Indlela yokulungisa izinyosi ebusika: ukwakheka kwesidleke

Bonke abafuyi bezinyosi bayazi ukuthi ekwindla kubalulekile ukulungisa indawo yezinyosi ngesikhathi sasebusika bese kuqeda inkathi ngenqubo evunyelwe - ukwakha izidleke zezinyosi ebusika. Kuyadingeka ukuthi izinambuzane ziphumelele ebusika ngesikhala esiphezulu sokuphila. Indlela yokwenza, funda ngezansi.

Nini ukuqala?

Okokuqala, sincoma ukuthola ukuthi ukubunjwa kwezidleke kuyadingeka nini futhi nini ukuqala le nqubo.

Iqiniso liwukuthi ukuba usendle, izinambuzane ngokwayo zikwazi ukubhekana nokunikezwa kokudla okudingekile, kanti ubukhulu bomculi wabo buxhomeke esimweni somndeni. Kodwa endaweni yezinyosi, lapho umnikazi engumuntu ongenelela njalo emsebenzini obalulekile wezinyosi, ngezikhathi ezithile esusa ifreyimu, ekhetha uju, ekhulisa noma esika izidleke, izinambuzane azikwazi ukwenza lokhu, futhi ukusatshalaliswa kokudla kubonakala kungalingani. Ngakho-ke, badinga usizo ekubunzeni kahle izidleke. Kusukela emva kokulinganisa kokugcina koju, bamane bengenawo isikhathi esanele sokwenza umyalelo emcimbini. Ukusatshalaliswa kokudla okungalingani kungaholela ekubambeni ukuthi abanye abantu bazobe bengadli kahle futhi ngeke baphile kuze kufike entwasahlobo.

Kubalulekile! Ukwakheka okuhle futhi okwesikhashana kwezidleke kuthinta ngqo izinga lebusika le-bee colony, ukuphepha kwalo, inhlalakahle kanye namakhono okusebenza kule nkathi entsha.

Inqubo yokulungiselela izinyosi zokubusika kanye nokwakhiwa kwesidleke, njengomthetho, iqala ukuqhutshwa ekupheleni kwehlobo noma ekuqaleni kwekwindla - ngokushesha ngemva kokuqoqwa koju oluyinhloko.

Le nqubo ihlanganisa imisebenzi eminingana:

• ukuhlolwa kwemindeni;
• ukucacisa ubuningi bokushiya izinyosi ebusika;
• ukondla izinyosi;
• ukuzimisela kwenombolo edingekayo yamafomu;
• ukwakha isidleke.

Ukondla izinyosi

Yiqiniso, ukhetho oluhle kunazo zonke lokubhakabhaka lwezinambuzane ukupheka uju wemvelo, uju. Kuzodinga cishe ngo-10-13 kg umndeni ngamunye (awuhambisani nesikhwama nomqhele). Ngokuphelele, ukudla (kufaka phakathi uju wemvelo nesiraphu) umndeni ngamunye udinga 20 kg (ezindaweni eziseningizimu - 15-16 kg).

Noma kunjalo, lokhu akunakwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi kulokhu, lo muntu kumele ahlanganyele ekulungiseleleni inani elidingekayo lokudla.

Funda ngezakhiwo ezihlukahlukene kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo enjalo yokuloba njenge-wax, i-pollen, i-propolis, i-zabrus, i-perga, i-royal jelly kanye neqiniso-uju (omnyama, i-maple, umhlonyane, i-espartsetovy, i-phacelia, i-rapeseed, i-acacia, kungenzeka, i-clover, i-lime, i-buckwheat, i-chestnut kanye nabanye), okubhekwa njengumkhiqizo owusizo kakhulu wezinyosi.

