Ama-fern aluhlaza ayengabonakali njengento exotic ezishisayo. Kunalokho, umhlobiso oyingqayizivele wokwakha isakhiwo, ihhovisi noma i-alpine slide. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ziyashintsha kakhulu izimo zasekhaya. Emakhulwini eminyaka, izimangaliso zenkambiso zakhiwe ngezinkolelo nezinkolelo. Futhi izinkolelo sezifikile ezinsukwini zethu emandleni ayo omlingo nokuphulukisa. Abanye, ngokuphambene nalokho, bathi ngokudla kwesitshalo. Sizokutshela ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuba ukhule ekhaya, lokho okuthandayo kanye nokwesaba.
Uyazi? AmaShayina namaKorea anamuhla avela kwezinye izinhlobo ze-ferns alungiselela isaladi, ecabangela ukuthi lesi sitshalo sinika amandla wesilisa.
Indawo yokulala: incazelo
Amafernu yizitshalo zasendulo kakhulu. Emaplanethi Emhlabeni, babuyela emuva ngalezo zikhathi, lapho ama-dinosaurs egijima emahlathini asendulo. Namuhla, izinhlobo ezinjengomuthi, ezinotshani, ezomhlaba, eziphila emanzini ezitholakala emanzini zitholakala ezindaweni eziningi zomhlaba, kaningi ezindaweni ezitshalwe kakhulu, ezindaweni ezithuthuzelayo kanye nasezindaweni ezishisayo. Ukukhula kwesiko kukhuthazwa nabalimi bezimbali, bedlulisa umkhumbi kusuka kwesinye isandla kuya kwelinye. Futhi abalimi baye banakekelwa ukushisa kwamaqabunga amahlumela okuhlobisa, ukuze izimila zisetshenziswe emgwaqeni ngaphandle kokufakelwa kabusha ebusika.
Esikhathini sokuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobo zezitshalo zama-ferns kunomnyango wonke. Namuhla, ososayensi baqaphela ama-grey of culture angu-300 nezinhlobo zawo ezingaba ngu-10 000. Kodwa kulawa, imali encane kuphela iqala kahle ekhaya. Futhi akukho fern ekhaya elingenakukwazi ukusinda ukungabi nomswakama nokunakekelwa. Emahhovisi nasezindlini kuvame ukukhula nephrolepis, eyafika emaphandleni ethu aseMelika. 
Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obuhle, imbali isetshenziswa njengesitshalo esisodwa. Lifinyelela kunoma yikuphi ukungaphakathi nokushaya nge-juicy of amaqabunga aphihliwe, ahlakazekile ukusuka e-rosette esezansi kwe-waterfall. Ngezincazelo zemasiko ezenzweni zesayensi kuma-ferns, njengombuso, ungasebenzisi igama elithi "amaqabunga". Babizwa ngokuthi "wyayas" noma "amaqabunga amaqabunga", ngoba, isibonelo, ku-nephrolepis, esinye isihlahla sinezinkulungwane zamaqabunga amancane anamagciwane. Ezinye izinhlobo ziyakhula futhi ekhaya: nge-lanceolate, amaqabunga amancane ajikelezayo futhi afana ne-holly.
Izitshalo zithandwa kakhulu ekuhloleni kwezindlu zangaphakathi, abantu abaningi bayazi ukuthi u-fern ubonakala kanjani. Ngokuphambene nalezi zindaba, ezenza kube nesibindi kakhulu ngobusuku buka-Ivan Kupal ukuba anqume imbali ye-fern, ukuze unikeze umnikazi wayo amandla amakhulu, izitshalo ze-botanists zithi lesi sitshalo asisoze saluqhakaza. Kodwa ngisho leli qiniso alithinteli isiko lomhlobiso.
Uyazi? I-fern ingu-400 million ubudala ubudala. Wabonakala esikhathini se-Devonian ngenkathi yamaPaleozoic.
