Okwamanje emasimini ungathola izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zama-apula ahlukene.
Kodwa akuzona zonke izinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla ze-apula ezingaba nobumnandi obubusika obuhle nokuzithoba.
Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngalolu hlobo I-Gorno-Altai.
Uhlobo luni?
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zadalwa njenge ehlobo.
Yadalwa eSiberia, futhi indawo eyinhloko yokukhula Izihlahla ze-apple zalezi zihlukahlukene nazo zikhona eSiberia.
Izihlahla ze-Gorno-Altai, ezifana nazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo, musa ukuzivocavocabadinga i-pollinator.
Emandleni akhe angenza noma yimuphi wazi i-pollinatornjengokuthi, isibonelo, i-Golden Delicious noma i-Golden Hornet.
Ungazijwayela nezinye izinhlobo zehlobo zasehlobo zama-apula uMelba no-Agasti.
Incazelo ezihlukahlukene Gornoaltaysky
Incazelo yezici zangaphandle ze-apula nezithelo zayo zizocabangela ngokuhlukile.
Umuthi we-apula ngumuthi olinganiselwe (ungafinyelela 3.5 amamitha ukuphakama). I-Crohn isondelene, futhi isayizi ephakathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukwakha umqhele amagatsha anamandla, anamandla.
Iqukethe inombolo enkulu ikhola futhi izithelo izithelo. Kuzo futhi kuzo zonke izithelo.
Amahlumela e-Apple anombala obomvu obala, enembozwe ethile ye-fluff, kunezinhlayiya ezincane zokukhanya emahlumela. Ubukhulu bamaqabunga buyingcosana, banomumo ovoid ohlangene, ophethe i-tip ende ebukhali.
Umbala wamaqabunga uhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, hhayi ukukhanya. Amaqabunga ane-shagreen surface, kusukela phansi amaqabunga agcwele kancane i-fuzz. On petioles kukhona futhi fluff, izinhlamvu usayizi omncane kanye lanceolate.
Ama-apula amnandi encane Ungaqonda lokhu ngokubuka isithombe.
Ngokwesilinganiso, amagremu angu-30-50, abe nomumo ohlangene ohlangene, ubuso bawo bubushelelezi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo izithelo zikhishwa.
Umbala omkhulu kakhulu ophuzi, izembozo zinemibala ebomvu ebomvu phezu kwendawo yonke ye-apula.
I-peduncle inebude obuncane kakhulu, ngobukhulu obuncane, obudwetshiwe obuluhlaza futhi buhlanganiswe phansi.
Umcibisholo ungokwesayizi omncane, onokugqwala okuncane.
Indebe nayo iphansi, ivaliwe. I-saucer iyingcosana, ihlabekile.
Inyama inombala okhilimu kanye nesakhiwo esihle. I-pulp iyakuthandeka futhi iyomuncu, inothi eliningi ukuthi liyathandeka kahle. Futhi, i-pulp ibhekwa njengokufanele.
Umlando wokuzala
Izinhlobonhlobo zaseGorno-Altai zaziyi esungulwe eSiberia e-Institute of Horticulture okuthiwa M.A. Lisavenko. Wenza indlela yokuwela I-Ranetki ephuzi futhi I-Saffron Pepina.
Ukuwela okuphumelelayo kwenzeka ngo-1937. Ezihlukahlukene zobunikazi Kuhlala kubasebenzi abane be-Institute - Lisavenko, Kukharsky, Sizemov, naseSirotkin.
Kwaze kwafika ngo-1959, kwahlala eSiberia kuphela, kwaqala ukusakazwa kulo lonke izwe laseRussia.
Isifunda sokukhula kwemvelo
Njengoba kukhulunywe ngenhla, ezihlukahlukene zadalwa futhi zazitholwa ekuqaleni isakazeke eSiberia.
Ngenxa yalokho, inzuzo yalezi ezihlukahlukene yiyona ukuphikisana okukhulu neqhwa kanye nobusika.
Ngo-1959, izihlahla zase-Gorno-Altai zaqala ukusabalalisa kwezinye izindawo zaseRussia - I-Volga-Vyatka, iSiberia yaseNtshonalanga, eNyakatho, eNyakatho-Western.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nezinhlobo zama-Altynai nezinhlobo ze-aelita ezinamahloni ezinokungahloniphi futhi zasebusika ezifanele ukutshala kulezi zifunda.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akukho zindlela ezikhethekile ezithathwe ukuze zivumelane nezihlahla ze-apula, ngoba isimo sezulu kulezi zindawo asifani kakhulu nesibindi saseSiberia, asikho ihlobo elimnandi kanye namazinga okushisa aphakeme kakhulu.
Ukuthela
Emva kokutshala i-apula uqala ukuthela izithelo ngemuva kweminyaka engu-4-5.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuvunwa kugcinwa isilinganiso, kodwa njalo.
Siyabonga high hardiness ubusika ngisho nasebusika obunzima kakhulu, izihlahla ziphosa kancane, ngakho-ke akukho lutho oluvimbela isivuno esisha.
Ngakho-ke ukuvuna nokucatshangwa njalo - kuncane kakhulu okungayithinta.
