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Amagilebhisi

Izifo zomvini ezivamile kanye nokulawula okusebenzayo

Izifo zamagilebhisi - isongo esikhulu kulesi sitshalo. Izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu nezinkulu zihlala zithandwa kakhulu, naphezu komsebenzi wabalimi. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uthole isivuno esihle, udinga ukwazi ukuthi ukwelapha kanjani amagilebhisi ngezifo.

Uyazi? Amagilebhisi - isitshalo kuphela emhlabeni esihlola isayensi ehlukene - i-ampelography.

I-Necrosis yemikhumbi yezinkuni

Lesi sifo ngokuvamile sihlasela amahlumela amancane. Ngaphandle, kubonakala ekufakeni kwesibhakabhaka nokufiphala kancane kwezitshalo zezinkuni. Amagilebhisi abathintekile awela emuva ekukhuleni futhi angakwazi ukubhekana nezimo zezulu ezimbi (isomiso, umoya oqinile, iqhwa, njll). Isizathu sezazi zesifo sikholelwa isikhunta, esingene phakathi kwezinkuni ngesikhathi isitoreji sasebusika. Ukuvimbela nokulawulwa kwesifo kunconywa:

  • ngesikhathi sokulungiselela nokugcinwa komvini asisebenzisi izinto ezigcina umswakama, isibonelo, i-polyethylene;
  • Amaseli indlovukazi yamagilebhisi kufanele abe semhlabathini owodwa onogwaja omuhle;
  • ngezikhathi ezithile faka ama-boric fertilizer enhlabathini ngaphansi kwezitshalo zemifino.

Amahlumela ashisa

Akuyona isifo, njengoba kubangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwesifo somzimba phansi kwesigaba. Ivela ngemvula enamandla noma ukungabi nomswakama. Lesi sifo siphuthuma ngokushesha. Amachashazi angenawo ama-dotted and oblong wombala omnyama nomnyama. Lesi sifo sihlanganisa izingxenye ezijulile zehlumela.

Ukulwa nokumisa kungukuthi:

  • sishaye nge-0.75% i-magnesium chloride, i-0.75% ye-calcium chloride, noma ingxube yalezi zilungiselela (ukuhlushwa - 0.5%);
  • sishaye i-magnesium sulphate engu-3%.
Kuzo zombili izimo, ukwelashwa kwenziwa nge-interval of izinsuku ezingu-10 kuze kube khona ukushabalalisa ngokuphelele kwezibonakaliso zesifo.

Kubalulekile! Ngokuba amagilebhisi, ikakhulukazi ebucayi kwezidakamizwa, ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali akufanelekile. Kulesi simo, yenza umquba omuncu.

Alternaria

Esinye sezifo ezivame kakhulu zefungal amaqabunga omvini. Kubangela ekunqothulweni komswakama ophezulu nokushisa. Okokuqala, emaqabungeni avela ama-blotches okukhanya nezibonakaliso ze-necrosis phakathi. Khona-ke ishidi ligcwele ngokuphelele, isikhunta siyaqhubeka. Amajikijolo ayahluma, aqhakaze futhi angabi nhlobo.

Kubalulekile! Ukulwa no-Alternaria kufanele kuqale ngokushesha nje lapho amaqabunga wokuqala eqala emvini entwasahlobo.

Ochwepheshe esimweni sezilonda zesifo nalesi sifo batusa:

  • ukususa ngokucophelela amaqabunga awela phansi amagilebhisi, amahlumela afile, amagxolo, njll, njengoba kutholakala emaqanda ama-fungus;
  • ekuqaleni kwenkathi ekhulayo ukucubungula amagilebhisi e-Bordeaux liquid, bese - uma kudingeka, njalo ngezinsuku ezingu-10-14. Ungasebenzisa futhi izidakamizwa "i-Kvadris", "i-Rapid Gold", "i-Skor", "i-Kolfugo Super."

I-Armillaria

Igama lesibili le-fungal isifo sokubola. Kuboniswa ukugqotshwa kwezimpande zamagilebhisi, ziba zikhululekile futhi zilula, amaqabunga asomile. I-mushroom ingabonwa phansi kwehlathi ngenkathi iso. Isitshalo siyafa. Ochwepheshe bayeluleka:

  • ukumba imisele phakathi kwesivini namahlathi kanye nemifula yamahlathi ukuvimbela ukutheleleka nge-spores fungal;
  • ukubhubhisa izitshalo ezigulayo futhi uphathe inhlabathi ngaphansi kwazo nge-fungicides ene-copper.

