Ama-apula raenki ingatholakala emadijini amaningi, ikakhulu eSiberia. Lesi sithelo siyingxenye yesigamu, kepha ama-apula awalahlekelwa ukunambitheka nokugqama kwawo. I-apula ithathwa njengomuthi ongathembeki wesithelo, futhi ngokunakekelwa kahle ungathela izithelo iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu. Uma wenza izihlahla nezilonda njalo, ungathola isivuno esihle iminyaka eminingi. Izithelo ezincane zingakhula engadini yakho, futhi lesi sihloko sizokusiza kule ndaba.
Uyazi? Amapula aseRasnet nawo abizwa ngokuthi amaShayina.
Yiziphi ama-apple e-ratnet
Ibanga le-rastenka litholakala ngenxa yokuhlukaniswa kwe-aperi yase-Siberia kanye ne-apple sublimate. Lesi sithelo sibusika-siqinile futhi siletha isivuno esihle minyaka yonke. Isisindo sesithelo singama-amagremu angu-15, kanti ububanzi besithelo buyi-5 cm kuphela. Kuphelele, kunezinhlobo eziyikhulu zama-apula we-rannet. Idume kakhulu kunawo - "Dobrynya", "Purple", "Long", "Red". Isibonelo, izinhlobonhlobo "Dobrynya" zisetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-juice, futhi "Long" kuhloswe ukuba kube yi-compotes. Kusuka ku-"Purple" efihliwe, futhi kusukela "Ebomvu" ikhulile ukucubungula. Zibusika-ziqinile, zinezivuno ezihlukene futhi zitshalwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene. Izinhlobonhlobo zalezi zihlahla ze-apula zazitshalalwa eSiberia.
Uyazi? EYurophu, i-apula yawela ngesikhathi sika-Alexander Omkhulu.
Ukukhetha indawo yokufika
Ukuze ukhule umuthi wakho we-apula uphilile futhi ulethe isivuno esihle, udinga ukulungisa inhlabathi, kodwa ngaphambi kokuthi udinga ukuthi uhlwanyela kuphi izithombo ze-apula. Indawo engcono yokutshala i-apula emoyeni ovulekile - ngaphandle kwezakhiwo noma izihlahla ngaphandle kwemidwebo. Ukutshala umuthi wezithelo kufanele kube eduze kwelanga futhi kude nezinye izihlahla, njengoba zingakwazi ukuthatha izinto eziwusizo kusuka izithombo ezincane futhi uvimbele ukukhanya. 
Inhlabathi ye-apula isithelo. Ungasebenzisa umhlaba, okuyinto ekubunjweni kwawo kuqukethe i-nitrogen futhi ngeke ibe yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Uma inhlabathi imuncu kakhulu, udinga ukwengeza umlotha nophethiloli wama dolomite. Inani libalwe kusuka ku-acidity yenhlabathi. Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukujula okujulile kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Umkhuba wokukhula okuhle kwesihlahla awukho ngaphezu kwamamitha amabili kuya emhlabathini, kodwa uma endaweni yangakini amanzi esezansi esiseduze, udinga ukuqinisekisa indawo enjalo nge-drainage enhle. Imigomo yokutshala izithombo incike ezimpandeni zabo. Uma isithombo sinezimpande ezivaliwe, kusho ukuthi ungatshala i-apula kusukela entwasahlobo kuze kube sekupheleni kwekwindla. Ngesimiso sempande evulekile, umuthi omncane kufanele utshalwe ngaphambi kokuphuza ihlumela.
Uyazi? Igama elithi "ipharadesi" kuCeltic lizwakala njenge-Avalon ("umhlaba we-apula").
Umsebenzi wokulungiselela ngaphambi kokufika
Into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ngaphambi kokutshala ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izithombo zisesimweni esihle. Udinga ukuzithenga ngaphambi kokutshala futhi kungcono ukwenza lokhu kubathengisi abathembekile. Hlola ukuba khona kwezifo noma ukubola izithombo kulula. Ukwenza lokhu, sincoma ukuthi usike ucezu oluncane emmpandeni wesihlahla. Ukusika kufanele kube mhlophe, kodwa uma ubona umthunzi ohlukile kuwo, khona-ke isithombo sinzima kakhulu.
