Njengoba kufika izinhlobo ezintsha eziphakeme ezivumela ukulwa nezimo ezishisa nezifo ezimbi, ukutshalwa kwamagilebhisi sekuphelile ukuba kube yinto yokuzilibazisa, engabonwa kuphela ngabakhethiweyo.
Namuhla, uma unesifiso nesipiliyoni esincane, noma yimuphi umlimi wezitshalo ohlala endaweni elungile angakhula lesi sitshalo esimangalisayo ezindlini zakhe zasendlini.
Umgomo oyinhloko wokuphumelela kulokhu kuyisinqumo esifanele sezinto ezihlukahlukene ezifanele ukutshala ezimweni ezithathwe ngokuqondile. Ngokukhethekile, amagilebhisi okukhethwa kwendawo yasekhaya "Alexander", eyakhiwe e-Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture, wafanelwa izibuyekezo ezinhle kakhulu.
Uhlobo luni?
"U-Alexander" ubhekisela eqenjini lezinhlobonhlobo zetafula ezibomvu zenzalo yonke, okuhloswe ukuthi zisetshenziswe kwifomu entsha neyinkimbinkimbi. Imfanelo - ukubukeka okukhangayo nokunambitheka okumnandi okunamnandi, ngamanothi ezintekenteke okuthiwa "isabelny". Kuloluhlobo uhlobo lwezinhlanga, Ukuthakazelisa noLaura.
Ukuthandana kuhle. Isaphulelo sokunambitha - amaphuzu angu-8.5 kusikali sezinyathelo eziyishumi. Ukuphakama kwalokhu okuhlukahlukene akukona kakhulu kakhulu - cishe ngo-15%, okungukuthi, abakwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi mnandi ngenxa yobukhona be-acidity (i-acidity index ka-Alexander ngu-1.2 g / l). Kodwa futhi akunakwenzeka ukumbiza ngokuthi umuncu. Esikhundleni salokho, ukunambitheka kwalo kungachazwa njengobuncane futhi obuncane.
Kuyinto ezihlukahlukene zakuqala, ezinokuphikisana okukhulu nezifo ezihlukahlukene kanye nezinambuzane, kufaka phakathi ama-wasps. Isikhathi semifino yesitshalo sisukela ezinsukwini ezingu-128 kuya kweziyi-164. I-Muscat Bely, iKishmish 342 noJulian nabo bahluke ekuvuthweni kokuqala.
Humushela incazelo emuva ku-isiNgisi Humusha Incazelo grape varieties Alexander
Amaqoqo alezi zinhlobonhlobo amancane, ngesimo sesilinda, ene-branching encane. Isisindo esilinganisweni singaba ngu-135 g. Ngaphansi kwesimo sokuchelela okunamandla nezimo zezulu ezithandekayo, isisindo sabo singafinyelela ku-150-200 g.
Amajikijolo ahlanganisiwe, aphakathi nendawo, ahlelwe ngokuqinile kakhulu emgqonyeni, ngakho-ke, lapho uwaqoqa, kubalulekile ukuwaphatha ngokunakekelwa okukhulu ukuze ungalimazi.
Ukuphakama kwesihlahla - isilinganiso. Amaqabunga akhulu, aqinile, ngesakhiwo esingenasisekelo kanye nesibindi esicacile se-spider pubescence engaphansi. Umbala wamahlamvu usondelene nokukhanya okukhanyayo. Inani lamaqoqo ehlathini likhulu, ngenxa yalokhu, lesi sitshalo sidinga ukusika izihlahla zokuvikela ukuqinisekisa izinga elifanele lokukhanyisa nokuthola isivuno sekhwalithi ephakeme. Umvini - obunzima, onobuhlungu. Amahlumela ayahluma kahle kusuka ezinkuni zakudala.
Isithombe
Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi mayelana nokubonakala kwamagilebhisi "u-Alexander" esithombeni esingezansi:
Umsuka nomlando wezintandokazi
Ukubonakala kwamagilebhisi "u-Alexander" kuphoqelelwe ku-Research Institute of Agriculture of Bashkiria lapho kubhekene nabasebenzi bayo: Abdeeva MG, Maistrenko N.V. no-Strelaevoj L.N.
Ngokweminye imithombo, ibizo layo lihloniphe indodana yokugcina eyafa empini.
Ukutshala kwezithombo zokuqala ze-hybrid emhlabathini kwenzeka ngo-1989. Futhi ngo-1999 lezi zinhlobonhlobo zazifakwe kwiRejista kaHulumeni yeZiphumelelo zokubeletha zaseRussia futhi zancoma ukulima kuzo zonke izingxenye zezulu zezwe.