Isihlahla sonke siyaqhubeka siphila cishe iminyaka engama-45. Kulokhu, intsha inganikeza cishe amakhilogremu ayi-10 esithelokodwa omdala usevele kakade kufika ku-35 kg.
Kunamacala lapho ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle kakhulu lezi zihlahla ze-apula zanikeza ezingaphezu kuka-100 kilogram ama-apula avela esihlahleni esisodwa.
Izithelo zingathathwa ekupheleni kuka-Agastingaphandle kokwesaba ukuchitha ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Uma ama-apula asusiwe ngesikhathi, azovuthwa futhi abe nobuhlungu.
Nokho kanye nezimvula ezivame, ama-apula aqala ukuphahlazeka.
Ama-apula asetshenziswa jikelele.
Kuyaziwa indima yabo ephezulu ekukhiqizeni ijusingenxa ye-juiciness ephezulu yesithelo.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe imithetho yokutshala nendlela yokunakekela isithombo.
Isikhathi esihle sokutshala i-apula sizovela entwasahlobo, lapho inhlabathi ishaqile kakade.
Naphezu kokuqina okukhulu kwebusika kwezihlahla ezindala, izithombo ukukhuthazelela ubusika akusihle kakhulu, ngakho-ke kumele ube nesikhathi sokuthola amandla ebusika bokuqala.
Umuthi we-Apple udinga kakhulu emhlabathini.
Ngakho-ke, lapho uhlwanyela isihlahla sama-apple saseGorno-Altai, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa inhlabathi evundile kakhulu.
Uma ungenalo inhlabathi efanayo, kodwa kukhona inhlabathi enamandla, khona-ke le nhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala kudingeka ukutshala i-saltpeter.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu unakekele emanzini omhlabathi omuhle.
Umhlabathi omuhle uzoba loam, futhi lapha Inhlabathi yobumba ngeke isebenze - hhayi okwanele.
Ngaphambi kokufika udinga bamba imbobo kusengaphambili bese uthele kuwo inhlabathi evundile kanye namanyoloekwakheni isigundane ngezansi.
Uma utshalwa phezulu kwesi sihlahla, izimpande zikhuphuka, futhi yonke inhlabathi ifakwa phezulu.
Ngesikhathi nangemva kokutshala izidingo zasemakhaya amanzi amaningi, kuphela izikhathi ezintathu kuphela, isikhathi ngasinye usebenzisa 30 amalitha amanzi.
Shiya indawo yokuguquka kwezimpande esiqwini phezulu, njenge-apula futhi uhlale phansi emva kokutshala.
Kufanele njalo usike umuthi we-apula: intsha - ukwakha isiqondiso sokukhula, esidala - ukuqeda amagatsha owomile.
Lapho ukusika izihlahla ungashiyi penechkov, amagatsha amathathu futhi amahlumela ngokuphelele. Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokusika izihlahla zitholakala entwasahlobo.ngaphambi kokuba umuthi uqale ukukhula ngenkuthalo.
Uma utshalwa emgodini kumele uqhutshwe i-peat, i-superphosphate ne-humus. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminyakeni emibili yokuqala kudingeka udle umuthi nge nitrogen. Uma usebenzisa umanyolo kufanele ugubungele ngamanzi ngenkathi uchelela.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuphuza i-apula noma cha kungcike enhlabathini.. Uma kunamanzi - kunamanzi aseduze (ukusakaza, njll) - bese ukuphuza akudingeki. Ngomhlabathi omile, ukuchelela kuyadingeka, udinga ukuchitha cishe ama-30-50 amalitha ehlathini ngalunye.
Ungadli amanzi ngqo ngaphansi kwempande.. Ukuze ucheze, bamba i-groove encane eduze komuthi we-apula. Ububanzi be-groove buyi-meter.
Ngaphambi kokubanda ukuze inhlabathi ezungeze i-apula ingabi iqhwakudinga ukumbozwa ungqimba olukhulu lwe-peat noma i-humus.
Indlela yokusika umuthi we-apula ehlobo, bona ividiyo.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Izihlahla ze-apple ze-Gorno-Altai cishe angesabi izifo eziningi nezinambuzane.
Okungaphandle kunamanye nje izifo ze-fungal, kodwa ukubonakala kwabo kungagwenywa ngokudla ngesikhathi esifanele nomanyolo.
Futhi ungashiyi penechki, ukuze anganiki izinambuzane isizathu sokuhlala esihlahleni se-apula.
Ekugcineni, ngifuna ukusho ukuthi isihlahla se-apple se-Gorno-Altai ekahle kubakhiqizi bejusi.
Inikeza isivuno esihle, futhi ukuphikiswa kwayo okuphezulu ekuhlaselweni kwangaphandle kukuvumela ukuba uthembele kuso uma kuziwa ekuthembekeni kokutholakala okuvamile kwesitshalo.
Lesi sihlahla se-apula sihle kakhulu ezimweni ezibuhlungu zaseSiberia, kodwa nasezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esihle sizothola izimpande, sihlale sizijabulisa ngokuvuna kwayo.
