Imbali ekhanyayo efana ne-motley daisy kudala yaziwa njengesitshalo sokulungiswa kwendlu. Ezindaweni ezivulekile, ingadi ye-gerbera ikhula kanzima. Noma kunjalo, uma ubheka konke okucashile lapho utshala, unakekela kahle isitshalo, khona-ke ukukhula engadini kungenzeka enkabeni yeRussia, futhi hhayi ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu zomhlaba.
Incazelo yeGerbera
UGerbera ungowomndeni wakwa-Asteraceae noma u-Astra futhi umuthi ongapheli.
Isihlahla sincane, sinamaqabunga aqinile anendawo yokucwilisa futhi enesikhumba esicashile, sihlotshiswe ngerosette eduze kwempande. Ubude bawo bufika ku-35 cm. Ngezinye izikhathi ayawa phansi ezansi.
Ubude besiqu busuka ku-30 kuye ku-60 cm, ibhasikidi le-inflorescence likhulu. Lapho uvula imbali, ububanzi bayo buvela ku-12 kuya ku-17 cm. Kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, ihlukaniswe yaba lula, kabili-kabili noma kabili.
Isikhathi sezimbali siqala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo futhi siphela ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo.
Umhlaba wendabuko walesi sitshalo yi-Afrika neMadagascar, e-Asia esishisayo. Elinye igama yiTransvaal chamomile.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-gerbera
Imininingwane yezinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zeTransvaal chamomile ziyahlukahluka - ngokusho kwemithombo ethile, ukusuka kuma-40 kuye kwangama-90. Njalo ngonyaka, abafuyi be-amateur bakhula izinhlobo ezintsha, bahlanganise futhi bawele abaziwayo.
Okunye ukwahlukaniswa kwesitshalo ngezimpawu zangaphandle:
- izimbali eziningi;
- -kulu-lugeleza ngephalishi elincane;
- -kulu-flowed nge-petal ebanzi;
- ihafu-kabili;
- terry.
Onke ama-gerberas engadini aziwa namuhla anikezwa izakhi ezimbili - ezinamahlamvu aluhlaza kanye noJameson.
Ezinye izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu yilezi:
| Okuhlukahlukene | Incazelo | Kushiya | Izimbali / Isikhathi sezimbali |
| UJameson | Okunamandla, okuqinile. Izinhlobo Parade, Harley, Golden Serena ziyaziwa. | I-Cirrus, onqenqemeni. Ubude cishe 20 cm. | Ububanzi be-inflorescence buyi-10 cm. 3 amasonto. |
I-Garden Hybrid / Amaphupho amnandi we-Garvinea | Ukuphakama kufike ku-45 cm, ububanzi besihlahla bufika kuma-40 cm. | Kukaliwe, i-fleecy. Cishe ngama-15 cm. | I-inflorescences enobubanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-12-16. Esihlahleni esisodwa sifinyelela kuma-peduncle angama-20. Imibala ehlukahlukene. Maphakathi nentwasahlobo ukuqala kwekwindla. |
| Patio Klondike | Ukuphakama nobubanzi kufika ku-50 cm. | Ihlanganisiwe, i-serared, i-15 cm. | Ama-petals angashadile, abunjwe ngomhlanga. Imvamisa imhlophe noma zonke izithunzi ezibomvu. Julayi-Okthoba. |
| Abyssinian | Bush ukuphakama kufike ku-45 cm. | Ukwakheka kwe-ellipse, ukuphakama kwesihlahla kuze kufike ku-45 cm. Ububanzi bufika ku-14 cm. Imiphetho ihlangene noma ihlikiwe, ukukhanya okufushane ebusweni. | Ama-petals angashadile, abunjwe ngomhlanga. Imvamisa imhlophe noma zonke izithunzi ezibomvu. Intwasahlobo iwile. |
| Orenji | Isihlahla esincane esinohlelo olunamandla lwezimpande. | Ukwakheka kwamaqabunga yi-ellipse, eqoqwe yaba irosette ezansi kwempande. | Orenji, obomvu, opinki, obomvu, obomvu ngokujulile, ophuzi. Umaphakathi we-inflorescence umnyama, onsomi onsomi. Julayi-Okthoba |
| I-Wright | Kusetshenziselwa ukudala ama-bouquets. | Kungaba ngesimo se-lobules noma izimpaphe. Unqenqemeni luyi-wavy noma. | Ubomvu, o-orenji, onsomi, ophuzi, opinki. Isikhungo - mphuzi noma mhlophe qhwa. Intwasahlobo isekwindla sekwephuzile. |
| I-Vega | Ukuzala kusuka eMelika. | Kufika ku-50 cm ubude, mncane, ngomaphethelo omncane. | Ububanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-13, ubude besiqu bufika kuma-70 cm. Umbala wamaphalishi uyiorenji okhanyayo. Julayi-Okthoba. |
Isiqu asisikiwe, kufanele siguqulwe noma siphulwe, lokhu kuthuthukisa ukukhula kwama-peduncle amasha anama-inflorescence amakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo kufanele kube okusebenzayo kakhulu - udinga ukunisela ngokwanele, ukondla njalo futhi ususe ama-petioles omisiwe namaqabunga kuwo uqobo, nisela yonke isihlahla.