Kumele futhi uqaphele ingxenye ephakeme yomuthi omncane. Imbewu kufanele ibe yonyaka owodwa ubudala futhi ibe namagatsha angu-3-5 ama-squelette. Emva kokuthenga, udinga ukuletha isithombo ngendlela efanele, okungukuthi, ukusika izimpande ezigula noma eziphukile. Izintambo kufanele ziphathwe ngelahle elichotshoziwe futhi ziqondise uhlelo lwempande.
Kubalulekile! Ama-buds nge-sapling akufanele avuvuke.
Manje sibheke ekulungiseni isayithi kanye nomhlabathi wokutshala. Izibambo zokutshala izihlahla entwasahlobo kungcono ukulungiselela ekwindla. Ubukhulu be-fossa buyi-80 × 80 × 80 cm. Uma uhlwanyela izithombo eziningana, gcina ibanga phakathi kwabo - cishe 4 m kusuka komunye nomunye. Ukujula komgodi wokufika kufanele kube cishe ngo-45 - 50 cm, ububanzi bemitha. Isendlalelo esivundile esingenhla ngemuva kokumba ukuhamba kahle. Emgodini udinga ukugcwalisa ingxube ye-peat, umlotha kanye ne-superphosphate.
Kubalulekile! Hlanganisa zonke izithako kahle ukuvimbela ukucwilisa izimpande zokuxhuma ngomanyolo.
Ngaphambi kwentwasahlobo, umhlaba uzohlala futhi ugcwele imvula noma amanzi ancibilike. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi uma utshala isithombo somuthi wesithelo endaweni enhle, kuyadingeka ukuhlinzeka amanzi emanzini asezantsi. Uma umhlaba wakho unesihlabathi, amatshe ngeke asebenze. Ukuze ugcine umswakama, kungcono ukubeka ubumba phansi.
Sincoma ukutshala izithombo zama-apula emagqumeni amaningi. Kumele kube ngu-85 cm ukuphakama, futhi hhayi ngaphansi kwe-1 m ububanzi. Ukuze wenze intaba enjalo, udinga ukuthatha umquba. Kodwa ngaphambi kwalokho kufanele wenze umgoqo omncane ngesimo se-rubble noma ubumba obwandisiwe. Ukugeleza okunjalo kufanele kufakwe ngendlela yokuthi cishe u-5 cm ushiywe phezulu emhlabathini. Emva kwalokho ungagcwalisa umquba. Ngokushesha ngaphambi kokutshala intaba enjalo kumele kuphuziswa ngekhambi le-potash umanyolo.
Kubalulekile! Umanyolo we-Potash akufanele ube ne-chlorine.
Ukuze kuphakame intaba ephakeme (cishe ngo-80 cm no-1m ububanzi) amabhakede ayishumi esisombululo esinjalo asanele. Ngemuva kwaloko, phezu kwentaba kufanele ugcwalise inhlabathi evundile (cishe 40 cm). Khona-ke ungaya kokubaluleke kunayo yonke, okungukuthi, indlela yokutshala kahle umuthi we-apula.
Ukutshala izithombo ezincane
Izihlahla ze-Apple zingatshalwa ekwindla nasentwasahlobo. Ukhetha isikhathi sokufika ngokwakho, kodwa sikunikeza kokubili izinketho. Uma ukutshala kwenziwa ekwindla, kungcono ukukwenza ngoNovemba. Ngalesi sikhathi, umuthi we-apula ugcwele izimpande uma ungaphansi komhlaba. Kungcono ukushayela isigxobo esiphakeme phakathi komgodi ngamamitha angama-1 nengxenye. Izimpande zesithombo kumele ziqondiswe ukuze zihlume ngokushesha. Gweba ngobumnene umsila emgodini bese uphakamisa umhlabathi omnyama ovundile. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukwenza ukuze intamo yempande ikwazi ukulinganisa nomhlabathi. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngobumnene uphahla phansi bese unikeza ukuchelela okuningi. Sishaye sifaka emhlabathini ukuze sibophe isithombo kuso. Lokhu kuzohlinzeka ngokusekelwa kwesihlahla esincane.
