Ngokuqinisekile ku-dacha ngayinye kunezihlahla ezimbalwa ze-cherry ezinezithelo eziqhakazile nezimile.
Lezi amajikijolo akuzona nje indlu yokugcina yamavithamini ehlobo, kodwa futhi iyinto enhle kakhulu yezingane kanye nabantu abadala ebusika.
Zifakwe kahle, zigcinwe futhi zomisiwe ebusika.
Indlela yokwandisa ukukhiqiza kwesihlahla futhi ukuvimbela ukuba abe yisisulu sezinambuzane ezinambuzane. Eqinisweni, konke kulula kakhulu, udinga ukwazi ukuthi nini, kanjani nokuthi kungani ukwenza.
Imininingwane mayelana nomanyolo womuthi
Zalisa i-cherry ilandela maphakathi nekwindlangoba lesi sihlahla siqala ukusijabulisa ngezinye zezimbali ezihamba phambili. Ukugqoka okuphezulu ngemifuno ehlukahlukene (i-peat compost, i-droppings yezinyoni, i-humus, njll.) Kuyadingeka ukuba inike ukukhula namandla.
Abalimi abaningi be-amateur bavala lesi senzakalo kuze kube entwasahlobo, okungalungile ngokuphelele. Isihlahla ngemva kokufumbaza sinciphile futhi sidinga ukugcwalisa izimpahla zazo zonke izakhi ezincane nezama-macro ezingekho. Ngomanyolo omude womhlabathi, umuthi awukwazi ukubekezelela amaqhwa ngenxa yokugeleza kokushisa okusheshayo kuwo.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu isetshenziswe kuphela unqanyuliwe, ngoba umuthi uveza amahlamvu awo, futhi indlela ye-foliar saturation ingasebenzi.
Uma ugoba umhlabathi endaweni yomuthi eduze kwe-stem, engeza umanyolo ogcwala inhlabathi ngezinto eziwusizo futhi uthuthukise ukuzala kwawo.
Ikhwalithi kanye nokwakheka kwamanyolo kuncike ekubunjweni kwenhlabathi kanye ne-microclimate esifundeni. Uma kusayithi lakho ingxenye enkulu inhlabathi enhlabathinike ama-cherries adinga ukudla okunamandlangoba kusuka enhlabathini enjalo elula izakhi eziwusizo zihlanjululwa kakhulu kunokuba zivela enhlabathini enzima kakhulu.
Ekwindla, kubalulekile ukuqeda ama-nitrogen-containing containers, futhi ukwethulwa kwe-calcium, i-phosphorus ne-potassium emhlabathini kuyakuba yindlela engcono kakhulu.
Ukudla okuncane kulandela qala ngemuva kokuba isivuno sonke sivunwe, izithelo ezibolile zisusiwe futhi isihlahla sesisusiwe amahlumela angenampilo nesomile. I-30 kg yama-humus yezihlahla ezincane kanye ne-50 kg yezihlahla ezindala kuneminyaka engu-9 ubudala zitholwa kahle (ezingekho ngaphansi kuka-15 cm ejulile), inhlabathi isusiwe ukhula.
Ungabuye uxhume ukugqoka okuphezulu kwesihlahla ngokuchelela emva kokumba umhlabathi. Ukwenza lokhu, lungiselela ikhambi elinjalo: 3 tbsp. superphosphate + 2 tbsp. i-potassium sulfate ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi. Ukunisela kufanele kube luningi ngokwanele., okungenani amalitha angu-15 amanzi ngaphansi kwezihlahla ezivuthiwe nama-8 amalitha - ngaphansi kwezihlahla ezincane.
Enye yezinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu futhi ezingabizi kakhulu zomanyolo we-cherry ekwindla umquba wenkukhu. Kodwa kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukungaphezu kwalo kungaholela ekushiseni kwesistimu.
