Isihlahla se-Apple Ishukela eliphuzi inezinzuzo ezimangalisayo uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo.
Inzuzo yalo enkulu ukuhlolwa okuphezulu kwe-organoleptic kanye nezimfanelo zomthengi ezimangalisayo zesithelo.
Isihlahla ukumelana kokubili frost nesomiso. Ayidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile.
Uhlobo luni?
Izinhlobo ze-Apple Ushukela ophuzi lubhekisela izinhlobo zehlobo.
Ukuvuthwa kwenzeka ekupheleni kuka-Agasti. Umuthi we-Apple ubhekisela kuhlobo olubusika-oluqinile lwezithelo zezithelo. Okumaphakathi okumelene nesiko.
Ibonakala ngokuvunwa okuphezulu nokumelana nesomiso.
Ukuphepha kwezithelo ngokwesilinganiso kuze kufike ezinyangeni ezimbili, noma kunjalo, kuxhomeke kulo Ukugcina kahle ama-apula:
- lokushisa - 0 ° C;
- umoya ohambelana nomswakama - 90-95%;
- ukugcinwa kweziqukathi zokhuni kuyadingeka;
- izithelo ukulinganisa ngobukhulu.
Izinhlobo ze-apula zasehlobo zihlanganisa: uJuly Chernenko, Quinti, Red ngasekuqaleni, i-Summer striped, Southern, Glory kuya onqobayo, uSoltstsedar, uSiyanets Solntsedara, Terentyevka, Chudnoe, Yubilyar, Yandykovskoe, Apple Spas, uRobin, uPapirovka.
Ukuvota
Ukutshala impova kwenzeka ngenxa yempova yezimbali ze-apula kolunye uhlobo oluhlukahlukene, njengoba i-apula iyinhlobo engenazo izithelo. Okungcono, izitshalo zezitshalo ezinhlobonhlobo ezimbili ekude kwamamitha amahlanu ukusuka komunye nomunye.
Incazelo ye-sugar grade yaseBanga
Ukubonakala komuthi we-apula kubonakala ngokuphakama kwesihlahla esijwayelekile, umqhele omningi wombala ocebile nokukhanya okuluhlaza, izithelo ezinkulu.
Ukukhula okusheshayo, okude, ngezinye izikhathi kudlule u-8 m.
Ngokwemvelo, lesi sihlahla sinjengokuhluka kweziShayina. Amagatsha anemibala ephuzi e-orange.
Umqhele uhamba kancane futhi uphansi. Amahlumela aphuzi okwesibhakabhaka, omncane futhi aqondile.
Umbala ohlaza okhanyayo we-Leaf, omkhulu. Unomumo owenziwe nge-sertations emaphethelweni.
Amanqina ahlanjululwa futhi ahlala isikhathi eside. Izihlahla zama-apula zesiShayina zivame ukusetshenziselwa izinhloso zokuhlobisa. Ukuhluma nge-kolchatka.
Ngokwesayizi medium (isilinganiso isisindo isisindo 150 amagremu), ukuma nxazonke. Umbala wesithelo uhlehle ngokuphuza okwesibhakabhaka ngemivimbo embala wombala obomvu.
Inyama ye-apula inemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nge-tinge ephuzi, ukuguquka kwe-grainy. Ama-apula okumnandi ukunambitha ngomunambithe omuncu. Isikhumba sibhebhezela nge-bloom yaxy. Amaphuzu okunambitha angama-4.5-4.7.
Isithombe
Umlando wokuzala
Ukuhlukahluka kohlobo lweshukela kuzalwa ngenxa yombelethi I-Belovu G.A. epulazini elihlangene elibizwa ngokuthi Kirov Kubeno-Ozersk esifundeni saseVolgograd.
Isizinda Sokuqala
Indawo yokukhula kwemvelo kwe-apula Sugar iphuzi Isifunda saseNyakatho-ntshonalanga yaseRussia
I-apula ejwayelekile kakhulu yalezi zihlukahlukene itholakala esifundeni saseVolgograd.
Ngaphansi kwemithetho eyisisekelo yokunakekelwa nokutshala kwe-apula, iyogxila kunoma iyiphi inhlabathi.
