Sekuyiminyaka abantu beqoqa izingulube futhi bayabathanda ngokuthanda kwabo okulula futhi kulula ukulungiselela. Abaqoqi be-mushroom abanokuhlangenwe nakho bafakazela ukuthi lezi amakhowe ziphephile ngokuphelele, kwanele ukuba zibilise futhi zihlukane ngaphambi kokupheka. Ngokuphambene nalesi sitatimende, kunombono mayelana nengozi nobuhlungu balezi zipho zehlathi. Ngizibuza ukuthi ochwepheshe bacabangani ngalokhu? Zama ukuqonda, izingulube - amakhowe ezidliwayo, noma akunjalo?
Umndeni svushukovyh - isithombe nencazelo
Abantu babiza izingulube ngokuhlukile: i-solokha, i-dunka, indlebe yengulube, i-solopen, ubisi omnyama. Futhi ezincwadini zesayensi i-mushroom ibizwa ngokuthi I-Paxillus incubutus - ingulube incane - futhi ivela emndenini wezingulube, owaqala ukuchazwa eminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu edlule. Kwaphela isikhathi eside, umndeni wawubhekwa njengengaphakathi phakathi kwamakhowe ase-bolet nama-agaric. Futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izazi ze-mycologists zafakazela ukuthi i-bolt, okuqinisekiswa yi-molecule phylogenetic analysis. Kodwa phakathi nalesi sikhathi kwakunezinguquko ezingulube. Emagodini ambalwa omndeni, izinhlobo ezingu-8 zePaillillus zahlukaniswa ngohlobo oluhlukile lwe-Tapinella. Kukhona futhi ingulube.
Uyazi? I-Svushki inegama layo ngenxa yamathambo amnyama, afana nokungcola okuvela kubo lapho kuthintekile.
Incazelo yengulube inokufana nesisindo. I-cap enamahloni enezimpondo eziphephile i-concave phakathi nendawo, ikhule ibe ngu-14 kuya ku-17 cm. Ezingxenyeni ezisencane kunombala omuncu, kunemibala emidala i-gray-brown. Zizwe zomile futhi zifudumele noma zibushelelezi. Emvula, isimo sezulu esibi, sinamathele futhi asijabulisi. Uma ucindezela kanzima noma usike umkhawulo - uzoba mnyama.
Ngaphakathi kwe-mushroom kunomdlandla, umbala okhanda. Umbala ungase uhlukile, i-spectrum eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Akunamathe. Ehlobo, kuvame ukuba nezinhlanzi eziningi zehlathi emhlathini.
Isiqu sincane, singaphansi kwe-10 cm, sibhebhezela, umbala wayo uvame ukufana ne-cap, kepha ingase ihluke ngo-yellowness obala. Isici sesici sezingulube yizingcwecwe zamanga ezingaphansi kwe-cap. Babonakala njengamafolda futhi bahlukana kalula kusuka phezulu.
Eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-35 eyedlule, i-mushroom yengulube yaqashelwa ngokomzimba ngokwemvelo, ngokusho kwayo, yayinikezwa isigaba sesine. Futhi ezincwadini zesimanje zokubhekisela ulwazi mayelana nokungaqiniseki kwayo kokudla kanye "nengozi yokufa" kuvame ukutholakala.
I-svushki ikhula kuphi futhi nini
Ungabathola kusukela ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo kuze kube sekuqaleni kwamaqhwa cishe yonke indawo: bayakhula emakoloni, bavame ukucula, emahlathini, emathunjini, ngaphansi kwezihlahla nasezihlahleni, ezikhungweni eziqothukile ngisho nasezintweni ezilahlayo kanye nasezintabeni. I-mushroom ithanda umswakama nomthunzi. Kusukela ku-glade eyodwa ungakwazi ukuqoqa ibhasikidi elincane eligcwele. Zitholakala ngisho nangaphansi kwezihlahla ze-coniferous, kodwa kaningi ngaphansi kwe-oak ne-birch. Ngezinye izikhathi zikhula ngisho nasemagodini.
Abaqoqi be-mushroom batusa ukuthi bathathe ama-sampula amancane uma besengokweqile. Angabonakala ngamasayizi amancane kanye ne-cap shaggy. Amakhowe amadala ngaphakathi avame ukuvuleka. Izithelo ze-swine minyaka yonke.
