I-coccidiosis ibhekwa njengesifo esiyingozi kakhulu.
Idluliselwa ezinkukhu ngokusebenzisa i-inventory kanye nokudla. Izinkukhu ezigulayo zilahlekelwa isifiso sabo, zigijima kabi futhi zigcine zifa.
I-Coccidiosis ingenye yezifo ezivame kakhulu embonini yenkukhu. Ama-parasite alula, angama-causative agent, aphindaphinda emathangeni emathunjini.
Ngenxa yalokhu, kukhona ukwephulwa kwezinqubo zokugaya ukudla. Ukwehla kwamanzi emzimbeni, ukuguqulwa kwamagciwane ukutheleleka okuhlukahlukene nokulahlekelwa kwegazi kuyabonakala.
Lesi sifo sivame kakhulu ezinkukhu. Coccidiosis hhayi izinkukhu kuphela, kodwa futhi zasendle. Lawa ngama-partridges, ondlunkulu kanye nama-swallows. Izinkukhu ezineminyaka engaphansi kwezinyanga ezimbili zibhekwa njengeziphethwe yilezi zifo.
Iyini i-coccidiosis ezinkukhu?
I-coccidiosis ezinkukhu yatholwa ngekhulu le-19.
Ngisho nalapho, abalimi bezinkukhu babhekana nokuqubuka kwesifo, esasihambisana nesifo sohudo.
Namhlanje amacala e-coccidiosis abhaliswe cishe kuwo wonke amazwe omhlaba.
Kunzima ukuthola okungenani ipulazi elilodwa lekhukhu, umnikazi walo ongakwazi lutho ngalesi sifo.
Kuyakwazi lokho i-coccidiosis iyingozi kakhulu ngokuhlanganyela nanoma yiziphi ezinye izifo..
Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi emapulazini, lapho kunezimo ezilinganiselwe kunezinkulungwane ezingu-15 zezinkukhu.
Ama-Pathogens
Ama-causative agents of coccidiosis, okungukuthi, i-coccidia, asakazeke.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zalezi zinambuzane ze-protozoan.
Umjikelezo wabo wokuphila unzima kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, ukutheleleka kwenzeka uma ama-oocysts ephuzwa ngamanzi noma ephakelayo.
Emkhakheni wezinsi, isithombeni sibhujiswe yisenzo se-enzyme ne-bile, ngenxa yokuthi yiziphi izi-sporozoites eziqala ukukhula ngokweqile kwi-epithelium yamathumbu.
Abanikazi bezinhlobo ezithile ze-coccidia bangaba nezinhlobo ezithile zezinyoni, nakuba kutholakala okunye.
Nakuba izinambuzane eziningi zitholakala ezinkukhu, aziqondi kahle.
Eimeriatenella- Leli fomu elivame kakhulu elimelana nezici zangaphandle ezingalungile. Iyakwazi ukuthelela inyoni unyaka.
Uma ingenwa, i-coccidia ilimaza i-membrane yamangqamuzana futhi iyonakalisa imisebenzi yokugaya. Ezinye izinhlobo zivame ukukhula emathunjini aminyene futhi amancane.
Ezinye izinhlobo zama-parasites zihlasela kuphela izinkukhu. Lokhu kungenzeka uma kukhona ukuhlushwa okukhulu kwama-oocysts. Kulesi simo, zitholakala endaweni ye-duodenum.
Izifundo nezimpawu
Kulula ukuqaphela i-coccidiosis ezinkukhu.
Lesi sifo siboniswa yizimpawu ezinjalo.:
- ukudonsa ikhanda njalo;
- ukungabi nesifiso;
- izimpaphe eziphahliwe;
- ukuvuvukala;
- umquba wamanzi ohlaza obomvu noma obomvu;
- ama-droppings axutshwe negazi.
Lezi zimpawu ngokuvamile ziqhubeka izinsuku ezingu-4-5, emva kwalokho inyoni egulayo ifa.
I-Coccidiosis iyingozi futhi ingapheli. Esikhathini sokuqala, lesi sifo sihlala cishe amasonto amabili. Futhi ngokuvamile kubonakala ezinkukhu.
Izibonakaliso eziyinhloko ziyimpaphe ephahliwe, ukungabi nesifiso sokudla, ukutholakala kwezinpaphe ezungeze i-cloaca emgodini ohlanganiswe negazi. Izilwane ezincane nazo ziphethwe yi-anemia kanye nokoma.
Ukudidiyelwa kokunyakaza kunzima kakhulu. Ngenxa yokukhathala okukhulu, le nyoni ifa kakade ngezinsuku ezingu-2-5. Ezimweni ezimbi, izinga lokufa li-50-70%.
Izinkukhu Master Grey ziphelele kulabo abazozala izinyoni ukuze zidle inyama.Esinye sezifo ezingathandeki kakhulu ezinkukhu yi-omphalitis. Kulesi sihloko siye sazama ukuchaza i-omphalite ngokuphelele, ukuze ungabi nambuzo esele.
Ngefomu elingavamile, izimpawu ezingenhla zilula. Lesi sifo sivame ukubonwa kubantu abadala kanye nezinkukhu ezinyangeni ezingu-4-6. Amacala okufa akwenzeki, kodwa izinkukhu zilahlekelwa isisindo, futhi ukukhiqizwa kweqanda labo kunciphisa.
Izinguquko eziyinhloko ekwenzeni i-coccidiosis ziyakhathala futhi zibuhlungu kakhulu. Izinguquko ezisele zigxile emathunjini.