Izimpawu kanye nezimfanelo ngabanye
Isici esiyingqayizivele sezinhlobonhlobo "Alexander" ukuphikisana okukhulu nokushisa. Ngenxa yalokhu, yena, kanye nobuhle beNyakatho ne-Super Extra, angalinywa ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya ebusika kufinyelela khona-degrees ama-25.
Kuphikisana nomkhuhlane kanye ne-oidium, kodwa lapho ukutshala okuqinile kunokulimaza. Inqubo yokukhula ikhiqiza inamba enkulu yezinyathelo.
Ukuthela kuyanele phezulu. Ngokwesilinganiso, uma ukhula ngesilinganiso sezimboni, cishe 124 abaphakathi ngehektare (ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezihle nokunakekelwa okufanele, lesi sibalo singafinyelela kuma-centre angu-163 ehektheleni ngalinye). Ukuvuna kusuka ehlathini - cishe 7-8 kg. UVictoria no-Anyuta nabo bangaziqhayisa kakhulu.
Ukuvuthwa okugcwele kwamajikijolo emgwaqeni ophakathi kwenzeka cishe ngo-10 kuSeptemba. Ngalesi sikhathi, amagilebhisi athululelwa ngejusi, futhi imbewu yayo ithola umbala obomvu.
Izifo nokulawula izinambuzane
"U-Alexander" ubhekisela eqenjini lezinhlobo eziphikisanayo, eziphikisana nezinambuzane nezifo ezihlukahlukene.
Ngokuvamile akuthintekile isikhutha ne-oidium. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuncike ekuthuthukiseni isikhunta grey. Isibangela sesifo yilona ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo ezincane zeqembu lezinyosi iBottistis cinerea, izidumbu ezintshalweni eziholela ekufeni kwazo.
Kubonakala ezimweni zomswakama ophezulu emahlumela amancane kanye namajikijolo avuthiwe, okuyinto, lapho ukunqotshwa kwe-gray grey kuvuvukala, kukhanyeka futhi kuhlanganiswe ne-bloom ebanzi ye-gray tints. Kancane kancane, ukutheleleka kudluliselwa kuwo wonke amaqembu kanye nama-inflorescences amagilebhisi, okuholela ekusomeni kwawo.
Indlela yokulwa:
- Uma uthole izibonakaliso zezifo esihlahleni, amaqoqo ahlangene namahlumela kumele ahlulwe ngokucophelela futhi ashiswe, bese ehlanza isitshalo ngesisombululo se-baking soda noma i-1% yensipho eluhlaza. Uma lesi sifo sithintekile, yingxenye encane yesitshalo kuphela okwanele ukuyihlanza ngesisombululo soda esikhungweni se-70 g soda ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi.
- Vimbela ukutshala kwamagilebhisi aphakeme kakhulu futhi ukhiqize ukucwilisa nokubunjwa ngesikhathi.
- Ngezifo ezinzima zesifo, ungasebenzisa izidakamizwa. I-Antracol.
Ulwazi oluwusizo: Ukuvimbela ukubonakala kwezifo ezifungayo ekwindla, izitshalo zingelashwa ngedakamizwa i-DNOC, okuyi-fungicide, i-herbicide neyiphuzo "ebhodleleni elilodwa".
Iziphetho
Ngokuvamile, "u-Alexander" akayona into engenangqondo ekunakekeleni futhi ayidingi ukusetshenziswa kwamasu akhethekile wobunjiniyela bezolimo.
Ukuze uyivikele kuzo zonke izici ezimbi, kufaka phakathi zonke izinhlobo zezilonda zamabhaktheriya nama-fungal, ukusika izikhathi ezifanele nokusetshenziselwa izidakamizwa eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuze uthole ulwazi oluphelele mayelana nezifo ezifana ne-anthracnose, umdlavuza we-bacterial kanye ne-chlorosis, funda izihloko esigabeni esikhulu ngezifo zamagilebhisi.
Ngakho-ke, singaphetha ngokuthi lezi zihlukahlukene, ngenxa "ukucindezeleka ukubekezelelana", ukumelana nesithwathwa nokungahloniphi, okuhlangene nokunambitheka okuhle nokuvunwa okuphezulu, kulungele ukulima ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, kubandakanya izindawo ezinamazinga okushisa aphansi aphansi ngonyaka.
Ukugwema kwayo kuphela ukuthambekela kokuqina kanye nobukhulu obuncane bamaqoqo. Kodwa-ke, inxephezelwa ngokugcwele ngokuhambisana nokusebenza kwe "Alexander", okwenza kube lula ukulima abalimi abanolwazi oluncane.
