Namuhla kunzima ukuthola isakhiwo lapho singakhula khona. uphizi Wonke umuntu uyazi mayelana nezakhiwo zokunambitheka neziwusizo zalesi siko, yingakho abadala nabantwana bayithanda kakhulu. Futhi, njengenkomo yenkomo, iqukethe amaprotheni amaningi, okulula kakhulu ukugaya. Okusha, ama-peas aluhlaza afaka amavithamini B, PP, C, i-carotene, i-phosphorus, insimbi ne-lysine. Kubantu abahlushwa izifo zenhliziyo, ukusetshenziswa kwamapayi kuyimpoqo, ikakhulukazi njengoba ukutshala kwalesi sitshalo akudingi isikhala esikhulu (singatshalalwa eceleni kocingo). Lesi sihloko sibonisa imithetho eyisisekelo yokunakekelwa kwepea nokutshala endaweni evulekile..
I-Pea: isici samasiko
Abaningi bayazibuza: bangama-peas ubhontshisi noma cha? Ngempela ungowomndeni we-legume, olunye ulwazi luyiphutha. Izitshalo ze-branching zalesi sitshalo zifinyelela ku-250 cm. Isiqu asikho futhi amaqabunga ayingcosana, ayinkimbinkimbi. I-scape, lapho kukhona khona ama-tendrils, unamathela ekusekeleni, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ugcine isiko endaweni eqondile. Izimpande zePea zinesakhiwo esijulile. Izimbali ngokuvamile zimhlophe, kodwa nazo zibomvu. Ngenxa yokukwazi kwabo ukuzitholela impova, ziqhakaza izinsuku ezingu-45-55 ngemva kokuhlwanyela. Ezinhlobonhlobo zakudala zama-peas, ekuqaleni kwezimbali ungabona amashidi angu-7-8, kanye namaqabunga angama-24 - ezinhlobonhlobo zakamuva.
Njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili kunezimbali ezintsha zezimbali. Izimpawu ze-peas azikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwencazelo yezithelo. Zibhontshisi, futhi ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo, zinomumo ohlukile nombala. Amabhontshisi aqukethe imbewu engama-10 egubha noma ebushelelezi, futhi umbala wabo ufana ne-peel ye-pod. Phakathi nokukhula kwesitshalo, amabhaktheriya awusizo akhula ezimpandeni zawo, futhi i-nitrogen ivela futhi, ehola ama-peas emkhathini (lokhu kuyondla inhlabathi).
Ukukhetha indawo yokutshala ama-peas ensimini
Ama-peas azikhethela ngendawo yokutshala, ngakho ukulima kwalesi sitshalo kumele kuqalwe ngokukhetha kwayo. Uma ukhetha isayithi, kufanele uqaphele inhlabathi, omakhelwane besitshalo, ukukhanyisa, ukushisa nezimo zezulu.
Izimo zezulu ezikhulayo
Ukuze i-pea plant ikhule kahle, kubalulekile ukudala izimo ezifanele. Lesi sitshalo sithanda kakhulu umswakama, ukuze imbewu ngokulinganayo ivule, futhi kwakukhona amahlumela enobungane, i-peas kudingeka itshalwe ngaphambi kwenhlabathi enomanzi. Ngenxa yokwanda kwemvula, isitshalo sikhula ngokushesha futhi sikhule. Phakathi nesikhathi sokuhluma kanye nezimbali, umswakama uyadingeka ikakhulukazi. Uma amanzi eswele, isitshalo sikhipha ama-ovarie nezimbali.
Noma kunjalo, i-peas ayithandi uma amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ephakeme kakhulu. Ukulungele ukukhuthazelela isomiso esifushane, njengoba uhlelo lwempande oluqinile lwama-peas lusebentisa umswakama kusuka ezindaweni ezijulile zenhlabathi. Ama-peas awathobekile ukushisa futhi imbewu ihlume ekushiseni kuka-5 ° С. Izithombo ziyakwazi ukubekezelela amaqhwa kuze kufike ku -6 ° С, futhi izinga lokushisa elihle kakhulu ekwakheni ama-ovaries plant is 13 ... + 15 ° С, ukukhula kwebhontshisi - kusuka ku -17 kuya ku-22 ° С.
