Ama-apula amahle anamnandi namanzi angasetshenziswa fresh noma acutshungulwa, nama-apula anika isivuno esikhulu futhi adinga ukunakekelwa okwandisiwe - iphupho kwanoma yisiphi isivini.
Zonke lezi zidingo zihlangatshezwa yizinto ezihlukahlukene zokuqala, incazelo kanye nesithombe esitholakala kusihloko sethu.
Uhlobo luni?
Okokuqala - ukutshala ekwindla kokuqala kwama-apulaububanzi ejwayelekile eRussia eseningizimu. Izithelo zivuthwe engxenyeni yesibili ka-Agasti noma ekuqaleni kuka-Septhemba. Ngokwehluleka kokuswakama, izithelo ziqala ukuwela kancane ngaphambi kokuvuthwa.
Ukuvota
Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle uNdunankulu udinga i-pollinator - kumele kube khona ezinye izihlahla ze-apula eziseduze. Okuhle kunabo bonke, baye batusa ngokwabo njengama-pollinators kulezi zihlukahlukene:
- Alenushkino;
- Okumnandi;
- I-Priam;
- Welsey.
Ukugcina izithelo
Izithelo eziqoqiwe kumele zihlelwe kuqala.. Kufanelekile ukugcina ama-apula angenayo umonakalo futhi alondoloze isiqu. Ikhwalithi ye-Primo isilinganiso. Ekamelweni elivamile, ama-apula agcinwa cishe inyanga. Uma efakwe esiqandisini noma endaweni epholile epholile, impilo yeshalofu inwetshwa ezinyangeni ezingu-2.5-3. Ukushisa kokugcina kokugcina + ama-2 degrees.
Iziqukathi zesitoreji Okuyinhloko kungaba yimuphi, izidingo eziyisisekelo - ukuhlanzeka nokuqina.
Incazelo ye-Prima
Sinikeza isithombe nesichazo somuthi we-apula we-Prima.
Ukuhlukanisa Ukwamukelwa kwamanye ama-apple esizeni akulula.
Yena ubudenge-round thick or reverse pyramidal umqhele.
Amagatsha emithi amancane agcwele amagxolo anamnyama. Ziya phezulu phezulu ngehora elibukhali, kodwa ngaphansi kwesisindo sezithelo zokuvuthwa zingadla cishe cishe. Amagatsha aphezulu emithini amancane abuye aqondiswe phezulu bese enza i-angle enzima ne-trunk, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi wehla, egcwele amahlumela.
Amaqabunga amancane, anezansi ezingezansi kanye ne-top shiny, i-oval ne-oblong-oval shape. Ama-petioles afushane, enza i-angi elibukhali namagatsha. I-Buds ibomvu elibomvu.
Izihlahla ze-Apple ezinezimbali ezikhanyayo ezikhanyayo, ama-pistils angaphansi noma ezingeni elifanayo nama-stamens. Izimbali ngobukhulu - ukuma okuphakathi kufana ne-saucer.
Isithombe
Ngemuva kokuvundisa endaweni yezimbali, izithelo ziqala ukwakha. Ama-apula Prima atholakala kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo zezithelo:
- kolchatka;
- iqhuma;
- izithelo zezithelo;
- unyaka owodwa wokukhula.
Izithelo zihlukaniswa ngu:
- isikhumba esiluhlaza oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, esinombala obomvu obomvu obandakanya cishe zonke izithelo;
- nxazonke, ukuma okungajwayelekile;
- usayizi wesilinganiso;
- i-pulp elimnandi elimuncu-elimnandi.
Isisindo se-apula eyodwa singama-150-190 g.
Isiqu se-Prima ngokuvamile sifushane, sihamba kancane ngaphandle komngcele.
Umlando wokuzala
Prima yaxoshwa e-United States kuma-50s. wekhulu lokugcina. Isisekelo sokudalwa kwalezi zinhlobonhlobo kwakuyi-apple ye-apula yasendle eyayingabhekene ne-scab kanye ne-leaf spot.