Ukuthela
Isihlahla siqala ukuthela izithelo wesine, esiphezulu ngonyaka wesihlanu emva kokufika. Ama-akhawunti wokuvuthwa ama-fruit for phakathi no-Agasti. Isikhathi somthengi siqala ekupheleni kuka-Agasti futhi sihlala kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Okthoba.
Umkhiqizo wezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-Sugar ayiyona ephakeme, ngenxa enkulu i-apple yokuchitha. Izithelo zika-Apple elibhekene nokuthuthwa okuhle.
Ukuhluma okuvamile, ngonyaka. Ngokwesilinganiso kusuka esihlahleni esisodwa susa kufika ku-100 kilograms yesitshalo.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Isivuno kanye nobukhulu bezithelo ze-apula ehlukahlukene e-Sugar Yellow ezihlukahlukene zixhomeke ekunakekeleni. Lapho utshala isihlahla usebenzisa umquba omdala.
Ukunakekela isihlahla sama-apula akudingi umzamo omkhulu, ngoba lezi zinhlobonhlobo akuyona into ekhangayo emhlabathini futhi ayinamathele ezifweni ezifayo.
Izihlahla ze-Apple zalolu hlobo zihlwanyelwe kunoma yiziphi izinkathi ezintathu zonyaka: ekwindla (ngasekupheleni kuka-September - ekuqaleni kuka-Oktoba), entwasahlobo (ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli), ehlobo (ngasekupheleni kuka-July).
Njengoba kubonisiwe, kungcono ukukhetha isikhathi sokuwa sokutshala izinhlobo Ushukela ophuzi.
Ukuze umuthi ukhule uqinile, unempilo futhi unhle, into yokuqala okudingekayo ukukhetha isithombo esifanele.
Kubalulekile ukukhetha izithombo ngenqubo yezimpande ezithuthukile futhi ukuzithenga endaweni ehambisana nezimo zezulu.
Uma izithombo sezivele zithengwe, kubalulekile ukukhetha indawo efanele yokutshala i-apula.
Izimpawu ezisemqoka zendawo efanele yokutshala ushukela ophuzi:
- insimu engekho emnyama;
- ukungabi nomoya;
- Izindawo zokuhlala zihanjiswa kahle;
- ukuze umuthi ukhule uqine futhi ulethe isivuno esikhulu, kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise umhlabathi we-loamy;
- izindawo ngaphandle kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba;
- ukulungisa kahle umgodi wokufika.
Iphuzu elibaluleke kunazo zonke ohlelweni lokufika libhekwa ukulungiselela izimbobo zokufika.
Imingcele efanele yomgodi wokutshala i-apula yalezi ezihlukahlukene: 1x1x0.7m
I-algorithm yokufika ilula.
Ingqimba ephezulu yomhlaba ovuliwe ixubene nocansi olungezansi futhi le miquba elandelayo ithuliswa:
- 18-20 kg yemifino yamahhashi;
- 250 amagremu ezinkuni;
- 250 g we-superphosphate;
- 100 amagremu we-potassium sulfate.
Umgodi ugcwele ingxube yomhlaba ngamanyolo ku-2/3.
Inhlabathi evundile ngaphandle komanyolo ithululelwa phezulu. I-Pit yaphuzisa futhi iphinda igcwalise ungqimba lomhlabathi ovundile.
Manje ungakwazi ukutshala ngokucophelela umuthi we-apula, mhlawumbe ngosizo lomuntu.
Ngemuva kwalokho, qiniseka ukuyibopha emgodini wezinkuni yi-figure eyisikhombisa.
Ekuqaleni, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-sugar apple azidingi ukunakekelwa.
Entwasahlobo, ngonyaka wesibili ngemuva kokufikakubalulekile ukubamba Ukwakhiwa komqhele oqhamukayo womuthi we-apula.
Kubalulekile ukunciphisa ekupheleni kwegatsha ngalinye.
Eminyakeni emibili yokuqala, KUBALULEKILE ukuthi i-apula ibe ziboshelwe isikhonkwane sezinkuni (kungcono ukusebenzisa i-linden noma i-hazel tree).