Ingabe ingulube iyinakhowa enobuthi noma edayayo?
Kulesi sihloko namuhla baqhubeka bexoxa nabaqoqi be-mushroom endala nabameleli besayensi yesayensi. Owokuqala ubhekisela kulokho okuhlangenwe nakho nolwazi lwabazali ababedla amadunki kuphela, okwesibili - emiphumeleni yocwaningo lwabo. Okwamanje empikiswaneni izwi lokugcina lishiwo odokotela. Imushroom iyingozi. Kuvela ukuthi izidakamizwa zayo zingabulawa ngokushesha, futhi zingakapheli isikhathi esithile, ngoba ukudla ngokudla njalo kwengulube kuqoqa emzimbeni. 
Izimpikiswano mayelana nokuhleleka
Naphezu kokuthi kusukela ngo-1984 ingulube encane futhi enzima isavunyelwe ukuqoqwa, ukudayiswa kanye nezikhala, iqoqwe. Bawushukumisela ngempikiswano yokuvimbela: bathi, omkhulu kanye nokhulu-grandfather badla, futhi akukho lutho. Imikhosi ephikisayo ikholelwa ukuthi ungakwazi ngisho ukupheka i-mushroom enobuthi, ngenkathi ukwelashwa ukushisa, zonke izinhlungu zibhujiswa. Ukuze uthole ukuqinisekiswa kungatholakala i-trophies ibilise nge-anyanisi izikhathi ezingu-3 kuya kwezi-4. Abanye abathandi bezinhlobonhlobo zehlathi bachaza umphumela obulalayo ngemva kokudla kwe-solopeni ngokudideka ngama-mushroom. Bathi into enobuthi ingaba ingozi yangena ebhasikizini.
Ama-mushroom e-Svushka ahlaziywa futhi ososayensi ngokwezinzuzo nezinkinga zabo. Bathole i-pigment ebomvu emzimbeni waseDunka - atroomentin, enezindawo zokulwa namagciwane, ne-polyporous acid, engabhubhisa izicubu ezinzima. Ngokusho odokotela, lokhu akwanele ukuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwefungus. It isetshenziswa kuphela ukulungiselela imithi.
Kubalulekile! Uma kuhlanganiswa amakhowe ingulube nophuzo kunezinhlobonhlobo eziqinile.
Izakhiwo ezinobuthi
Ngezifundo zesikhathi eside kanye nokubona okusemthethweni kusekwe ngokwesayensi:
Ukutholakala kwama-lectin anobuthi kanye ne-muscarin ekubunjweni kwezingulube, ezigcina utshwala ngisho nasezingeni eliphezulu lokushisa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngisho nangemva kokubilisa ngokuphindaphindiwe, izimpande zihlala zinobuhlungu;- uma isetshenziswe, i-dunek emzimbeni womuntu ikhiqiza ama-antibodies agglutinins akhethekile, oklanyelwe ukubhubhisa ama-antigens aqukethe isifungulu esinamathele embundeni we-erythrocyte. Ngenxa yalokho, inqubo ye-autoimmune ibangelwa - amasosha omzimba aqala ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana egazi abomvu, okuholela ekulimaleni kwe-anemia, izinso nesibindi, kuze kube sehluleka kwalezi zitho nokufa;
- isakhiwo se-spongy sezingulube zikhuthaza ukuqoqwa kwama-isotopes asebenzayo ngama-cesium nethusi;
- I-poisoning yama-mushroom ingazibonakalisa ngokwayo emva kwesikhathi eside ngemuva kokudla amakhowe, konke kuxhomeke ekuziphatheni komzimba. Ukusabela kwabantu emayelana ne-toxin ye-fungus kuyahlukahluka kakhulu, kepha izingane zithinteka kakhulu emiphumeleni eyingozi.
Ukutholakala kwama-lectin anobuthi kanye ne-muscarin ekubunjweni kwezingulube, ezigcina utshwala ngisho nasezingeni eliphezulu lokushisa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngisho nangemva kokubilisa ngokuphindaphindiwe, izimpande zihlala zinobuhlungu;