Kubalulekile! Kungcono ukungabeki umanyolo emhlabathini, ngoba izithombo zingase ziqale ukuhluma ngaphambi kwesikhathi, okuzokwenza ukuthi isihlahla sikhishwe.
Emagqabeni okuqala okuzungezile azungeze isithombo, izimila eziyinkimbinkimbi zamaminerali kumele zihlakazeke kude no-55 cm ukusuka esitsheni. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwentwasahlobo, lapho iqhwa licibilika, ama-fertilizer azofakwa emhlabathini, futhi ngokufanelekile, zibe izimpande zomuthi we-apula. Uma ukutshala kwenziwa entwasahlobo, khona-ke inhlabathi kufanele ilungiselelwe ngendlela ehlukile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ngesikhathi sokutshala kufanele kuthululwe phansi emgodini umxube womlotha nomhlabathi onomsoco. Emva kwalokho kufanele uthele ibhakede lamanzi kulo bese uhlangana nomhlabathi.
Ngenhlanganisela enjalo, bese unciphisa uhlelo lwempande lwesithombo se-apula, liqondise futhi limboze umgodi ngenhlabathi evundile phezulu. Ngemuva kokutshala okunjalo, kubalulekile ukuphuzisa umuthi ngamalitha amahlanu amanzi futhi emva kokuba ubanjwe, engeza inhlabathi ngaphezulu ebusweni ukuze ngisho nangaphezulu. Ungabuye uhlanganise inhlabathi nomanyolo obunzima. Futhi, uma utshala, udinga ukukhumbula intamo yomsuka, okufanele ibe sezingeni lomhlaba. Emva kokutshala izithombo ze-apula, kubalulekile ukunikeza umuthi ngokunakekelwa okudingekayo, esizoxoxa ngakho esigabeni esilandelayo.
Uyazi? Embewu ye-apula eyodwa iqukethe izinga lansuku zonke le-iodine, ngakho-ke kudingekile ukuba ugwebu lwe-thyroid.
Indlela yokunakekela i-apula raznetki
Kunzima futhi kudala ukukhula i-apula, futhi ngukuphi lapho ungawuhlwanyeli khona, kudinga ukuhlinzeka kahle. Kusukela ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, uma unakekela kahle isihlahla, i-apula izokulethela isivuno esikhulu iminyaka eminingi. Kulesi sigaba ungafunda ukuthi ungayinakekela kanjani i-rantka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka.
Ukucubungula nokuvikela i-apple kusuka ezinambuzane nezifo
Njengazo zonke izitshalo, i-apula ingathinteka yizilokazane nezifo. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, kufanele kube izinyathelo zokuvimbela. Benza i-prophylaxis ngaphambi kokuphuza i-bud noma emva kokuvuna. Entwasahlobo, izihlahla ziphathwa ukuze zisuse izinambuzane ezivuthayo ensimini futhi zivikele izifo ze-fungal. Ekuseni, ukuvimbela kuyadingeka ukuze kubhubhise izinambuzane ebusika emagqumeni nasezihlahleni zezihlahla ze-apula, kanye nokuvikela isihlahla ezifweni ezihlukahlukene. 
Ukuqeda izifo ze-apula, kufanele uhlanza amagxolo endala bese uguqa umuthi wesithelo. Le nqubo yenziwa entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Ngezifo ezinjengomdlavuza omnyama, i-anthracnose, i-moniliosis, ne-cytosporosis, kunconywa ukuthi ususe amagatsha omisiwe bese ubhebhezela i-necrosis (blackening) ye-cortex ibe izicubu ezinempilo. Ngemuva kwalokho, lezi tincetu kufanele zicutshungulwe ngekhambi le-copper sulfate. Uma i-apula yakho ishaywa ngesikhumba, i-blotch noma i-apula i-beetle yezimbali, ukupuniza kwenziwa nge-Bordeaux ingxube, i-Decis noma i-sulphate yethusi. Futhi, umuthi wesithelo ungathatha i-powdery mildew, ukuqeda ukuthi yiziphi izidakamizwa ezifanele ezifana ne-Tiovit-Jet noma i-Skor.