Kubalulekile ukuhambisana nalolu hlelo Ukulungiselela umanyolo wezinkukhu umquba. Ukwenza lokhu, thatha u-1-1.5 kg we-inkukhu yomquba bese ufaka ibhakede elingu-10 litre. Engeza ngamalitha angu-4 lapho futhi ushiye izinsuku ezingu-2 ukuvuthwa. Ngemuva kokungeza amanzi ekugcineni kwebhakede uphinde uhlanganise kahle. Umanyolo usulungile. Ngalolo hlobo ngeke lilimaze ingadi yakho.
Umanyolo olandelayo owuthandwa kakhulu ngumquba noma umquba. Ngenxa yalokhu, kusetshenziselwa umquba obolile oneminyaka engu-2-3 ubudala, ongenakuhlanjululwa, ngaphandle kwalokho uzoba ingxube ye-ammonia.
Ukuze inhlabathi evundile ekahle, ingasetshenziswa njengomanyolo. nitroammofoski. Kuyinto umanyolo olinganiselayo, ehlanganisa izingxenye zayo ezine: sulfur, phosphorus, potassium ne nitrogen. Kodwa ngenxa yenhlabathi ebanzi yobuningi nokuntuleka kwezakhi, umanyolo kuphela okubalulekile. Kufanele isetshenziswe kuphela ngokuhlanganiswa nezinye izithasiselo.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngokunakekelwa nokutshala kwe-cherry ezwayo.
Ukusingatha imibuthano yesondo
Kungani kubalulekile kangaka ukugcina ubukhulu bomjikelezo wesondo? Umbuthano we-Pristvolny ugcwalisa lesi sihlahla nazo zonke izici ezidingekayo ekukhuleni kwayo okunempilo: umoya, amanzi, ukudla.
Ubukhulu bomjikelezo we-trunk kufanele bube bukhulu kunomkhawulo womqhele womuthi, ngakho inani layo liguquka njalo ngonyaka. Ukubala ngokufanele ubukhulu besondokudingeka ukulinganisa ububanzi bomqhele futhi wande nge-1.5. Lokhu kuyoba ububanzi obudingekayo bomuthi othile.
Uma ukumba ekwindla, kubalulekile ukuthi indiza yesikhala ibe eceleni kwendawo yomjikelezo we-trunk. Uma lo mthetho ungalandelwa, kunengozi yokulimaza izimpande ezinkulu, okuzobe zithole amandla isikhathi eside. Ungasebenzisa futhi amafoloko akhethekile, kodwa kuphela ekukhanyeni, enhlabathini evulekile. Ngokuseduze komuthi we-shtambu, ukujula kokumba kufanele kube ngaphansi. Ku-trunk - 7-8cm, nendawo yonke yomjikelezo 10-12cm.
Ukudubula i-Cherry e-Fall
Kumane kudingekile ukuhlunga amagatsha esihlahla somkhiqizo, nakuba abanye abalimi bakholelwa ukuthi izihlahla zamatshe azidingi. Okushiwo ukusika izihlahla ukuthi umuthi uqondisa amandla namandla hhayi ekuthuthukiseni umqhele okhulu, kodwa ngobuningi kanye nekhwalithi yesitshalo.
Ukuze ingadi yakho ibheke kahle futhi ifakwe kahle, kungcono ukwenza izihlahla zamagatsha ekwindla. Entwasahlobo, amagatsha angakwazi ukubhekana nesithwathwa esinzima asuswe. I-autumn ukusika izikebhe kufanele kuqale maphakathi no-September futhi uqede ekuqaleni kukaDisemba.
Ukudubula kungabizwa ngokuthi uhlobo lokuhlinzeka ngokuhlinzekwa kokuphila emthini. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ucabange ezinye izicabha. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi lesi sihlahla sesivele sishiya umqhele futhi siphumule.
Kodwa akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi kuyadingeka ukuthi sibe nesikhathi ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa sokuqala, kungenjalo umuthi uzoba buthakathaka futhi ukumelana kwawo kweqhwa kuyoncipha. Ngakho-ke, ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, ukusika izihlahla kuyadingeka ukuqeda ngoSepthemba, futhi eningizimu - kungenzeka ukwenza lokhu konke ekwindla.