Ulwazi mayelana nobuthi kwezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo ludala abavuni bezimvini ezivuna izimbali, okwenza kube nokungabaza: ngabe i-flower fern ekhaya kufanele igcinwe ekhaya, kuyingozi. Ucwaningo lwezesayensi luzoqeda lokhu kunqunyulwa, ngenxa yalokho okuye kwaqalwa ukuthi igumbi lezinhlanzi liyanciphisa i-acids elimazayo elikhishwe ifenisha yanamuhla nezakhiwo zokwakha, i-formaldehydes, futhi ithola amandla angalungile. Ngakho ungazuza ngokuphephile iqoqo lonke. I-Adiantum, i-asplenium, i-tsirtrium, i-polypodium yegolide futhi ye-nephrolepis kufanele ibe mnandi kuyo.Lapho ungathola khona ikhaya lomuntu
Lezi zitshalo zithinta kakhulu. I-Nephrolepis ibhekwa njengekamelo elingaphansi elingenakuzithoba futhi elilungiswa kakhulu ukunakekelwa ekhaya. Kungatshalwa ekubhaliseni amabhasikidi, efasiteleni noma emasimini ephansi. Imbali idinga isikhala, ezimweni ezithuthukisiwe ama-juicy ayo, ukulenga phansi amahlumela angaphula, aphike emgqeni ongathandeki futhi alahlekelwe ukuhlobisa. Uma kungekho isikhala esiningi efulethini, kungcono ukucabangela inguqulo okwesikhashana ukuze ungathinti ama-leaf fan amahle uma uhamba.
Izitshalo ezinqwaba zithatha inqwaba ye-carbon dioxide, esikhundleni salokho. Ngenxa yalokho, emakamelweni anjalo alula futhi aphefumula. Ngokusekelwe kule nephrolepis kungcono ukufaka ekhishini noma egumbini lokuphumula. Gcina nje engqondweni: emagumbini agcwele umoya ogcwele ubusi imbali ngeke ikhule. Okungukuthi, uma ngesizathu esithile kungekho hood ekhishini, kungcono ukuhambisa ibhodlela kwenye indawo. Ukuze izitshalo zikhule ngokugcwele, i-fern yenziwa e-penumbra ehlobo. Futhi uma lokhu kungenakwenzeka, ngezikhathi ezithile umoya emoyeni, uvumela umoya omusha ukugeleza esihlahleni.
Ukushisa okucacile nomswakama we-fern
Uma amathiphu amaqabunga esilwane sakho ephuzi futhi ama-frond aqala ukuqhuma ngokuqinile, kubalulekile ukukhulisa umswakama ekamelweni. Ukuvimbela lokhu ukuthi kungenzeki, lesi sitshalo sivame ukufuthwa ngamanzi, futhi ngesikhathi sokushisa sisuswa kude nebhethri.
Kubalulekile! Ebusika, ukwandisa umswakama, abalimi bezimbali abanolwazi bafaka amathawula amanzi ngamabhethri noma bagcwalise itreyi ngamabhodlela aluhlaza, beka ibhodlela emgodini ogcwala ngamanzi futhi ehlanganiswe ngodaka.
Umoya wangaphakathi akumelwe ube owomile. Amasiko abuye abekezelele ukushisa. Indawo yakhe yasekhaya iyashisa, kodwa hhayi eshisayo, enomswakama kakhulu futhi ekhanyisiwe, kodwa hhayi ilanga. Ukushisa okunengqondo kwe-fern endlini kuphakathi kuka-15 no-22 degrees. I-lower the mark on thermometer, ephakeme umswakama. Kuyisici ukuthi imbali yasendlini ingamelana nezimo zokushisa kuze kube ngu-10 degrees Celsius uma ingenayo inhlabathi enomanzi. Kodwa izingcindezi ezinjalo zizobonakala esimweni senkambiso ngokubola kwezimpande nokuwohloka kwe "cap". Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma uqukethe i-nephrolepis ekushiseni okungaphansi kwama-degrees angu-15, isikhathi sokuphumula ngeke sifike kuye, imbali izokhula kancane kancane. Iwashi le-periodic liwusizo kakhulu kuye.
Amakhophi amancane, hhayi amanyene angabekwa efasiteleni lefasitela - lipholile ngokwanele. Ukuvuthiwe okungaphezulu ngeke kukhululeke ngenxa yesikhashana.
Kufanele kube ukukhanya
Amasiko athanda kakhulu ukukhanya. Uma ubeka ibhodlela elangeni ngqo, lesi sitshalo sizolahlekelwa yi-juiciness nombala we-saturation. Amaqabunga e-Nephrolepis azothola ukubukeka kwepulasitiki eyomile. Ngakho-ke, faka ibhodwe inconywa eduze kwewindi. Uma kwenzeka ikamelo lakho libheke ohlangothini olumile, amafasitela kufanele ahlanganiswe nge-tulle noma ephuphuthekile. UFern akufanele afakwe ekhoneni elimnyama - emthunzini isitshalo sizoyeka ukukhula futhi sizofa maduzane. Izinhlangothi ezisempumalanga nasenyakatho, eziseduze kakhulu nezimo zomdabu zesimenywa esishisayo, ziphelele: umthunzi okhethekile onama-sunspots.