Ukuziphatha kwabo kuxhomeke ezinhlobonhlobo ze-coccidia:
- Uma ngabe i-Eimeriatenella, i-enteritis ye-catarrhal ibonakala ku-cecum.
- Ukutheleleka nge-Eimeriaacervulina kubonakala njengamabala amhlophe nemivimbo e-duodenum.
- Uma ukutheleleka kwenzekile ngenxa ye-Eimeriamaxima, i-mucus e-viscous ixubene negazi emathunjini amancane.
- I-Eimerianecatrix iholela ekuqiniseni nase-necrosis yamadonga emathumbu. Kungase kube nama-clots wegazi elihlanganisiwe.
Ukuhlonza
Esikhathini sokuqala, kunzima kakhulu ukubona ukuthi i-coccidiosis in izinkukhu.
Lokhu kuchaza umonakalo omkhulu wezomnotho.
Ekuqaleni, umuntu ubonakala enempilo, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukukhiqiza kwakhe kunciphisa.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkukhu kuyayeka, futhi izinkukhu ezikhulile azitholi isisindo, nakuba ukusetshenziswa kokudla kukhula kancane kancane.
Yilezi zibonakaliso okufanele zidale ukukhathazeka.
Uma kusungulwa ukuxilongwa kufanele kucatshangelwe izibikezelo ze-epizootological, iminyaka yabantu abagulayo, kanye nezikhathi zesifo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele uqaphele izibonakaliso zemitholampilo kanye nazo zonke izinguquko ze-pathological. Isizathu saleso sifo sivame ukuqinisekiswa ngokuba khona kwama-oocysts kudoti noma ukucwiliswa kwe-mucosa emathunjini.
Ngemuva kokuhlatshwa kwezinkukhu, ukuxilongwa kwenzelwa ngesisekelo semiphumela yokutadisha isimo se-digestive system.
Ngokuvamile, nge-coccidiosis, isidumbu sinombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukuqhaqhazela nokugcwalisa okuyinhloko emathunjini ngama-fecal mass, kanye nokutholakala kobunzima obukhulu emisebenzini eyimpumputhe.
Ukwelapha
Ukuze ukwelashwa kwe-coccidiosis ezinkukhu noma ezinye izinyoni, ama-coccidiostats ahlukahlukene ajwayele ukusetshenziswa.
Izidakamizwa ezinjalo zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili: ama-antibiotic e-ionophore nemikhiqizo etholakala kuma-chemical synthesis.
Okukhethwa kuqala akubhekwa njengento engcono kakhulu, ngoba umphumela walezi zidakamizwa ufana. Ziyakuthinta kakhulu ukuguqulwa kwamakhamera eseli.
Coccidiostats ezifana i-ardinon-25, i-avatek, i-rigecostat noma i-hekokkokd-17. Ngokuvamile zihlangene nama-antibiotic.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izidakamizwa eziningi azihlinzeki ngomphumela omkhulu wokwelapha. Uma lesi sidakamizwa sengezwa ekuphakelayo, singabangela ukufa kwele nyoni, ngoba imithi kufanele ihanjiswe ngokulinganayo. Ekhaya, kunzima kakhulu ukukwenza.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi izidakamizwa ze-sulfa nazo zinamakhemikhali aphikisayo. Zisetshenziswa izinsuku ezingu-3 ngokuphumula kwezinsuku ezingu-2. Ku-1 kg wesondlo, i-1 mg yesidakamizwa yanele. I-Norsulfazol inikeza izinsuku ezingu-3 ku-500 mg ngetitha elilodwa lamanzi. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-coccidiosis ingathinta umuntu oyedwa izikhathi eziningana, uma nje lezi zinhlobo ezahlukene ze-coccidia.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela nokuphepha
Isiqondiso esithembisayo kakhulu ekulwa nalesi sifo ukugoma.
Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezindleko eziphakeme namuhla kuphela izilwane nezinkomo ezincane ezigonywe.
Ukuvimbela kusiza ukugwema ukusabalala kokutheleleka nokubhubhisa i-coccidia eqale ukuthuthukisa emzimbeni wenyoni.
I-potassium permanganate, i-lime hydrated, isixazululo se-formalin 3%, i-sodium ne-potassium alkali kuleli cala ayisebenzi.
Kudingeka ukhumbule ukuthi ukusetshenziswa komuthi owodwa kuphela ngeke kuqinisekiswe ukuvimbela okuphumelelayo. Ngalokhu, udinga okungenani amathuluzi amane ahlukene. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubalulekile ukunaka iqiniso lokuthi indlela yabo yesenzo ihlukile.
Ukuze ugweme ukuthuthukiswa kwe-coccidiosis, ukuhlanzeka kufanele kugcinwe endlini nasegcekeni lokuhamba.
Ukuthuthukisa amasosha omzimba we inkukhu kungabonga ngenxa yokudla okuhle. Kungcono ukukhetha ukudla ngekhithamini nezithako ezihlukahlukene zokudla okunomsoco.
Indlela elula yokuvimbela ukufa kwemfuyo yonke ngenxa ye-coccidiosis ngenxa yezinyathelo zokuvimbela. Izincomo ezilula ezingenhla zizosiza ukwandisa ukumelana kwezinyoni ezifweni ezihlukahlukene. Kufanelekile nokugoma, naphezu kobunzima bokusebenzisa le ndlela.