Ukunciphisa inani lezinambuzane kuzosiza ekwindla nasentwasahlobo ukupompela nge-fungicides ekhethekile, njenge-urea, i-iron noma i-sulfate yethusi. Bashisa izibungu ezinambuzane ezingakhula emagqabeni omuthi. Kanti futhi ngesikhathi sekwindla udinga ukuhlola ngokucophelela umqhele we-apula ukuze kube khona izidleke zobusika kusuka emaqabunga omile noma ama-cobwebs. Izidleke ezinjalo zidinga ukuqoqwa futhi zishiswe. Izinambuzane ze-Apple zivame ukugubha izihlahla ezihlahleni. Ukuze ususe izinambuzane eziningi, udinga ukukhipha ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ekwindla.
Ukunisela nokudla
Esikhathini sokuqala ngemva kokutshala i-apula udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iphuziswa njalo. Kuyokwanela ukuphuza izitshalo kanye ngesonto, ngisho nangesikhathi sehlobo elimanzi lamanzi. Ukuphuza okulodwa emthini owodwa kuya emabhakede amane. Esikhathini esomile udinga amanzi amaningi kakhulu futhi njalo. Eminyakeni elandelayo, i-apula iyanisela njengoba kudingeka - isibonelo, ekushiseni okukhulu noma ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwesithelo. Izihlahla ze-apula ezivuthiwe zidinga ukukhulelwa kanye nezihlahla ezincane. Ukudla kokuqala kwenziwa ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Amanyolo e-organic ezifana ne-humus ne-urea angasetshenziswa. Embuthanweni oseduze nomgqomo uthele u-6 amabhakede ama-humus no-2 kg we-urea.
Ukugqoka kwesibili kwenziwa ngaphambi kokutshala. Uma kushisa ehlobo, khona-ke ukondla okuketshezi kufanele kusetshenziswe. Kulesi sulphate efanelekileyo ye-potassium, i-superphosphate ne-Effecton. Okokuqala udinga ukulungisa isisombululo: 750-800 g we potassium sulfate, i-1 kg ye-superphosphate kanye nebhodlela elilodwa le-Effecton kudingeka lengezwe emgqonyeni ngamanzi ka-150-200 l. Lesi sinkinga kufanele sithathwe isonto. Ngaphambi kokucubungula, udinga ukuthulula amanzi phezu komuthi we-apula, bese usebenzisa ukugqoka okuphezulu okunjalo kwamanzi. Emthini owodwa uthatha cishe amalitha angu-50 alowo mkhiqizo. Kudingekile ukuba ulethe embuthanweni, uphinde uhambe esitokisini ngamasentimitha angu-50. Ngemva kokudla, i-apula isanisela futhi. Ukugqoka okwesithathu kuwela esikhathini sokugcwalisa izithelo.
Emgqonyeni we-200 l, 15 g we-sodium humate kanye no-1 kg we-nitrophoska kufanele ihlanjululwe ngamanzi. Umuthi uphuziswa ngaphambi kokufaka umquba. Yenza ukudla okudingayo kude no-50 cm kusuka esihlahleni. Emthini owodwa kufanele uthele ngamabhakede amathathu. Ukugqoka kwesine kwenziwa emva kokuvuna. Udinga ukwenza umanyolo owomile, njengoba ekwindla kuyisikhathi sezulu. I-300 g ye-superphosphate ne-potassium sulfate kufanele ifakwe ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye.
Uyazi? Uma udinga ukuzola, ungenza itiye le-apple nesinamoni. Kuzosiza ukuqeda intukuthelo nokucasuka, ukugula okungapheli syndrome, ukuphazamiseka kokulala, kanye nezinsizwa nokunganaki.