Emahholo amahhovisi ehhovisi kanye nezinkampani ezinkulu zehhotela, ukungabi nesikhanyiso semvelo kubhalwa izibani zelanga, okusebenza amahora angaphansi kuka 14-16 ngosuku.
Indlela yokutshala i-fern (nephrolepis) ekhaya
Uma unquma ukuthola i-Nehrolepis enombala, enemibala, amahlumela ayo maduze azovala imbiza bese elula kakhulu phezulu nangaphezulu, sebenzisa iseluleko sabafundi abanolwazi ngezitshalo zasendlini:
- Ngaphambi kokutshala, hlola ngokucophelela uhlaka lwe-fern. Akufanele kube khona izinambuzane kuzo, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukukhipha isamba ku-nephrolepis.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi i-germ inezimpande eziqinile futhi eziqinile.
- Uma uthenga esitolo, khetha isibonelo esineminyaka engu-2-3 ubudala, kusukela izitshalo ezincane kakhulu zingakabi namandla futhi zingase zingahambisani nezimo ezintsha.
Kubalulekile! Ukuze uphuthule ngokugcwele udoti akuthathi izinyanga eziyi-1.5 - 2.
Ukukhethwa kwamandla nokulungiswa kwenhlabathi yokutshala
Amafregi afana nezimbiza ezingenalutho. Ekuqaleni zingaba isilinganiso, kodwa kufanele ziqondane ngokucacile nosayizi wesistimu. Esikhathini esitshalo esikhulu kakhulu siyovame ukulimala, futhi kancane kancane sizoyeka ukukhula. Yilungele ukuthi njengoba isitshalo sikhula kumele kudingeke sibe sesitsha esikhulu. Kumele kube nxazonke, ngaphandle kwemiphetho ephihliwe, ngoba uma ukuguqulwa kusuka ebhodweni elinjalo kuyoba lula ukuwela i-tuber yobumba.
Ukuze kukhule izimbali, ochwepheshe bayeluleka izimbiza zobumba, ezivumela izimpande ukuba 'ziphefumule' futhi zingabonakali izinto ezinobuthi kubantu. Akufanele ukwesaba ama-unesthetics awo angaphandle - maduzane amahlamvu aluhlaza azovala isitsha. Lezi zimbiza zikhulu futhi zizinzile, ngakho zingabamba imbali. Ukulimaza kwabo ukuthi ama-microbes kanye nezifo eziphilayo zingangena ohlelweni lwempande emoyeni.
Umhlabathi we-fern ulungiselelwe ngokulandela iresiphi ejwayelekile kakhulu: hlanganisa kahle ingxenye eyodwa ye-peat, i-humus, iqabunga noma indawo ye-sod bese ufaka izingxenye ezingu-0.2 zethambo lesidlo. I-substrate kufanele ibe yinto evulekile futhi igubungeleke, ibaba kancane. Ngokwesiko, i-pH level evamile engu-5 - 6.6. Ngakho-ke ukuthi amanzi ebhodweni awunami, ibhola lobumba obanzi lenziwa phansi.
Kuthengiswa inhlabathi eningi yamafern. Uma kungenakwenzeka ukulungisa i-substrate, ungayithenga.
Indlela yokutshala umninikhaya
Isikhathi esifanele kunazo zonke sokutshala yisihlobo sentwasahlobo. Uma wenza lokhu ekwindla, i-nephrolepis izolimaza futhi ithathe isikhathi eside ukuze ibambe. Kubalulekile emsebenzini ukuze ungalimazi iphuzu lokukhula futhi ungalivali nge-substrate. Ngaphambi kokutshala i-fern, udinga ukuwasebenzisa kahle, bese ubeka kahle isikhala esitsheni esilungisiwe bese usifafaza ngomhlaba omusha. Ngemuva kwalokho, uphinde uphinde udale imvelo enomanzi. Mayelana nendlela yokunakekela ama-ferns angaphakathi ekhaya, sichaza ngezansi.
Kubalulekile! Ama-old fern akhiqiza izinti ezihlutshiwe. Ukuvuselela isitshalo, udinga ukusika ngokucophelela iziqu ezomisiwe ngezikhali, ngaphandle kokulimaza impilo enempilo.