Ukunakekelwa okuyisisekelo phakathi neminyaka yokuqala emithathu kuya kwemibili emva kokutshala:
- ukubopha izihlahla ukuvikela emagundeni kanye nezinhlamvu (impahla - isikhumba, lapnik);
- ukuxubana nemibuthano ye humus pristvolnyh;
- ukusika izimbali eziyi-80-100%, ukuze zingatheli izithelo;
- ukuphakama phansi kuze kube ukuphakama kwamamentimitha angamashumi amabili;
- ukuchelela kwezihlahla ezinezixube ezivikela izilokazane.
Eminyakeni eyalandela, izinqubo ezifanayo zenziwa ngaphandle kokuqala (ngoba izinduku ngeke zifinyelele amahlumela) kanye nesikhundla sesithathu.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Izihlahla eziphuzi eziphuzi ziphikisana kakhulu nezifo ezihlukahlukene ze-fungal. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokwelapha i-apula ezifweni ze-fungal ukuvimbela.
Izinyathelo eziningi ezengeziwe eziletha umthelela wokuvimbela izifo ezihlukahlukene ze-apula:
- impova ye-sulfur colloidal kanye nama-copper;
- ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobonhlobo ngokumelene nesifo;
- ukubhujiswa kwezakhi ezithintekile;
- ukufaka umquba we-potash nohlobo lwe-phosphorus;
- umlotha wenhlabathi;
- ukwakheka komqhele;
- feed nge umquba umquba;
- I-calcium chloride yokuphalaza ngenkathi yokukhula;
- isivuno esifike ngesikhathi;
- isitoreji esifanele sama-apula.
Ukuthobela okungenani isigamu sezikhundla ezingenhla kuzosindisa umuthi wakho ezifweni ezinjenge-scab, isikhumba se-powdery, ukubola kwezithelo, ukushisa amabhaktheriya nezinye eziningi.
Cwaninga kafushane izibonakaliso nezimbangela zabanye babo.
Iskena sici - ukunqotshwa kwamaqabunga esihlahla kuqala, bese kunqotshwa isithelo.
Isizathu sokubukeka kwale fungus ngokuvamile kuvame ukuqhuma umoya ngaphakathi komqhele wesihlahla noma ukukhuphuka komswakama.
Izibonakaliso zokuqala ze-scab zibukeka ngamabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emaqabunga, futhi enombalwa omkhulu obuncane obuncane, ekwenzeni i-crust, amabala ezithelo.
Ukushiswa kubangelwa yi-bacterium Erwinia amylovora. Izihlahla ezinesifo angeke zelashwe, ngeshwa. Kudingeka babhujiswe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze bangaphathanga izinhlobo ezikhulayo eziseduze. I-agent ye-causative yinto yokuhlukanisa.
Izibhamu ezinzima ngokuvamile kuvame ngenxa ye-calcium enganele ngokwanele emhlabathini, ukulinganisa ngokweqile kwamanyolo we-nitrogen, umswakama ophezulu, isikhathi sokuvuna sekwephuzile, nezimo zokugcina ezingafanele.
Lesi sifo sibonakala ngesimo samabala omnyama esicindezelekile futhi sithinta isisu ngendlela emibili: esihlahleni nangesikhathi sokugcina.
Isifo esilandelayo senziwa kaningi ngemva kwemvula enzima.
Idonsa likaMealy - lesi sifo sefungal.
Isibonakaliso saleso sifo siwukubukeka kwe-mycelium ukhunta ngesimo seqhwa elimhlophe emaqabunga emithi. Ukwelashwa kwenzeka emthini kusuka phansi kuze kube yilapho kuhlaselwa ngokuphelele esihlahleni.
Apple ezihlukahlukene Yellow Sugar uletha izithelo ezinhle, ezihlwabusayo ngezimfanelo ezinhle zabathengi kanye nokuphila okude isikhathi eside. Njengoba kulungiswa okukhethekile, isitsha sesitshalo sizokhula kunoma iyiphi inhlabathi.
Isihlahla asidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Ukumelana kakhulu nezifo ezihlukahlukene. Uma kunqotshwa izinambuzane, ukwelashwa akudingi umzamo omkhulu. Impendulo yodwa kuphela ukuchithwa okuqinile kwezithelo.
Buka ividiyo mayelana nokuvikela i-apple esihlahleni esiyizinambuzane nokuyikhathalela.