Ukondliwa kakhulu kwezinyosi kuyisinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu futhi esibalulekile ekulungiseleleni izinyosi ebusika, ngoba akekho okwazi ukunquma ngokunembile ukuthi uju okhiqiziwe unomgangatho ophezulu, nokuthi yiliphi izinga lezinyosi. Yondla izinambuzane ngesiraphu ishukela.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu kunenhloso eminingana:

• ukuhlinzeka izinyosi ngesilinganiso esifanele sokudla futhi ngaleyo ndlela zizisize ngempumelelo ngenkathi ebandayo;
• ukukhokhela uju oluhoxiswa ngumuntu;
• shintsha uju olungcono kakhulu;
• sebenzisa izindlela zokuvimbela izifo.

Ukuze uthole ukuthi ingakanani isiraphu edingekayo, kudingeka wenze izibalo ezilinganiselwe:

• Ngokwesilinganiso, umzila owodwa ohlahleni lukaDadan uzodinga u-2 kg wesondlo (isisindo soshukela, hhayi isiraphu);
• emgwaqweni owodwa wesakhiwo Ruta - 1.75 kg.

Kuze kufike ku-30% wezingqikithi zesamba esiphezulu se-feed singashintshwa ngunyosi olungiselelwe izinambuzane ezivela isiraphu ishukela.

Inani lesiraphu lingabalwa kuye ngokuthi ubude obuningi buyadingeka. Isibonelo, uma udinga u-10 kg uju ukuze uthole ukudla, khona-ke udinga ukuthatha u-10 kg ushukela ukwenza isiraphu.

Uyazi? Ukuze uthole i-spoon eyodwa yobusi, izinyosi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili zidinga ukusebenza usuku lonke. Futhi ukuze umuntu oyedwa aqoqe i-kilogram eyodwa yoju, udinga izimbali eziyizigidi ezingu-8. Ngosuku angakwazi ukuhamba ngalo izitshalo eziyisikhombisa eziyisikhombisa.

Sinikeza izincomo ekulungiseleleni isiraphu ephezulu:

1. Ukuze ulungiselele, kudingekile ukuthatha amanzi aphathwe kahle, angenamandla.
2. Ushukela kufanele uhlanjululwe, ikhwalithi ephezulu. Ungasebenzisa ushukela we-cane ne-beet.
3. Izilinganiso eziphakanyisiwe: 1.5 kg ushukela ngalinye ilitha lamanzi abilayo.
4. Isiraphu kufanele ibe nkulu.

Ukulungisa ilitha elilodwa lama-siroyi angu-70%, udinga u-0.9 kg ushukela nama-0.5 amalitha amanzi;

• ngo-60%, udinga ukuthatha u-0.8 kg ushukela no-0.6 l wamanzi;
• 50% - 0.6 kg ushukela no-0.6 l wamanzi;
• 40% - 0.5 kg ushukela kanye 0.7 l amanzi.

Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi emgodini owodwa wamanzi ungabamba u-0.7-0.8 kg ushukela.

Engeza bese uvuselela ushukela odingekayo ngemuva kokususwa kwamanzi esitofu. Uma kungenjalo, isiraphu izophuma ifakwe.

Ngemuva kokuba isiraphu isilahlile ekushiseni okungama-40 ° C, ungangezela uju wemvelo (cishe u-10% wevolumu yenani le-isiraphu) kuwo.

Umbuzo wokuthi ngabe kuyadingeka yini ukuthi usebenze ngokugcwele ngokwenza isiraphu ihlale iphikisana nanamuhla. Abacebi bezinyosi abanolwazi bayelulekwa ukuba bangazi. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, njengalezi zincwadi, umuntu angathola ulwazi ukuthi izinambuzane eziphethwe yisiraphu e-acidified zibekezelela kangcono ubusika kangcono.

Ukuze unqume ukuthi uzokwenza yini isiraphu noma cha, umlimi wezinyosi uzodingeka akwenze yedwa. Uma isinqumo esinjalo senziwe, ama-cubic metres angu-4 azofakwa kwisiraphu. cm 70% i-acetic essence ngayinye ka-10 kg ushukela noma i-3 cu. cm ye-acetic acid nge-10 kg ushukela.