Kuye ngobudala bomuthi, ukusika izihlahla ze-cherries kwenziwa nge-pruner noma kubone. Izihlahla ezincane zinqunywa ngommese obukhali, ngoba i-pruner ingabalimaza. Ukutshala izithombo kuphela ekwindla yokuqala akudingi ukusika izihlahla, ngoba baqala ukudala umqhele futhi bathole amandla. Uma benqunywe, ke nge-frosts enzima umuthi ungase ufe.
Ngesikhathi sokusika izihlahla ezindala, amagatsha owomile namagatsha abathintekile yilesi sifo kuqala kokususwa endaweni evulekile. Wonke amagatsha anqunyiwe namahlamvu alahlekile kufanele ashiswe ukuze avimbele ukuphindaphinda kwesihlahla futhi avimbele ukusakazeka kwezinambuzane ezinambuzane. Lokhu kudubula kubizwa ngokuthi ukuvimbela.
Futhi kumuthi omdala kufanele susa amagatsha amakhulu namagatshaokuyinto eyenza umqhele ongavamile, mncane ngaphandle izindawo ukuqongelela okuqinile futhi interlacing of amagatsha. Lokhu kuzothuthukisa ukunikezwa komoya komuthi futhi kwandiswe ukungena kwelanga emagatsheni athela izithelo.
Futhi unqume amagatsha akhula ngaphakathi komqhele, engxenyeni efanele kanye phezulu phezulu. Ukwakheka komqhele oqondile kanye nokucaciswa kwayo ngokusebenzisa indlela yokunciphisa - yilokho lapho kudlula khona ukusika ezingeni lezinso, futhi kuphela ingxenye engaphezulu yehlumela isusiwe.
Uma umuthi ungakhanjiswa iminyaka eminingi futhi unomqhele okhululekile, umnaki, kufanele ube mncane iminyaka eminingana. Uma kungenjalo, izihlahla zomhlaba wonke zizocima kakhulu futhi zibuthaka umuthi.
Izihlahla ezivuthiwe kufanele zinqunywe kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili, kuyilapho izihlahla ezincane kufanele zinqunywe njalo ngonyaka kuze kuvele umqhele oqondile. Isici sokusika izihlahla ezincane yilokho wonke amahlumela aqedwa, futhi phezu kwesiqu kunezinhlamvu ezimbalwa eziyisisekelo, ezilinganayo.
Uma usebenzisa indlela yokunciphisa, emahlathini aneminyaka emibili ubudala, igatsha eliphakathi lihlukaniswa kude no-25 cm ukusuka ekude kakhulu, nakuwo wonke ama-lateral - kude no-35 cm kusuka amaphuzu aphezulu.
Akufanele uhlanganyele ekunciphiseni umqhele wezihlahla, iziqu zazo ezithinteka ngilazi noma umdlavuza omnyama. Kulezi zihlahla zingafa.
Ngemuva kwemisebenzi yokwenza izihlahla ze-cherries, umuthi udinga ukunakekelwa okufanele, ngaphandle kwalokho amaphuzu anqunywe kancane kancane futhi kuzoba khona ukwelashwa.
Konke izingcezu zidinga ngokuphuthumayo baphathe nge-pitch pitch, upende weoli, i-linseed amafutha noma i-antiseptic. Ukwelashwa okunemithi yokucindezeleka "i-Novosilom" engamaphesenti ama-3 ml ngamaminithi angu-10 lamanzi ngeke kube yinto engafaneleki.
Abanye balimi balungiselela ukusika izivande zabo balinganise izincomo zekhalenda yenyanga. Siyakubonisa okuyinhloko:
- indlela engcono kakhulu yokwenza izihlahla ngokuphuma kwenyanga;
- hhayi okuhle kakhulu uma inyanga ikhula;
- izinsuku ezinhle ezandulela inyanga entsha;
- futhi lokhu akufanele kwenziwe ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kwenyanga egcwele.