Luhlobo luni lomhlabathi oluthandayo ama-peas
I-pea iyathanda lapho inhlabathi isetshenziselwa kahle futhi iyaneliseka. Uma inhlabathi ekhethiwe yokutshala inomuncu, okokuqala kudingekile ukuba lime. Lokhu kuzodinga u-300 g we-lime hydrated noma u-400 g wefulawa i-dolomite nge-1m². Indawo ekahle yokutshala kuyoba yi-humus ecebile, kanye nomhlabathi omanzi.
I-pea omakhelwane abakhulu
Ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu ye-pea, khumbula ukuthi izitshalo zangaphambilini ezakhula endaweni efanayo, ithonya elinamandla esivuneni. Kungcono ukutshala izitshalo ezichazwe ngemuva kwamazambane, izaqathe, ama-beet, ukhukhamba, utamatisi namathanga.
Kubalulekile! Ngemuva kwamanye amaqabunga, isibonelo, ubhontshisi, i-lentils, ama-soya, amantongomane, ukutshala ama-peas kule ndawo akufanelekile.
Ama-peas akufanele abuyiselwe endaweni lapho ekhule khona ngonyaka odlule, ngoba kukhona amathuba okuthi lesi sitshalo sithinteke yizifo nezinambuzane, ngakho-ke, izinsuku ezinokwenzeka zokutshala ama-peas endaweni efanayo azikho eminyakeni engama-3-4.
Izici zokutshala ama-peas e-cottage yabo ehlobo
Ukuze uhlume kahle ama-peas, futhi ulethe isivuno esikhulu, kuqala udinga ukwenza umsebenzi wokulungiselela. Ziqukethe ukulungiselela inhlabathi, ukulungiselela imbewu nokutshala ngokwayo.
Indlela yokulungisa inhlabathi yokutshala ama-peas
Lapho ulungiselela inhlabathi, kufanele kuqala ihlanganiswe futhi iphuze kahle, futhi ifakwe futhi ngaphambi kokutshala ngokuqondile kwama-peas. Ukuqhubeka emhlabathini kunesidingo sokwenza ama-grooves nge-6 cm ejulile, ugcine ibanga phakathi kwemibhede okungenani ngu-20 cm.
Kubalulekile! Isikhathi sokutshala ama-peas asinayo imingcele eqinile, kodwa abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukutshala izitshalo uma isimo sezulu esifudumele sifaka, okungukuthi, eduze no-May.
Ukulungiselela i-peas yokutshala
Ngaphambi kokutshala izitshalo nazo zidinga ukwazi ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani imbewu ye-peas. Cabanga ukuthi yiyo kuphela izinga eliphakeme, imbewu enempilo edingekayo yokutshala. I-feeble, igula futhi igcwele ama-specimens we-pea weevil akufanele itshalwe.
Uyazi? Ukuze kube lula ukukhetha imbewu ephezulu, ingafakwa kwisisombululo saline bese ukhetha kuphela labo abaye bafika phansi. Isixazululo saline silula: isipuni 1 sosawoti kuya ku-1 litre lamanzi.
Kusukela ngaphambi kokutshala udinga ukuhluma imbewu ye-peas, kuzodingeka wenze ezinye izenzo ezilula. Ngemuva kokukhetha imbewu, kufanele ifakwe emanzini afudumele futhi ihambe ivule amahora angu-16, iguqule amanzi njalo amahora amathathu. Emva kokufaka imbobo yezinhlanzi, isomile esimweni esingasabekayo.