Abalimi bembali abavame ukuvuna imvamisa bavame ukubuza umbuzo: Uhlobo lwezinhlanzi luba kanjani? Endle, lokhu kwenzeka ngosizo lwezinhlamvu, ezibonakala ehlobo ngemuva kwamaqabunga. Ngaphandle, zibukeka njengezinhlamvu ze-oblong ezibomvu zombala obomvu. Ukuvuthwa, ama-spores avule futhi awele emhlabathini, lapho aqala khona izimpande ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuze sikhule ihlumela elincinci elincane, kuthatha isikhathi esiningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingxabano akuzona njalo ezifanele ukuhluma. Ekhaya, le ndlela ayikwenziwa. Isetshenziswa kuphela ngabachwepheshe.
Ngaphambi kokuba utshale inhlanzi, isiteji esikulungiselelayo sokulungiselela sihlala. Okokuqala, susa ngokucophelela okusanhlamvu okuvuthiwe ngommese, uqoqe ephepheni. Khona-ke isitsha encane sigcwele amanzi kanye nomhlabathi (kungcono ukuthatha ipulasitiki eyodwa enevivsi), i-substrate ithuliswa kahle futhi imbewu isongene kuyo. Kuhlanganiswe "ukushisa okushisa" kufakwe endaweni efudumele enezibani ezimbi futhi zihlelwe ngendlela ehlelekile. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezintathu, lapho kuvela amahlumela, isitsha sithunyelwa efasiteleni, susa njalo ikhava. Amahlumela aqinisiwe awakwazi ukumbozwa nhlobo, adinga ukunqunywa ibanga lika 2 - 2.5 cm komunye nomunye.
Indlela elula futhi ephumelelayo yokuzalisa ama-ferns ukuhlukaniswa kwama-rhizomes. Ngisho nezintsha ezintsha zingayiphatha. Ukuze uthole izitshalo eziningana kusuka kokuqala, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo uhlelo lwempande lomfutho omkhulu ovuthiwe luba izingxenye eziningana. Qiniseka ukuthi icala ngalinye linendawo yalo yokukhula. Isibonelo esincane sidinga ukunakekelwa okuthuthukisiwe nokunakwa okwengeziwe.
Kubalulekile! Ukuhlukanisa i-fern encane ehlathini lomama, ungagudli phansi emhlabathini. Uma kungenjalo, ihlumela lizolimala bese lihluma kahle. Kufanele ube ne-comas ezimbili zomhlaba nezitshalo ngaphakathi.
Ukuzala uFern
Abanye abalandeli be-floriculture yangaphakathi, baphendula umbuzo wokuthi ama-ferns aphindaphinda kanjani, engeza enye indlela. Ngokwemvelo yakhe kuzodinga amasiko amadevu aluhlaza. Ukugoba phansi, bengezwa ngendlela yokuthi iphoyinti iphuma futhi phakathi kuya phansi emhlabathini ngo-8 mm. Ngemuva kwamasonto amabili, uma nje i-substrate ihlale imanzi, izimpande ezintsha zizovela, futhi emva kokusuka okuncane kwe-shaggy. Isitshalo esiqinile esinama-3 - 4 wyaias sihlukaniswe nomzali futhi sitshalwe ebhodweni elihlukile. 
Ngemuva kokutshala noma ukutshala kabusha isitshalo, kubalulekile ukuvimbela inhlabathi ekumeni nokunciphisa umswakama emoyeni.
Izici ukunakekela ama-fern ekhaya
Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukunakekelwa kwe-fern yangaphakathi, khumbula izidingo zayo. Ahluke kakhulu kwezinye izitshalo. Okokuqala, isilwane sakho sidinga umswakama ophezulu ekamelweni, okufezwa nguhulumeni ovunyelwe ukushisa nokushiswa okuvamile kwamahlamvu. Ukudla okwesikhashana, ukukhanyisa okuhle, ukuchelela okuhlelekile nokuvimbela izinambuzane kuyadingeka. Uma wenza okuthile okungalungile, imbali engenakuqhathaniswa izokutshela ngokushesha ngakho: ingahle iphele, ifakwe "ngubuthongo" noma esimweni esibi kunazo zonke, ilahlekelwe amaqabunga nhlobo.
Indlela yokuphuza nokufiphaza i-fern
Mhlawumbe lokhu kuyisici esiyinhloko esivumelwaneni semifino yangaphakathi. I-nephrolepis yamanzi kufanele ibe uphawu lokuqala lokumisa ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi ebhodweni. Kumele kube semanzi, ngaphandle komswakama owedlulele. Kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise amanzi ekamelweni lokushisa (uthathe i-thawed, imvula, noma kusukela kumpompi, kodwa uhleleke kahle). Khumbula, kukho konke okubalulekile. Uma isihlahla sithela, izimpande zawo zizophela. Ubeka engozini yokulahlekelwa isifo uma uphefumula kakhulu isampula esomile. Buyekeza indlela yokuphuza lapho kwenzeka amaqabunga amaqabunga ephuzi futhi enqanyuliwe. Ngokuvamile lokhu kuyindlela yokusabela kokuntuleka komswakama.