Vikela i-cherry emakhazeni
Nakuba i-cherry ibhekwa njengesihlahla esingenqamuki, sisadinga ukuvikelwa emakhazeni kanye namanye amasiko.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu okuhle ekwindla kuzogcwalisa isihlahla ngezakhi eziwusizo futhi kwandise ukuphikiswa kwamaqhwa. Into eyinhloko akumele i-overdo it ngoba umanyolo owedlule qinisa ukugeleza kosawoti kuzokwehlisa ukuqina kweqhwa.
Ekupheleni kwekwindla, isiyingi esiseduzane kufanele sihlanganiswe nomquba noma umquba. Lokhu ngeke nje kube ukudla okunye okwenziwe ngamapulangwe, kodwa futhi kuzothuthukisa ukumelana kwayo kweqhwa.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ubukhulu be-mulch akumele budlule u-10cm. Uma ubusika beqhwa, khona-ke ubuningi beqhwa baqoqa isiqu futhi bahudulwa phezulu kwe-mulch kusuka ku-sawdust noma utshani kuzoba ukuvikeleka okungcono kakhulu ohlelweni lwempande.
Sicela wazi ukuthi i-mulch akufanele ithinte isiqu somuthiuma kungenjalo, kuyoba nomthelela ekusizeni kanye nokubola kwegxolo.
Ekupheleni kwekwindla, abalimi abanolwazi bafaka isiqu se-cherry enezingqimba eziningana zephepha elimhlophe, izikhwama ezingenayo i-nonwoven noma izikhwama ezimhlophe ze-polypropylene. Lokhu kuzovikela umuthi ekushiseni kwelanga, okuvela ngenxa yokuthi phakathi nosuku imisebe enamandla yelanga iludumala kahle, futhi ebusuku kunciphisa okubukhali ekushiseni.
Okunye okunjalo i-harness ingavikela izihlahla ezincanei-whitewash lime iyaphikisana. Ungasebenzisa futhi iziqu ezisikiwe zokusajingijolo, umhlanga, i-fir twig, noma i-bhisikijolo yokubamba.
Manje ngokuphuza umuthi
Inani lokuchelela lincike ekutheni umuthi udala kangakanani. Izithombo ezincane ekwindla kuyadingeka amanzi kuze kube izikhathi ezingu-15, futhi izihlahla ezivuthiwe azidingi ukuchelela okunjalo njalo. Kudingeka baphuze kancane kancane, kodwa ngobuningi ukuze umswakama ugobe inhlabathi okungenani isigamu semitha.
Ukuphuza kokugcina kumele kwenziwe emva kokumba nokufaka umanyolo eduze kombuthano. Kufanele kube luningi kakhulu, lapho abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho abanamathele emhlabathini. Ngemuva kwalokho, umuthi awusanisela ukunciphisa ukugeleza kokushisa nokulungisa umuthi isikhathi sasebusika.
Ukuvikeleka ezifweni kanye nezilokazane, ukugqoka umhlophe
Ukuze uvikele insimu yakho kusuka enani elikhulu lezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene ekuqaleni kweqhwa, umjikelezo we-trump uphuliswa ngesixazululo esingu-5% se-urea.
Isixazululo se-Urea yisisindo esikhulu kakhulu somanyolo we-nitrogen ongaphazamisa iningi lezinambuzane, ama-fungal and infectious infathogens, futhi livimbela ukukhiqizwa kwazo
Izitha ezivame kakhulu zezihlahla zamatshe ziyizibungu zegolide-imisila, i-hamborm eqoshiwe, i-haws, i-cherry moth, izimpungushe ze-sawfly enamahloni e-cherry kanye ne-weevil cherry.
Zilimaza izinso, ngesikhathi sokukhukhumeza okukhulu, zizondla ngokuzikhandla kanye namaqabunga amancane amanzi, ziphule ipuleti leqabunga, lichithe izimbali kanye nosawoti amajikijolo.