Kunconywa ukondla izinyosi ezincane (kufika ku-1 l) futhi ezinkulu (kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-3 l) ukulinganisa kuye ngokuthi ubukhulu bomndeni. Ukondla kuthululwa kubaphakeli bezinkuni, okubekwe phezulu phezulu kwenyoma. Futhi kufanelekile kule njongo yizimele ezikhethekile zokudla. Uma kungabikho amadivaysi anjalo, ungadlulisela isiraphu kumuntu ophuzayo ngembiza yeglasi noma ebhodleleni lepulasitiki ngemigodi. Ukudla kungagcwaliswa futhi kuphephe emkhathini, okungahlali kahle.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu kufanele kwenziwe kusihlwa ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sekwindla. Uma izinyosi ziye zaphela iminyaka, akukho izitshalo eziqhakazayo ezibonakalayo eduze, futhi okuyisisekelo sokuqothulwa koju kuphelile - lokhu kuyisignali sokuqala ukudla.

Kubalulekile! Uma ukondla, kubalulekile ukuvimbela isiraphu ukungena esidlekeni noma eduze kwayo.

Isikhathi sokudla sizoxhomekeka esifundeni lapho kutholakala khona izinyosi. Ezindaweni eziseningizimu kungenziwa kukhiqizwe kuze kube sekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, kwezinye - kuze kube yiminyaka eyishumi yokuqala kaSepthemba.

Uma ukudla sekuphelile, lokhu kungaholela ekutheni izinambuzane zingenaso isikhathi sokucubungula ukudla ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwesizukulwane esisha. Ukucubungula kwabantu abasha abashayelwayo. Ukuzaliswa kwezinhlanyelo ezithatha isikhathi eside kuthinta izinga kanye nobuningi boju.

Ukondla okwesikhashana nakho kubhekene nokubonakala kwesifo ezifana ne-Nosema ezinambuzane.

Uma, nganoma yisiphi isizathu, kukhona ukubambezeleka kokuqala kokuncelisa, ngakho-ke uma kwenzeka inani elincane lezinyosi, imifuba ivaliwe futhi ihanjiswe ekamelweni elinokushisa kuka-14 ° C. Lapho, ukudla kwesiraphu kwenziwa ngezinsuku ezine kuya kwezinhlanu. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, ubufakazi buzodinga ukubuyiselwa endaweni yayo yokuqala. Ukuze kuvikelwe izifo ezihlukahlukene ezidakamizwa ezijova. Kodwa lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela futhi uhambisane nemilinganiselo ephakanyisiwe. Ukuphathwa okungalungile kwezidakamizwa kungabangela ukugwinya kwamathumbu emathunjini ngezinambuzane.

Uyazi? Inani lezinyosi lapho ikoloni eyodwa yezinyosi ekwazi ukuqoqa phakathi nenkathi yi-420 kg.

Futhi ekuphetheni kwencazelo yalesi sigaba, singathanda ukukwazisa ukuthi namuhla kukhona isiraphu esilungiselelwe ngokukhethekile ekondla ukondla kwezinyosi esezivele zihlukanisiwe. Ngokusho kwabakhiqizi, ukusebenzisa isiraphu esinjalo, izinambuzane azikhathali, zibukeka zingcono futhi zizizwa zinamandla entwasahlobo.

Ukuhlolwa komndeni

Ukulungela isidleke kuya ebusika kungenziwa ngokuhlolwa komndeni. Le nqubo izobona izinkinga futhi ikulungise ngesikhathi.

Kubalulekile! Uma senza lesi sigaba sokulungiselela ubusika, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi izinyosi zihlukumezeka ngalesi sikhathi, ngakho-ke, uma usebenza ngomuthi, kubalulekile ukunamathela ezinyathelweni zokuphepha, ukusebenza kumaski nezembatho.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, umlimi wezinyosi kufanele anqume:

• iminyaka yobubele;
• inani lama-brood;
• amanani kanye nekhwalithi yokudla;
• isimo jikelele sezinambuzane;
• isimo somswakama.

Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ekupheleni kwesifumbathiso esikhulu, ngolunye lwezinsuku zikaSepthemba kusihlwa.

Into yokuqala okufanele uyiqaphele ngesikhathi sokuhlola ukuphakela: ingabe kukhona khona ngokwanele ukuze ubusika? Uma ivolumu idlulele, khona-ke ukudlula kuyodingeka kususwe. Uma, ngokwezibalo zakho, ukondla akwanele, khona-ke uzodinga ukondla umndeni noma ukuletha ifreyimu. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwakuhambisana namarekhodi lapho izinto ezilandelayo zizoboniswa khona:

• unyaka wokuzalwa kwesibeletho kanye nekhono lokuzala inzalo;
• inani lezinyosi nezitaladini, isimo semindeni;
• inani lokudla;
• inani lamakheli asele ebusika.

Uma uhlela ukwandisa i-apiary yakho, kuyoba usizo kuwe ukuthi ufunde mayelana: izindlela zokuzalisa izinyosi zezinyosi, ukukhiqiza izinyosi ngokubeka, ukuthungatha, izindlela kanye nemishini yokubamba izinyosi zezinyosi, kanye nezigaba zokuthuthukiswa kwezibungu zezinyosi.

Ekuhloleni isimo semindeni, kuyovezwa ukuthi yikuphi okuqinile futhi okubuthakathaka. Ukuze kuvikelwe ukuqedwa komndeni obuthakathaka ngokucacile, kuyadingeka ukuba unakekele ukubambisana kwawo nabantu abanamandla ngesikhathi.

Kumele ulalele nenani lezinyosi. Uma sezivele zivame, khona-ke inqubo yokwakha umndeni ingaqedwa ngokususa ukugxila nokubeka umoya omuhle kuze kube nokwakhiwa kweqembu.

Ukunciphisa kohlaka

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuhlanganisa isidleke, kufanele unciphise inani lamafomu. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ukondle wonke amalungu omndeni. Ukushiya wonke amafreyimu, izingozi zezinyosi zezinyosi lapho izinyosi zihlala khona kulabo abangenakho ukudla nhlobo, noma iklabhu izohlukaniswa zibe izingxenye ezimbili, futhi akuyona into enhle, njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi ingabhubhisa ukufa komndeni wonke. Ngakho-ke, lesi sigaba sibaluleke kakhulu ekwakheni indawo ekhululekile yokubanda izinambuzane. Ukunqunywa kwenani elidlulele lamakheli kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komndeni. Ngemuva kokuhlola okuqala, kuzodingeka ukuthi uhlole kabusha isimo somuthi kanye nezinambuzane kwamanye amasonto ambalwa. Uma kunesidingo, yenze izikhathi eziningana. Ukuhlolwa ngalunye kuzodinga ukususa ifreyimu okungenayo imbewu.

Ukuze unqume ukuthi zingaki ozimele okumele zisuswe, kumele uvule isilondolozi sezinhlangothi zombili. Zonke ozimele ezingabanjwa yizinambuzane kuzodingeka zisuswe.

Kanye nale nqubo, isidleke sezinyosi sihlangene ebusika.

Izinketho zomhlangano we-Nest

Kunezinketho eziningi zokwenza isidleke ukuze zonke izinyosi zikhululekile futhi zibe nokudla okwanele:

Ihlangene kabili. Isetshenziswe ebufakazini, lapho kuhlala khona imindeni eqinile emigwaqweni engu-9-12. Isikimu sakhe yilokhu: phakathi nendawo kukhona amafomu enoju kanye ne-perga emanzini amabili kuya kwezine kanye nomthamo woju 2 kg. Ezingxenyeni zombili zalezi ozimele zibekwa uju ngokuphelele noju kuze kufike ku-4 kg. Ngokuvamile, inani lamafreyimu kufanele lihambisane nomthamo wesondlo ka-25-30 kg.