Kubalulekile! Esikhathini esinegciwane, amagilebhisi awahlwanyelwe okungenani ngonyaka.

I-Aspergillus ibolile

Isifo samafayili amagilebhisi, esithinta amajikijolo esimweni esomile. Ekuqaleni, amabala amhlophe akhiwa amajikijolo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, bayabumnyama. Izindawo zemfundo ziba buthaka, zicindezelekile. Khona-ke amajikijolo aqala ukuhlakazeka, kuvela umbala omhlophe kuwo, bese-ke-mass mass brown. Amaqoqo abe yi-black observers. Izindlela zokulwa nalezi nezinye izifo ezithinta amagilebhisi avuthiwe zilandelayo:

  • isivuno esisheshayo lapho sesivuthiwe, ukuze singabi nesikhathi sokuthuthukisa ukubola;
  • Ukuhlanza ngokucophelela kwemifino kuhlala lapho i-fungus ihlala khona.

Ukubola okumhlophe

Isibangela sesifo yi-fungus. Ngokuvamile kuthinta isivini engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo, ngemva kwelanga noma isichotho. Igeleza ngokushesha kakhulu. Ngemuva nje kwamahora ambalwa, amajikijolo ayafa futhi ahlehle. Uphawu oluyinhloko lokubola okumhlophe esimweni esomile ukubonakala kwamachashazi ama-pinkish, nasezindaweni ezimanzi - ama-black specks. Amajikijolo ngabanye, ingxenye yeqembu noma lonke iqembu lingalimala. Ukuwa phansi, amajikijolo abathintekayo abe yindawo yokuzalanisa lesi sifo. Ukuvimbela nokulwa nokubola okumhlophe, lezi zindlela ezilandelayo zisetshenziswa:

  • qiniseka ukuphatha isivini "Kolfugo Super" noma "Fundazol" ngemuva kwesichotho;
  • awukwazi ukuthatha izihlahla ezihlahleni ezigulayo zokutshala;
  • Izihlahla eziye zaba nokubola ezimhlophe esikhathini esidlule ziphathwa nge-fungicides izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngezikhathi ezithile ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kabusha.

Ukubola kwe-Acid

I-harbinger yokuqala yalesi sifo kubonakala amajikijolo abolile abomvu ezindaweni ezivamile zamagilebhisi. Ngokuvamile, ukubola kwe-asidi kuthinta izinhlobo nge-pulp enomsoco nesikhumba esincane. Ngemva kwesikhashana, inani labo liyakhula, izithelo zezinsizi ziqala ukuhamba kuze kube khona iphunga lokubola. Ekuboneni lesi sifo kunconywa:

  • khipha ngobumnene wonke amaqoqo awonakele;
  • ukuphatha isivini ngesinambuzane, isibonelo, "Fitoverm", Bordeaux liquid noma spray ingadi sulfur.

Uyazi? Usosayensi waseFrance uPierre-Marie Alexis Milardé wasungula uketshezi lweBordeaux ngokuqondile ukulwa nezifo ze-fungal zomvini. Namuhla, lisetshenziselwa i-fungicide jikelele kanye namanye amasiko.

Grey ukubola

Lithinta amajikijolo, aqala ukuthunjwa, aqhume, bese ehlanganiswa neqhwa elimnyama. Njengoba kungekho zindlela eziphumelelayo zokulwa nalesi sifo, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekuvinjeni:

  • ngezikhathi zonke ukhulule inhlabathi ngaphansi kwesihlahla futhi uchithe ukhula;
  • isikhathi sokususa amaqoqo okugula;
  • utshale amagilebhisi kude kakhulu komunye nomunye ukuze uthole umoya owanele nokufudumala;
  • frayza ama-berries 1% isisombululo se-baking soda noma i-iodine yezokwelapha (amaconsi angu-30-40 we-iodine ahlakazwa ebhaketheni lamanzi). Ukwelashwa kwenziwa njalo emva kwezinsuku ezingu-10 ekusola okuncane kakhulu kwe-gray gray.

Ukubola okumnyama

Isifo se-fungal, esivame ukuthinta izivini eziseduze namanzi. Amajikijolo kancane kancane ashaka futhi aphenduke amnyama. Emswakama ophezulu, amafomu okubola okumanzi, futhi esimweni esomile basomile. Emva kokuwa emhlabathini kukhona abathwali besifo. Ngokubola okumnyama, izindawo ezikhanyayo ezinezibhakabhaka ezibomvu zivela emaqabunga, futhi izimbambo ezimnyama ezibonakalayo zivela ngeziqu. Njengoba lesi sifo singenakwelashwa, ukulwa nalo kufike ekuvinjeni:

  • ukubhujiswa kwamajikijolo anesifo, iziqu, amaqabunga;
  • ukuxosha izivini ezindala.