Indlela yokutshala ama-peas
Ama-peas awadingi ukusetshenziswa kwanoma yiluphi uchwepheshe wezolimo okhethekile futhi iphethini lokutshala lilula. Ngaphambi kokubeka izinto zembewu emhlabathini, emibhedeni kufanele kwenziwe imigwaqo engama-6-7 cm ubude. Ibanga eliphakathi kwawo kufanele liba ngu-45-55 cm. Ingxube yomquba nomlotha ufakwa emhlabathini ngamunye, bese ufafaza umhlaba, kodwa ukugcina ukujula komgodi 2-3 cm. Ngomitha owodwa we-furrow, kuyodingeka imbewu engu-17-18, ngakho-ke ibanga eliphakathi kwembewu lizofika ku-6-7 cm. Okulandelayo, umgodi wembewu kumele ugcwale umhlaba, okuzosiza ukugcina umswakama.
Uyazi? Njengoba imbewu ye-pea ihluma ngeke ubone, kodwa amahlumela okuqala avela ezinsukwini ezingu-7-10.
Ukuvikela imbewu ye-pea ezinyoni, kunconywa ukumboza indawo ngokuhlwanyela ngamanetha okudoba noma ngefilimu eguquguqukayo.
Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo zokulima, izici zokunakekela izitshalo
Ukunakekelwa kahle kwe-peas akubalulekile nakakhulu kunokutshala okufanele. Ukunisela, ukukhulula inhlabathi, ukudla, izihlahla ze-garter - konke okungabazeki kuyathinta isivuno sesitshalo.
Izenzo zokuqala emva kokuhlwanyela
Ngolunye usuku uhlanga lokuqala lwe-peas luzovela, okokuqala, kuncike ekutheni uketshelwa ketshezi emhlabathini. Ukunisela okunamandla nokuningi - lokhu kunakekelwa okuyinhloko kwesitshalo. Ngemva kokuhlwanyela, kudingeka uqaphele ngokucophelela ukuthi i-peas inomswakama okwanele. Uma enganele, isitshalo sizofa, singabi nesikhathi sokubonisa amahlumela okuqala. Ngenkathi izithelo zivuthwa engxenyeni engezansi, ama-peas ahluma phakathi, kanti i-tip isakhula futhi idala amaqabunga, ukuchelela kubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni okujwayelekile kwesitshalo.
Kubalulekile! Ukunisela okunamandla - nakho akukuhle kakhuluikakhulu lapho kubhontshisi ubhontshisi. Lokhu kungaholela ekusakazeni kwezifo.
Ukunakekelwa komhlabathi
Ngesikhathi sokukhula okukhulayo kwama-peas, kubalulekile ukukhokha ngokukhethekile ukukhulula inhlabathi phakathi kwemigqa. Kuphela ngale ndlela, izimpande nama-bacule ama-bacule azokwazi ukuthola i-oxygen edingekayo. Emahlumela okuqala, afinyelela ukuphakama kuka-6 cm bese edala amaqabunga angu-4-5, imibhede izodinga ukulimazwa, kodwa lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngesikhathi lapho umhlabathi owomile. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kungalimazi uhlelo lwempande. Naphezu kwalokho okuyoba ukuhlanganiswa kwenhlabathi nokukhula kokhula ngesikhathi sonyaka okhulayo, ukukhipha phakathi kwemigqa kufanele kwenziwe izikhathi ezi-3 (kuya kufinyelela ku-7 cm).
Izici zokudla i-peas
Umanyolo kumele usetshenziswe ngaphansi kwekhasi ukwandisa isivuno, ukugqugquzela izimbali zesitshalo nokubopha ubhontshisi. Ekukhuleni kokuqala kwezithombo, i-peas kumele ikhuliswe ngokukhipha ukhula. Lokhu kuyadingeka lapho umsebenzi we-baculeia we-nodule usenamandla kakhulu futhi isitshalo sinokuntuleka kwe-nitrogen. Ukutshala iziqu zemaminerali ngesikhathi sesitshalo futhi ngaphambi kokusila kuyoba usizo kakhulu. Esikhathini sokuqala, kunconywa ukuba uchithe izitshalo ngesisombululo semanyolo eyinkimbinkimbi (3 g ngalinye 1 litre amanzi). Kudingekile ukuba amanzi phakathi kwemigqa, ngaphandle kokuwa emaqabeni asitshalo. Ngaphambi kwezimbali, i-peas kungcono ukondla umanyolo owomile, ngesilinganiso esingu-25 g ngalinye ngehora elilodwa lemitha.