Uma usathola inkathazo esihlahleni, kufanele usheshe spray isiqu kanye namagatsha anesisombululo esine-insecticide. Akusizi okungalungile ne-Cypermethrin, enesenzo esiningi esikhulu. I-Cypermethrin iyingxenye yalezi zidakamizwa njengeCifox, Mustang, Arriro, Inta-Vira, njll.
Ngisho nokunakekelwa okufanele, akunakwenzeka njalo ukuvikela isithelo sezithelo cherry ezifweni. Umlimi wezithelo kufanele ajwayele ezinye zazo ukuze aqaphele ngesikhathi:
- ukugqwala noma i-coccomycosis. Kulesi sifo, abasengozini kakhulu bangamahlumela amancane namaqabunga, anamachashazi amnyama;
- ama-monilioz.- amaqabunga nezimbali, kanye nezithelo kanye namagatsha aboshwe;
- ukwelashwa kwe-gamma - amagatsha omuthi afa;
- ukuphazamiseka okwenziwe nge-perforated - ebonakala yilokho okuholela ekufeni kwezinsizwa ezincane, izimbali namaqabunga;
- Izithelo kanye nokubola kwegciwane - esinye sezifo eziyingozi kakhulu zezihlahla. Lapho kuqala ukuphikisana ngesithelo, lezi zilonda zisakazeka ngokushesha kakhulu ensimini.
Yingakho kufanele uhlahlele ngokucophelela izihlahla futhi unakekele insimu ekwindla. Zonke ukhula oluvuthiwe, amagatsha aqoshiwe namagatsha alahlekile ziqoqwe endaweni eyodwa futhi zishiswe ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuzobhubhisa zonke izinambuzane kanye nezinhlamvu zezifo ezihlukahlukene.
Enye yeziningi kakhulu odumile jikelele futhi eshibhile Izinambuzane zokulawula izinambuzane yi-iron sulfate. Ngiyabonga, akunakwenzeka nje kuphela ukuthuthukisa ukuhluma, kodwa futhi ukubuyisela izihlahla zakudala, ukwandisa ukuqina kwabo kweqhwa. Nokho, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuhlushwa okufunwa ukuze uthole umphumela oyifunayo.
Ukuze silwe nemisipha nama-lichens, isisombululo se-5-7% se-sulfate esivundile sanele. Abalimi abangenalwazi bafaka i-lime ku-vitriol eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Lokhu akulungile, futhi kuzoholela emphumela omubi. I-lime ingeziwe ku-vitriol eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Uma uphatha izihlahla nge-vitriol, cabanga uhlobo lwesifo somuthi ngamunye ukuze ulungiselele isisombululo sokuhlushwa okufunayo.
Ukuqeda izinambuzane, i-iron sulfate yedwa ngeke yanele. Isixazululo segwayi-shag sisiza kakhulu kulokhu.
Ehlukile ubukhulu be-vitriol ukuthi akusizi nje kuphela ukuqeda zonke izinhlobo zezinyosi kanye nezihlahla, kodwa futhi kunomthelela ukwandisa isamba semifino efihlekile kanye nokukhula kwamagatsha amasha. Lokho kuzokwenza ngcono kakhulu ukukhiqiza nokubukeka kwensimu yakho.
Akufanele sikhohlwe ngezinambuzane ezinkulu - izinhlamvu nezinsebe. Ukuze uvikele izihlahla kubo, ukugxila ngokuphahlazwa noma ukuphahlazeka, okuhlanganiswe ngetambo, kungabhalwa. Into eyinhloko ukuthi lokhu kuvikelwa kumele kufinyelele emhlabathini, futhi izinduku azikwazi ukufika esihlahleni somuthi.
Ungasebenzisa futhi i-cylinder ebhodleleni leplastiki elitholwa ngokucophelela emhlabathini ukuze amagundane akwazi ukulimaza uhlelo lwempande.