Ukukhulisa ama-gerberas amasha wokutshala okuqhubekayo
Izithombo zeGerbera zesizini entsha ziqala ukulungiselela ekwindla. Uma utshala imbewu ngo-Okthoba noma ngoNovemba, khona-ke ungalindela izitshalo eziqhakazayo ngoJulayi-Agasti.
Ukutshala kamuva (ngoJanuwari-Mashi) ngeke kuvumele i-gerbera yasengadini iqhume ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo. Kulokhu, kuthunyelwa emabhodweni kulethwe endlini.
Indlela yembewu yokulungiselela izithombo ikuvumela ukuthi ukhule izitshalo eziningi ngasikhathi sinye futhi kalula, ngezifo nezinambuzane azidluliselwa.
Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo
- Ama-cartridge akhethekile agcwele ingxube yezithombo.
- Engqamuzaneni ngalinye, kwenziwa ikhefu (hhayi ngaphezu kuka-3 mm) nge-toothpick bese imbewu ibekwa.
- Fafaza amanzi ebhodleleni lokufafaza nge-nozzle enhle.
- Ngomthelela wokugcina ukushisa, amakhasethi embozwe ngocingo noma ngeglasi epulasitiki.
- Baxhasa imodi efanelekile: izinga lokushisa licishe lifinyelele ku-1818 C, kunomswakama ophezulu.
- Ngemuva kwamaviki amabili, ifilimu isusiwe, amahlumela kufanele asevele aqhume.
- Kamuva, bahlinzeka ngokukhanya okungasetshenziswa okungenani amahora ayi-12 ngosuku. Uma kungekho suku olwanele, sebenzisa ama-phytolamp.
- Izitshalo zifakwa umoya omncane futhi zifafazwe ngamanzi.
- Lapho amahlumela efika ku-3-5 cm ukuphakama, adluliselwa kwezinye iziqukathi ezihlukene nobubanzi obukhulu.
- Ingadi gerbera itshalwe emhlabathini, inqobo nje uma izinga lokushisa lasebusuku lifinyelela ku +12 ° C.
- Kusukela esikhathini sokutshala imbewu kuya ekuvuleni kwe-inflorescence, izinyanga eziyi-10-11 zidlula.
- Uma ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwezimpawu zezinhlobonhlobo zilahlekile, lokhu kungumphumela wokuvundelwa komzimba.
Ukutshala nokunakekela Kwangaphandle kweGerbera
I-Garden gerbera isitshalo esithanda ukushisa, ngakho-ke indawo ebanjwayo kufanele ivikelwe emoyeni futhi ikhanyiswe kahle.
Umbhede wenziwa phezulu ukuvikela ukunganyakazi komswakama nokuqongelela kwamanzi asemhlabathini, okungaholela ekuwohlisweni kohlelo lwezimpande. Inhlabathi ilungiswa ikhululekile futhi inempilo, ngohlelo lokudonsa amanzi.
Indawo yambiwa kwangaphambili, ngaphambi kokutshala, hlola izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi - kumele kufudumale kahle. Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka ngefungus, inhlabathi inyangwa kwangaphambili ngesisombululo esikhethekile.
Imbobo yesihlahla yenziwe ngosayizi omkhulu kangangokuba idlulisa ngokuthula impande yezithombo lapho ngenhlama yobumba. Intamo yezimpande ishiywe ku-2 cm ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlaba. Ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla lapho ukutshala emhlabathini lingaba ngama-20 cm.
Gerbera emakhazeni
I-Garden gerbera ingasetjenziswa njengonyaka. Kepha cishe zonke izinhlobo zayo zingama-perennials, ngakho ebusika bamba isihlahla ngesigaxa sobumba. Ngemuva kwalokho ibekwe ebhodweni lobubanzi obanele nokujula bese idluliselwa engaphansi noma kubamba ukushisa ngokushisa kuka + 10 ... +15 ° C. Iniselwa kaningi ebusika futhi ayondli.
Kwesinye isikhathi bafaka imbiza yezitshalo ekhoneni elimnyama nelipholile endlini.