I-Unilateral noma i-angular. Kufaneleka emindenini enezimo eziphakathi, eyakha imigwaqo eyisikhombisa noma eyisishiyagalolunye ngaphambi kobusika. Ngalendlela, uhlaka lwezinyosi olugcwele lubekwe ekugcineni, amafolda alandelayo ahlelwe ngokuhlehla. Uhlaka lokugcina kufanele luqukathe ukudla okungu-2-2.5 kg. Bonke abanye basesitokisini.

Intshebe encane. Imindeni ebuthakathaka. Phakathi nendawo ubeke ifreyimu egcwele, esikhathini esizayo - ngokuhlehlisa. Ukunikezwa kokudla kufanele kube ngu-10-15 kg. Ukuze izinyosi zilandele kahle ukudla, imigoqo yezinkuni ihlelwe ngokuzenzekelayo njengama-guidebooks.

Funda ukuthi ungakha kanjani ngezandla zakho: Ikhandlela, ukuhlanzwa kwe-wax, udoti womuncu, umgodi emcimbini, i-apilift, ikamelo lokushisa, inyosi, isidleke sika-Dadan, isidleke sase-Alpine, i-Beehive Varre, isidleke esinezinhlanga eziningi, futhi ufunde nendlela yokwakha inkundla yezinyosi.

Kukhona futhi inketho ebizwa "indlela yeVolahovicha". Ngalendlela, ukugqoka okuphezulu kuphela ngo-September 20, kanti phakathi nenkambo yayo 10 kg yokudla kudliwa umndeni owodwa. Amafreyimu angu-12 e-2 kg wesondlo asele esidlekeni kanti amanye amabili afakiwe. Okunye okufakiwe kufakwe phezulu kwesifuba kumabha yensimbi. I-bottom of the hive ihlala ingenalutho. Izilimi ezisuka ku-cell zakhiwe kuwo, lapho kuzodingeka khona ukuthulula isiraphu.

Kunoma yikuphi, kubalulekile ukugwema ukubeka phakathi kohlaka ne-perga.

Ukwakheka kwe-Nest kumele kwenziwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, ngoba ezinye izinambuzane ngeke zibe nesikhathi sokwakha umbhede futhi zidlulisele ingxenye yokudla esidlekeni.

Uyazi? Ukuthola ama-receptor amahle kakhulu, inyosi ingawuthola isitshalo ekude khilomitha eyodwa.

Ekupheleni kwenkathi ngayinye, noma yikuphi umlusi wezinyosi kudingeka azinakekele kahle ukulungiswa kwezinyosi ebusika, okuqukethe izinyathelo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile. Ukuhambisana nezincomo ngobuningi kanye nekhwalithi yenyosi kanye ne-perga yashiya ebusika, isilinganiso sesiraphu esilungisiwe sokudla, inani lamafreyimu kanye nokukhethwa kwenkinga yenhlangano yezidleke kuzovumela izinyosi ukuba zisinde ngempumelelo ebusika, zinike inzalo enempilo enamandla futhi zithole amandla ngaphambi kwenkathi entsha yokusebenza. Inhlangano yebusika eliphezulu kakhulu izokuvumela umlimi wezinyosi ukuthi asuse noma yikuphi ukukhathazeka endaweni yezinyosi ngesikhathi sebandayo. Okuwukuphela kwakhe okushiwo nguye ukulalela ngezikhathi ezithile isidleke. I-buzz elinganiselwe izokukhombisa i-microclimate evamile, umsindo omningi - ukuba khona kwenkinga.

Ukulungele ukulungiselela ubusika kungabangela izinkinga ezinjengokufa kwesibeletho noma umndeni wonke, ukuntuleka kokudla, ubuthakathaka bokusebenza kwabantu, ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo. Futhi khumbula ukuthi wonke umsebenzi wokulungiselela isikhathi sasebusika kumele ugcwaliswe eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala kaSeptemba, ukubambezela le nqubo kuhlangene nezinkinga ezinkulu.