Uyazi? Ezingxenyeni zethu, phakathi kwama-ferns enobuthi, i-gland yegciwane iyaziwa, equkethe izakhi ze-gluroglucins. Nokho, lesi sitshalo sisetshenziselwa imithi yokwenza izidakamizwa ze-anthelmintic.
Ebusika, emakamelweni ashisayo i-fern iniselwa njalo njengasehlobo. Ukuphalaza kwenziwa futhi izikhathi eziningana ngosuku. Ezikhathini nasezimpumalanga, ukuchelela okulodwa ngosuku kuyanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanzi kufanele aphethwe ukuze afike ngokuphelele kuwo wonke amafolda. Emazingeni okushisa angama-15-19 degrees Celsius, izinqubo zamanzi zingenziwa okungenani izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngesonto. Ukunisela nokuphalaza kwenziwa ngesikhathi esifanayo noma ngakwesinye isikhathi.
Imithetho eyisisekelo yokondla ama-ferns
Ukubukeka okungaphelele komuntu ofuna ukulimala nakho kubangelwa ukudla okunganele. Isikhathi sasehlobo sonyaka-sehlobo esihle sokudla. Njalo kabili ngenyanga, uthele umcengezi uhhafu-uhlanjululwe ngamanzi ngomanyolo obunzima we-mineral. Futhi eziphilayo ezifanelekayo: ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali ocebile we-fern kuyoba yincwadzi ewusizo ye-inkukhu yomquba. Ukuze kungabi ngaphezu kwamazinga futhi kungabi ukushisa ama-rhizome, abalimi abanolwazi banelulekisayo ukuba bachithe izinkukhu ngamanzi ku-1:50. Uma kuhlanganiswa ukuxilongwa okukhanya komxube, inani lamanzi liphindwe kabili.
Ngesihlahla esibonakala sengathi sinempilo, esikhula kahle, ukugqoka okuphezulu ngenyanga kuyanele. Izitshalo zichithelwa emigodini eyenziwe enhlabathini, okuzobe ivumelanisa.
Ihlanganisa ukufakelwa kwe-fern
Imbali ayidingi ukufakelwa kwesitshalo njalo. Isidingo sakhe sibonakala njengoba lo mkhakha ukhula. Njengomthetho, kwenziwa entwasahlobo, ekuqaleni kwenkathi ekhulayo. Amandla amasha okufakelwa kabusha kufanele kube ngu-3-5 cm amakhulu kuneyaphambilini. Uma utshala izitshalo ezinempilo, qaphela ukuthi ungalimazi izimpande. Njengoba bekhula, bayibopha ishubhu sobumba, ngakho-ke akusadingeki ukuba basunduze inhlabathi endala. Dlulela i-clod ngomhlaba bese utshala phansi phansi ebhodweni elibekwe yi-drainage, ulimboze ngomhlaba omusha uphinde uwuthulule kahle.
Kubalulekile! Ezimweni ezinhle, i-fern ikhula njalo ngenyanga ngo-10 - 15% ngobubanzi nangaphezulu.
Izifo ezithathelwanayo nezifo ze-Nephrolepis
I-fern ibucayi kakhulu kuma-parasites nezifo. Kodwa uma uyamnakekela kahle, akukho lutho olumsongelayo. Ngokuvamile lapho ukhula nge-Nephrolepis, abalimi bezimbali babhekene nezinkinga ezinjalo:
- Amaqabunga amnyama - ubufakazi bokutheleleka kwefungal ezimpandeni.
- Intsha, engakabi namaqabunga athuthukile aphuzi - isikhumba esihlahleni.
- Umbala omnyama nokuwa kwamahlamvu kubonisa umoya omile. Le ndawo igalela ekuthuthukiseni amaqabunga ama-aphid, ama-spider, ama-scit, nama-thrips.
- Ukukhula okuncane kwamahlumela nezinhlobo ezidabukisayo - isiko asikwazi ukuthuthukisa ngenxa yama-nematodes avela enhlabathini. Ukuze lesi sifo siqale ukuhlukumeza isitshalo sakho, kwanele ukuthululela amanzi abandayo kuso kanye.
- Uma uyinqobe ngokuphuza noma ukuphumula umbuso wokushisa, ukubola okungaphezulu kuyoqala.