Bacteriosis

Ukutheleleka kuthinta amagilebhisi ngesikhathi sokukhula. Kubonakala ngokubonakala kwamabala anombala obomvu nama-pink kumajikijolo, anesakhiwo esibumbene. Esikhathini esizayo, amajikijolo ayomile. Bathukuthelisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sokushisa kwelanga.

Ukuvimbela nokwelashwa kunconywa:

  • ukuvikelwa kwezitshalo zamagilebhisi kusukela ekukhanyeni kwelanga;
  • ukususwa kwamajikijolo abathintekile;
  • silwe nezinambuzane ezibhubhisa igobolondo lamagilebhisi.

Umdlavuza wesibindi

Ukutheleleka kwebhaktheriya, isibonakaliso esiyinhloko sokubunjwa kwezidumbu ngaphansi kwe-cortex. Ngemuva kwamaqhwa ebusika, izibhamu ezinjalo ziqhuma, ziphazamisa ubuqotho bamagxolo.

Ukuze ukwelashwa nokuvinjelwa umdlavuza webhaktheriya wamagilebhisi okwenziwa ngalezi zindlela:

  • ukuvikelwa kwamahlumela amancane kusuka eqhwa;
  • ukugwema ukulimala komshini kunoma yikuphi ukuphathwa kwesitshalo;
  • ukususwa okwesikhashana kwamagatsha okugula; Ngalesi sikhathi ukusika kuphathwa ngesisombululo se-3% se-Bordeaux ingxube noma isisombululo se-5% se-sulfate enezinsimbi;
  • uma lesi sifo sishaye kakade amagilebhisi, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa umquba we-phosphorus-potassium, ususe i-nitrogen iminyaka eminingana. Ungasebenzisa futhi umlotha wokhuni.

I-Rubella igciwane

Ukutheleleka kwe-ukhunta kwenzeka nganoma yikuphi ukulimala kwamagatsha namagatsha. Izinhlamvu ezibuhlungu ziyiswa esitshalweni esincane nokhula nenhlabathi. Okokuqala, izindawo ezinemibala enombala ezibomvu zivela emaqulwini, futhi maduzane amahlamvu awela ngokuphelele. Izitshalo ezinjalo zezitshalo ziba abathwali besifo. Ukuvimbela nokwelashwa kwesifo:

  • ukubhujiswa kwamaqabunga abathintekayo;
  • ukumba njalo phansi kwenhlabathi ngaphansi kwezihlahla nokuhlunga ngokucophelela amahlumela;
  • ukwelashwa amanxeba emagatsheni ama-disinfectants;
  • ukushisa kwentwasahlobo yamagilebhisi amagilebhisi namafungicide (Ridomil Gold, ingxube yeBordeaux, njll); Amalungiselelo kumele asetshenziswe kokubili endaweni engenhla yamaqabunga kanye nangaphansi;
  • ukufaka umquba wamaminerali omhlabathi (isb., i-potassium nitrate) kanye namanyolo ephilayo, okwandisa ukumelana nalesi sifo.

I-necrosis esetshenzisiwe

I-necrosis yamagilebhisi esetshenzisiwe iyisifo se-fungal esibonakala ngokubonakala kwe-foci kwezicubu ezifile ngaphansi kwe-cortex. Amabala amnyama afanayo akhiwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nangamaqabunga. Ukuvimbela nokwelashwa kwesifo kufana nalokhu:

  • ukubhujiswa kwamaqabunga awile;
  • ukumba ngokujulile kwenhlabathi ngaphansi kwesitshalo;
  • ukusika izihlahla ngesikhathi esifanele, okunikeza umoya omuhle phakathi kwamahlumela;
  • ukugcina izinto zokutshala endaweni engenawo umoya;
  • ukwelashwa kwezithombo ngesisombululo se-sulfate esinawo (4%).

I-Oidium (i-powdery isikhutha)

Ngokunqotshwa kwamagilebhisi omvini we-oidium kuqala kuhlanganiswa nokuqhakaza okumhlophe ngamagqabunga amnyama. Ngokushesha amabala amnyama avela emahlumela, futhi amaqabunga awela. Ngaphandle, izingxenye ezithintekayo zesitshalo zibonakala zifafazwe ngomlotha. Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamagilebhisi, izithelo zomvini ziqhuma, i-gray grey nge-smell engemnandi ilandela kubo. Ukugqugquzela ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo kungaba yisimo sezulu esishisayo noma ushintsho olubukhali ekushiseni kwemoya.