Lezi zitshalo zawela izihlahla ezihlwanyelwe ukuze zithole ukunambitheka okuhle futhi zilawulwe ukulwa nokukhwehlela kwesivuno ngasinye.. I-apple tree ehlukahlukene I-Prima isizukulwane sesine esiye saba khona ngenxa yeziphambano. Ukwakha izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-apula:
- M. floribunda 821;
- Welsey;
- Melba;
- Ubuhle beRum;
- I-Golden Delicious;
- ama-derivatives abo.
Yena ngokwakhe Prima yaba yisisekelo sokudalwa kwezihlahla zama apula Kuban Cossack, Memory of Esaul, Memory of Sergeev.
Spread
Isihambeli sakwamanye amazwe sazijwayele kahle ensimini yaseRussia - ezihlukahlukene zihlakulelwa ngokugcwele kuzo zonke izindawo eziseningizimu.
Okokuqala akukhulumi endle - i-apula cultivar idlula kakhulu okhokho bayo ngokukhululeka emvelweni.
Izinhlobonhlobo azikwazi ukuqina ngokwanele kobusika obusika ukuze zikhule ngaphansi kwezimo zasePolesia, kodwa ukulingana okuvamile kwe-frost kuvumela ukuhlakulela ngempumelelo i-apula esihlahleni e-Forest-Steppe naseSteppe.
Ukuthela
Etshalwe ezimweni ezifanele zezulu, izitshalo zikhula ngokushesha futhi zithele izithelo kanye ngonyaka. Izithelo zivuthwe ngasekupheleni kwehlobo. Ama-apula owokuqala angama-Prima angavuthwa ngonyaka wesibili ngemuva kokutshala, kodwa Umuthi omuhle wezithelo uqala ngo-3-4 ngonyaka. Ngonyaka wesithupha kusuka esihlahleni esisodwa singaqoqa kuze kube ngu-40 kg. ama-apula, kusukela eminyakeni eyishumi ubudala kuya ku-120 kg.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle kakhulu sama-apula eminyakeni embalwa, ama-Prima saplings atshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga aqhakaze noma ekwindla, ngemuva kokuwa.
Ukutshala i-apula kuyadingeka:
- lungiselela umgodi wesayizi okwanele (izimpande kufanele zihlanganiswe ngokuphelele, futhi isayithi lokugoma, okungaba ngu-10 cm ngaphezulu kwekhola lempande, likhululekile emhlabathini);
- gcwalisa amanzi emgodini;
- ukunciphisa insimu futhi, ukuyibeka endaweni eqondile, ukumboza izimpande nomhlaba;
- ukushayela isigxobo ngakwesokudla emgodini bese ubopha isihlahla ngethambo elithambile;
- uthele 3-4 amabhakede amanzi ngaphansi kwesithombo;
- Ukugcoba umhlaba ngaphansi komuthi omncane we-apula (udoti, i-peat, i-sawdust, utshani) uzokwenza.
Ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla zama-apula ezikhulayo kusayithi kumele kube ngamamitha angaphezu kwamanengaphandle kwalokho imiqhele yemithi ekhulile iyophazamisana.
Ngasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza kwamanzi, izihlahla ezincane kufanele zikhishwe ukuze zifake kahle umqhele.
Shiya emthini ufanelekile 3-4 oqine kakhulu. Akukwenzanga ukuphunyuka. Amahlamvu asele angcono ukususa. Ngonyaka, kuzodingeka ukuthi unqume amahlumela asele, kodwa ukwenza kanjalo ngokungenalutho, ushiya amagatsha ahlukene ubude.
Kuzo zonke izimpilo zabo, izihlahla ze-apula zidinga izihlahla zonyaka.. Lokhu kwandisa isivuno futhi kuthuthukise ukubukeka kwesihlahla. Izihlahla ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-7 ubudala zingcono kakhulu ukusika kuphela entwasahlobo - amanxeba aphethwe kanzima aphulukise ngokushesha.
