cones wesifazane aqoqwa esikhungweni futhi athathe imbewu enamaphiko ngaphandle kwegobolondo elithambile.

I-Pine ivame eYurophu nase-Asia. Ukuphakama okuphakathi kwamapayipi kuvela kumamitha angu-25 kuya kwangu-40, ezinye izibonelo zikhula ngamamitha angu-50. Ipine isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-ethanol, i-rosin namafutha abalulekile. Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene: Glauca, Globosa Viridis, Aurea, Beuvronensis, Bonna, Candlelight, Viridid ​​Compacta, Alba Picta, Albyns, Chantry Blue.

Umsedari waseSiberia ungumuthi ophakeme ngamamitha angama-40 ngomqhele okhululekile neziqu ezinamandla. I-trunk iqondile, ngisho ngaphandle kwemigqa yombala obomvu. Izinaliti ziluhlaza obumnyama, ubude buyi-14 cm. Umsedari uqala ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka we-60 wokuphila. Ngama-13 cm ubude nobubanzi obuyi-8 cm, izigaxa ezibomvu ziba nsundu njengoba zivuthiwe. Naphezu kokufuthwa kwe-fruiting, isivuno siyamangalisa - kufika ku-12 kg wamantongomane avela esihlahleni esisodwa. Umsedari waseSiberia uhlala ezimweni ze-taiga eSiberia.

Uyazi? ENyakatho Melika, i-pine, ebizwa ngegama lomholi wokugcina wesizwe samaNdiya sase-Aztec saseMontezuma. Umholi wayekuthanda ukuhlobisa ikhanda lakhe ngezinaliti zalesi sitshalo se-coniferous. Ubude bezinaliti zePillars of Montezuma, noma i-White Pine, buyizingamamitha angu-30.
Ummeli ovelele wezihlahla zephayinsi yizihlahla ze-fir. Lawa angama-liver aqinile, anekhanda eliphansi le-pyramidal, i-gray bark elibushelelezi kanye nezinhlobo ezincane zokufakela lapho i-resin igcinwa khona. I-Fir ithandwa kakhulu ku-landscape design. Isibonelo, ibhalsamu fir iye yaziwa ngamasiko kusukela ngo-1697. Iningi lezinhlobo ze-fir tree alinamagagasi, ngaphandle kwababameli abahlala ezindaweni zokuhlala. Izinhlobo ezidumile zifaka:

  • UNana uyinhlobonhlobo emifushane, enomqhele obhekene nebhola eline-flat, enezinaliti ezinemibala ekhanyayo. Lapho uneminyaka eyishumi, ukukhula kwesihlahla kungamamitha amahlanu kuphela, ububanzi bomqhele bungamitha eyodwa.
  • I-Piccolo - lezi ezihlukahlukene zincane kuneNana, ukuma komqhele yi-oval engafanele, kufana nokuhluka okudlule. Izinaliti ezikhulayo nge-radially, zidwebe grey-green.

I-Podokarpovye

Phakathi kwezinhlobo zezilwane ezihamba phambili kukhona umndeni ogama elimangazayo iPodokarpovye. Izimila zalezi zinhlobo ziyakhula ekukhuleni kwesimo sezulu esifudumayo nesifudumele, kaningi emazweni asolwandle. Indawo yokusabalalisa inkulu kakhulu: eNingizimu Melika, ePhilippines, e-Afrika, eNew Caledonia, eNew Zealand, eTasmania, eNdiya, eMexico, eJapane naseChina. Lezi zihlahla noma izihlahla ezinomuthi oqinile, ngezinye izikhathi zikhona amagatsha ezihlahleni. Amahlamvu yifomu elincane le-lanceolate noma inaliti, ngokuvamile elibhekene nalo. Izimila zivamise kakhulu. Ama-cones wesifazane ane-ovule eyodwa, ngokuvamile ngaphandle kwegobolondo. Ama-cones angamadoda ayedwa noma ama-inflorescences ngendlela yamacici. Izinhlobo ezinjalo zemindeni ziyaziwa:

  • I-Phyllocladus isihlahla kuze kube ngamamitha angamashumi amathathu phezulu.
  • I-Dacridium Fonk - shrub ayikho ngaphezu kwemitha.
  • I-Dacridium evulekile-evuliwe - isicwebe esincane, ivela emhlabathini ngo-5-6 cm.
  • I-dacridium cypress - isihlahla kuze kube ngu-60 cm, ne-trunk iqine kumamitha amabili nengxenye ngobubanzi.
  • I-parasite kuphela yomndeni wakwaDacridium yi-Parasitaxus, ehlala eNew Caledonia, igxila emithonjeni nasezimpandeni zezitshalo zezimbali.