Ukucubungulwa kwezithelo zomvini kusuka oidium kwenziwa ngesisombululo sulfure (1%). Kuphindaphindwa njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-10-12 kuze kube yilapho izimpawu zesifo ziphela. Ungasebenzisa futhi izidakamizwa ezikhethekile "i-Acrobat MC", "i-Carbis Top".

Kubalulekile! Akunakwenzeka ukuthi angeke athathe ukusakazwa kwezinto ezithintekayo zezitshalo ezithintekayo.

Bulala (isikhutha)

Lesi sifo sithinta zonke izingxenye zamagilebhisi. Iqala ngamachashaza amafutha amancane phezu kwamaqabunga, okwanda kancane kancane ngobukhulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iqabunga liyaba mnyama, limile futhi liwe. Okufanayo kwenzeka nalokho okuthintekile, iziqu kanye namajikijolo. Ngokuvamile lesi sifo siqala engxenyeni yesibili yentwasahlobo - ingxenye yokuqala yehlobo. Ukuvikelwa kwamagilebhisi kulezi zifo ezifanayo emvelweni yilezi:

  • ukushisa wonke amaqabunga awile;
  • ukumba ngasehlathini;
  • ukusika izihlahla zomvini ngesikhathi esifanele;
  • sishaye amahlumela ngamalungiselelo anethusi (i-Bordeaux ingxube, i-oxychloride yethusi) ngezigaba ezimbili (ngaphambi kokuqhakaza emva kwezinsuku ezingu-14). Ungasebenzisa izidakamizwa "Oxyh", "Kurzat", "Hom", "Polyhom".

I-Septoria

Elinye igama lesi sifo yi-melanosis. Isimo sezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo. Esikhathini sokuqala sesi sifo, i-foci encane encane ingabonakala emaqabunga. Ngomswakama ophezulu, isikhunta esiphezulu singase senze futhi ngaphansi kwemahlamvu. Ngokushesha limile futhi liwe, lihlale liphethe umuthi we-pathogen.

Phatha amagilebhisi ngokuphalaza ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-Bordeaux ingxube. (1%). Ukuze ukuvimbela lesi sifo kubhubhise ngokucophelela amaqabunga awile kanye nezihlahla ezilimazayo.

Indawo emnyama

Lithinta izingxenye ezingenhla zaleso sitshalo. Izimpawu zesifo yizi:

  • amachashazi amnyama emagqabeni, kancane kancane aphenduke amabala amnyama;
  • ukushintsha umbala wamajikijolo kuya emanzini amnyama, angokwemvelo, ukunambitheka kwabo kwehla;
  • ukuthuthukiswa kokubola emahlumela.
Ngezindawo zomvini ezimnyama, ukwelashwa nokuvinjelwa okunempumelelo kakhulu kuzoba:

  • ukusetshenziswa kwezinsalela zezitshalo ekwindla;
  • sishaye Bordeaux liquid noma "Euparenom" ngenkathi yokukhula.

Chlorosis

I-chlorosis yamagilebhisi ingaba yinto yomzimba engagciwane futhi engenasifo. Futhi eqinisweni, futhi kwelinye icala, lesi sitshalo siphazamisa inqubo evamile ye-photosynthesis, ngenxa yokuthi amaqabunga aphihlile. Ukukhula kwamahlumela kunciphisa, futhi amahlamvu asheshe adle futhi awe. Indlela eyinhloko yokwelashwa ihlanza izihlahla ezinamalungiselelo ensimbi, isibonelo, i-vitriol noma i-Brexil-chelate. Inqubo iphindwe izikhathi eziningana.

I-Cercosporosis

Entwasahlobo yalesi sifo singangcolisa izingxenye zonke ezingenhla zehlathi. Umthombo wokutheleleka yizinsalela zezitshalo ezigulayo. Ngesikhathi sokuqala, i-cercosporosis itholakala ngokubonakala ngakwesokunxele kwamaqabunga e-plaque yombala womnqumo namabala amnyama, okugcina ekugcineni. Amajikijolo anzima futhi asheshe. Ngokushesha amagilebhisi namahlamvu awela. Umgogodla uphethwe ngokusitshalaliswa kwe-Bordeaux liquid. Uma amagilebhisi angenanzuzo ekhethekile, ahlulwa.

Izifo eziningi zamagilebhisi zingagwenywa ngokususa ngokucophelela izinsalela zezitshalo emva kokuvuna nokusebenzisa ukwelashwa okuvimbela amagilebhisi ngamafungicide.

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