Ukudubula
Njengazo zonke izihlahla zezithelo, izihlahla ze-apple ezinamahlumela zidinga izihlahla. Ukusika izihlahla ze-apula kwenziwa kabili ngonyaka, ekwindla nasentwasahlobo. Ngosizo lokusika izihlahla, uzothola ukuthi umuthi we-apula uzobukeka uqondile, kuyilapho amagatsha awo angeke ahlale phansi noma anamathele ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ukudubula kufanele kwenziwe ukuze amagatsha aqinile abe ngaphansi kwezinto ezibuthakathaka, ngoba ezinamandla zizokhipha ukukhula kwamahlumela amakhulu. Ukusika, ungasebenzisa i-hacksaw noma i-pruner - kuye ngokuthi ubukhulu begatsha bunjani. Uma unquma amagatsha amancane, ingadi yamasheya izokwenza.
Ukwakhiwa komqhele kufanele kwenziwe ezinyathelweni zakuqala zokuthuthukiswa kwe-apula. Lapho umuthi wakho we-apula uqala ukuthela izithelo, udinga ukusika njalo, njengoba igatsha ngaphansi kwesisindo sama-apula ligcwele ngokweqile. Entwasahlobo, amagatsha amancane kudingeka asuswe ukuze izakhi zifinyelele kakhulu.
Kubalulekile! Uma ususa amahlumela ngenkathi efudumele, ungalindela ukuthi ngokuwa uzokwazi ukuvuna isivuno esikhulu.
Ukunambitheka kwenziwa ehlobo noma entwasahlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, amahlumela abancane, hhayi ama-lignified kufanele athenwe, futhi lokhu kungenziwa ngesandla. Ukuphinwa kwehlobo kusiza ukugcina izakhi futhi ukwandise ijubane lokuthuthukiswa kwezinso. Ukuchofoza okunjalo kwenziwa kathathu ngekhefu lamasonto amathathu.
Ukuhlangana komhlabathi
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, izinhlobo ze-rannet ziyisibhakabhaka-ziqinile, kodwa eminyakeni yokuqala zingcono ukugubha imithi ebusika. Lokhu kungenziwa ngosizo lwe-compost, i-biohumus, i-droppings yenkukhu noma umquba omningi. Kubalulekile ukubeka inani elincane lomanyolo bese uvale phezulu ngendwangu yesitshalo esingamasentimitha angu-5 ubukhulu. Ngaphansi kwe-mulch elinjalo, izibungu zomhlaba zizosabalala ukuze zidle phezu kwe-humus kanye netshani. Bazokhulula futhi bacebe inhlabathi ekujuleni okudingekayo.
Izakhiwo eziwusizo zama-apula rannet
Amapula amafense anenani elikhulu lempahla ewusizo. I-apula iqukethe i-sucrose, i-glucose, i-fructose, i-fibre, i-pectin, amafutha abalulekile, amavithamini, i-carotene, kanye ne-ascorbic acid, i-potassium, i-sodium, i-calcium kanye ne-asidi yama-malic. Ama-apples amasha asekela ibhalansi ye-acid-base, usizo nge-gastritis, izilonda zesisu, izifo ze-anemia nezifo zezinso. Zisetshenziselwa ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa futhi zenze kahle ebuchosheni, ukukhula kahle. Futhi, ama-apula Intent aqinisa umzimba nokuzivikela. Uma usebenzise ama-apula njalo, uzokhohlwa isikhumba esikhulile. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwekhalori ephansi yama-apula ziyingxenye yezidlo eziningi ezinokukhuluphala. Kubalulekile ukuthi imishanguzo ingabangeli imithi, futhi inganikwa izingane ngendlela yamazambane ahlambulukile.
Uyazi? Igama lesiNgisi le-apula lisuselwa ku-Apollo. Iqiniso liwukuthi eGrisi lasendulo i-apula yayibhekwa njengomuthi ongcwele we-Apollo.