Ushayela i-garter
Njengoba izitshalo ze-pea zibuthakathaka, futhi ekuboneni kokuqala kwesithelo, isitshalo siwela ekudleni komhlaba, sidinga i-garter sezihlahla ukusekela. Esikhundleni sokusekela sebenzisa izinduku zensimbi noma izikhonkwane zokhuni ezidinga ukunamathela emgqeni, kude no-1.5 wamamitha ukusuka komunye nomunye. Ngezikhonkwane noma izinduku, udinga ukuqinisa intambo noma ucingo kusiqondiso esinqunyiwe. Ukudubula ngamathambo kusekelwa ngentambo. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze i-peas ivuleke futhi ifudumele.
Izifo eziyinhloko nezinambuzane ze-peas
Izinambuzane ezivame kakhulu ze-pea ziyi-moth, ingadi kanye neklabishi inundu, kanye ne-pea moth. Ama-Shells kanye nama-scoops abeka amaqanda emaqabunga e-pea. Amacimbi ahlambalaza, ngisho nalabo asebeqedile, badla ingxenye yomhlabathi. Amagatsha amakhulu, ehlanganiswe emaqabunga ukuze abondle. Kodwa i-butterfly i-pea - i-moth, ibeka amaqanda emaqabini nasezithelo. Ngemuva kwesonto, baba ukudla izibungu. Isifo somzimba kanye nomsakazo ziphakathi kwezifo eziyinhloko ezingabangela i-peas.
Esokuqala yisifo sofungal ehlanganisa ukubola, ukuvunguza okumhlophe, okokuqala phansi kwesitshalo, bese kuthi sonke isitshalo. Ngemuva kwalokho, izithelo ziyafa, kanti amahlumela ngamaqabunga aphenduka amnyama abuye afe. I-Mosaic iyisifo esingelapheki, isifo sofuba, okubonakala kungagwenywa ngokubheka ukujikelezwa kwezitshalo nokuphathwa kahle kwembewu. Ukukhula okuncane, ukubukeka kwamazinyo emaphethelweni amaqabunga, kanye nokukhanda kwazo zonke izibonakaliso zemifanekiso.
I-Peas: kanjani ukuthola isivuno esicebile
Ukuvunwa kungaba sekupheleni kukaJuni. Ngabe i-pea ikhula kangakanani futhi incike ekutheni isitshalo sikhula kanjani futhi siyi-blooms. Uma iqhuma ekuseni, i-peas ivuthwe ngokushesha.
Uyazi? Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, lapho izithelo zokuqala zivuthwa engxenyeni engezansi yezitshalo ezivuthiwe, ukuvuna izinhlobo zamashukela ukuhla cishe ngesonto nengxenye. Yilapho leyo peas enhle kakhulu futhi enomnandi kakhulu.
Qoqa ama-peas, udinga uma ama-blades akhe uvuthwa futhi ungakwazi ukususa ubhontshisi obugcwele, hhayi obuningi. Ama-valves anenhlabathi eluhlaza futhi eluhlaza, futhi ubude obude bufinyelela ku-8 mm. Esikhathini sezulu esifudumele, kungcono ukuqoqa i-peas ngesikolo kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka (isibonelo, njalo kwezinsuku ezimbili), ngenkathi sezulu epholile - kwanele njalo ezinsukwini ezine. Uma ubutha uphizi ovuthiwe ngesikhathi esingalungile, khona-ke kuyoba nokuncipha kokuvuthwa kwesithelo esilandelayo. Ukuvuna kungcono kakhulu ekuseni uma kungashisi kakhulu ngaphandle, uma kungenjalo i-pea pods ingashesha ngokushesha.