I-scyadopitis

Yonke ulwazi mayelana nalezi zihlahla ze-coniferous iqoqwe kuhlobo olulodwa - iScyadopitis, elimelelwa izinhlobo ezilodwa - iScyadopitis, evezwe. Lesi yisihlahla esisihlahla esihlala njalo sinomqhele we-pyramidal, amagatsha amancane amancane, amagxolo ashelelekile ngaphandle kwemigodi. Isihlahla sifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha amane. Amahlamvu anemibala emibili: amaqabunga amancane, amancane, ama-lanceolate nezinaliti zokungena. Plant monoecious. Izimbali zamadoda ziqoqwe ezincane ze-inflorescences ezincebeni zamagatsha, izimbali zabesifazane zikhula ziyingane, ngalinye linama-ovule angu-7-9. Ama-cones eside - angu-12 cm, ama-gray-brown, anezikhala zomjikelezo. Imbewu, ehlanganisa ama-cotyledons amabili, amaphiko.

Kuyathakazelisa Lesi sitshalo sikhuliswa ngempumelelo emazweni amaningi. I-scyadopitis yasungulwa eBrithani enkulu engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-19, ogwini lolwandle oluMnyama lwafunda ngesitshalo ngo-1852, lapho isingeniswa kwi-Nikitsky Botanical Garden. Lesi sitshalo sakhula ePotsdam, eBaden-Baden nakwamanye amadolobha amaningi aseYurophu.
Ezweni lakuleli sitshalo, eJapane, i-sciatopitis ikhulile ezimweni zemvelo - amapaki namahlathi, futhi njengesitshalo sembiza.

Yew

Abaningi bezithunywa ze-yew - ezivuthiwe. Ama-Yews angaphezu kwezinhlobo ezingamashumi amabili ze-hvoynikov. Kunzima kakhulu ukubanika incazelo ejwayelekile, ngakho-ke sizocabangela ngokwehlukana izilwane ezidume kakhulu nezintandokazi.

I-yew berry iyisihlahla, esingaba amamitha angu-28, enamaqabunga abomvu, amagatsha akhula ngokunye, agcwele izinaliti eziluhlaza eziluhlaza. Lesi sitshalo sabizwa ngokuthi inyama enomvu obomvu ngokuzungeza imbewu, efana namajikijolo. Isitshalo se-Yew berry - dioecious. I-Yew ikhula e-Afrika enyakatho-ntshonalanga-ntshonalanga, e-Iran, e-Asia, e-Russia, eYurophu, e-Carpathians, e-Kuriles nasesiqhingini saseShikotan, eCaucasus. I-yew berry yanyamalala cishe ngenxa yokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwezinkuni eziyigugu, ezinamandla amakhulu. Izingxenye ze-yew berry zisetshenziswe njengento eluhlaza yezidakamizwa.

Qaphela! I-Yew ayihlwanyelwe emasimini, ayibekezelelisi isiliva esinamandla ensimbi, noma yikuphi ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, kungase kufe uma kuncibilikiswa ngokweqile.
I-Canadian Yew - i-shrub ephansi, kuze kube ngamamitha ayisithupha nengxenye ukuphakama nobubanzi bomqhele - amamitha angu-2.7. Amagatsha akhula ngokungafani, amahlamvu amancane kuya ku-2 cm ubude futhi afana nobubanzi, iphuzu leqabunga leqabunga libukhali, ama-petioles amaqabunga amancane futhi anzima. Umbala wamaqabunga amaqabunga ubuhlaza obumnyama. Kwabiwa eCanada nasezindaweni ezisenyakatho ye-United States. I-Yew spiky ikhula emvelweni kuze kube ngamamitha angu-20, ekhaya ikhula kaningi ngehlathi. Amagatsha wesakhiwo samathambo, aphakanyiswe noma aguqe. Amaqabunga amancane nomvini ophakathi ocacile, ubude - kufika ku-2 cm, ububanzi - 3 mm. Ipuleti leshidi linyanyiswe kuze kube sekugcineni, luhlaza okomnyama. Endaweni engokwemvelo ikhula eMpumalanga Ekude, eKorea, eJapane, eChina. Kuhlakulelwe kusukela ngo-1854.

I-yew iphakathi - i-hybrid eyabelwe ukutshalwa kwensimu, abazali bayoba yi-yew berry kanye ne-yew ekhonjiwe. Lezi zinhlobo zavulwa e-USA ngo-1900. It has izibonakaliso zombili amasiko donor: ukuma amaqabunga, umvuthwandaba central ocacile phakathi plate, isakhiwo amagatsha. Ubusika-buqinile. Izihlahla ze-Coniferous ekuklanyeleni kwezwe zithinta kalula: ekwindla, lapho konke kusemnyama nokudabukisayo, noma ebusika kunesizinda esimhlophe, lezi zitshalo zijabulela iso ngeziqhingi ezincane eziluhlaza. Ngaphandle kokubukeka kwesithakazelo kwezitshalo, kunenzuzo yokusikeka kwemvelo: amagatsha e-hony adume ngokukwazi kwabo "ukuhlanza" isikhala somoya esiseduze nabo.