Uma i-gerbera itshalwe engadini ezitsheni ezinkulu ezikhethekile, khona-ke ngokuqala kweziqalo zokuqala zidluliselwa endlini ebusika - ukulondolozwa nokuphumula.
Ukusakazeka kukaGerbera
Kusukela lapho ukutshala imbewu, ukulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo kungenzeka, kwesinye isikhathi kusetshenziswa enye indlela yokuzala - imifino.
Isihlahla seminyaka emithathu singahlukaniswa ngokuphepha sibe yiziqobelo ezinamandla ezigcwele. Bamba i-gerbera ekuqaleni kwehlobo bese ufinyeza izimpande ukuya ku-15 cm. amahlumela ama-2-3 asele ezingxenyeni ezihlukanisiwe. Izindawo ezihlukanisayo ziphathwa nge-carbon esebenzayo futhi lapho zitshaliwe musa ukwehla ujule emhlabathini ukuvikela ukubola.
Ngemuva kokutshala, izitshalo ezincane zimboza sonke isikhathi sokululama. Kuthatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-30.
Izifo nezinambuzane zeGerbera, amaphutha wokunakekela
Ukukhula engadini akuphelele ngaphandle kwezifo nezinambuzane. Isitshalo kufanele siqashelwe lapho kuvela izimpawu ezilandelayo kuso:
| Uhlobo lokwehlulwa | Izimpawu | Izizathu | Izindlela zokulungisa |
| Ukubola kwezimpande | I-basal rosette iqala ukubola, amaqabunga abe ngamavila futhi aphelelwe amandla, ukufa kwesihlahla sonke kungenzeka. |
| Ukufafaza ngezimali zeFundazol, Maxim. Uma kwenzeka kufa - isihlahla siyembiwa futhi sibhujiswe. |
| Ukubola okumpunga | Isiqu, ama-inflorescence, i-basal rosette embozwe ngopende ompunga. |
| Isixazululo seFundazolum, eRovral. |
| I-Powdery hlobo | Iqunga elimhlophe liqala ukwakheka esiqwini, bese lisakazekela emaqabungeni nasezintubeni. |
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| UMose | Okokuqala, kuvela amabala ophuzi oluhlaza emaqabungeni, afana namabala emabula. Ngemuva kwalokho ukuvela kwabo kanye necrosis kwenzeka. | Isinambuzane yisinambuzane esincelayo. | Izindlela zokuvimbela kuphela ezinokwenzeka - ukwelashwa kokuqala ngezinambuzane zenhlabathi. Musa ukutshala ama-gerberas endaweni lapho kwakhiwa khona izitshalo zohlobo lwethanga lokukhula. Uma isitshalo sigula, singabhujiswa kuphela; akunakwenzeka ukuselapha. |
| Ama-aphid | Ama-tubercles ansundu avela engaphansi kwamaqabunga, isiqu, ama-inflorescence. | Ukutheleleka ngesinambuzane segciwane. | Ukunisela ngamalungiselelo wezinambuzane - u-Decis, Karate, Actellik, Fitoverm. Ukungcola ngomlotha kanye nogwayi. |
| I-Whitefly | Amacembe adla lesi sinambuzane aphenduka aphuzi bese omile, bese embozwa ngendaba enamathelayo nezibungu. | I-parasite uvemvane omncane omhlophe. | Ukwelashwa ngama-insecticides - i-Aktara, Confidor, Spark. Ukugcina izinga lokushisa elifanele kanye nomswakama. I-Peppermint, i-nasturtium iyisithiyo sezimvemvane, zitshalwa eduze kwe-gerbera. |
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-gerbera ekwakhiweni komhlaba
Izimbali ezahlukahlukene zegadi ye-gerbera ziyaqhakaza kahle engadini kanye nensimu ehlanganayo.
Ihlwanyelwe eceleni kwezindlela ngesimo somngcele, isebenzisa amabala anemibala eyodwa noma ehlanganisa amathoni ahlukile.
IGerbera ekhule ezimbizeni ezingadini noma ezitsheni ezikhethekile ibekwa kumakholoni, kuma-verandas, kumathala. Ngakho-ke, isetshenziswa njengento ephathekayo yokuhlobisa.
Lesi sitshalo sibukeka sisihle ngokutshala okukodwa nokuningi, futhi sihlanganiswe nezinye izimbali. Imvamisa, amapani, izinsimbi, ama-poppies, i-calendula, i-gentian, i-salvia, amabhidi, i-geyhera, okusanhlamvu nama-conifers kukhethwa lokhu. Futhi ukusika izimbali esixolweni kuzokhokhisa amandla cishe inyanga.