Ukuzikhethela kwe-Prima yikhuphulo enkulu yonyaka esitshalweni sesitshalo, ngakho-ke umuthi kufanele uthathelwe njalo ngonyaka. Ukusika okunamandla, ngaphezu kokuvunwa okwenyukayo, kunciphisa ukuvama nokuvuthwa kwalolu hlobo.
Ngaphezu kokubunjwa komqhele Prima udinga umanyolo. Ngonyaka wokuqala, akudingeki ukondle umuthi omncane, kepha emva kweminyaka emibili udinga ukutshala umuthi we-apula. Ukuze umuthi ube nezakhamzimba ezanele, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa umanyolo ngokunisela:
- i-phosphate;
- i-nitrogenous;
- i-potash.
Emva kweminyaka emihlanu, i-humate ne-urea yengezwa kulolu hlu.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Amandla, izihlahla ezivuthiwe njalo zidinga izinambuzane ezivamile nezinqubo zokulawula izifo.
Isici se-Prima ukumelana nezilonda eziningi zefungalomu ngesimo se-scab.
Kodwa ngenxa yokungahambisani kahle nesithwathwa nokukhula ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezifudumele, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zitholakala e-powdery isikhutha. Ukuze silwe nezifo, kodwa sibhekane ne-powdery isikhutha.
Ukuqala kwalesi sifo kubonakala ngokuqhakaza okumhlophe kumaqabunga nezithelo. Uma ukhula, lesi sifo siholela ekulahlekelweni kwemikhiqizo, ukutheleleka kwezinye izihlahla nokunciphisa ubunzima babo obusika. Ukulawula isikhutha se-Powdery kuhlanganisa:
- ukwelashwa okuphindwe kathathu nge-Bordeaux ingxube noma i-fungicides;
- ukutshala izitshalo nge phosphate noma umquba umquba;
- ukwelashwa kwezitshalo ezithathelwanayo ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate, i-chlorine yethusi noma amalungiselelo akhethekile nge-interval of 4-5 days;
- 3-4 izikhathi ezikhathini zasehlobo kungenzeka ukwelapha izitshalo nge Topaz noma Skor;
- Ukusika amagatsha anegciwane kanye namahlumela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza kwamanzi.
Njengomphumela we-powdery isikhutha, izithelo zokubola zingabonakala ku-Prima izithelo. Ukuvimbela lesi sifo, kubalulekile ukubhubhisa ngokushesha izithelo ezibhekene nezifo.
I-Prima ingaba nomdlavuza we-apula. Lesi sifo sibonakaliswa ukuqhuma okujulile emagqumeni, ukulimala kwezicubu ezinomzimba kanye nokuqothulwa kancane kancane kwamagatsha. Umdlavuza oqalile kakhulu ungaholela ekufeni kwesitshalo.
Okokuqala kungase kuthinteke izinambuzane ezifanayo nezinye izinhlobo ze-apula.:
- i-apula flower edla;
- i-moth;
- i-sucker;
- i-apple moth, njll
Uma izinambuzane zihlasela izihlahla, kubalulekile ukuziphatha nge-pesticides.. Amacebo namasu okucubungula akhethiwe kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lwezinambuzane.
Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka, kumele njalo:
- ukusika izihlahla;
- umanyolo;
- ukuchelela;
- ukulima kwenhlabathi;
- izigqoko zokumhlophe eziphakeme ngamamitha angu-1-1.5 ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo nasekwindla ekwephuzile.
Izinzuzo zezinyathelo zokuvimbela kumele zikhule izitshalo eziqinile ezingamelana nezifo kanye nezifo.
I-Prima - ehlukahlukene yokunikeza i-apple. Inzuzo enkulu yezinhlobonhlobo yizinto eziphezulu zokuthengwa kwezithelo. Ukuphikisa ukugaya kunganciphisa kalula ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo, ugweme ukwelapha okuphindaphindiwe ngamakhemikhali bese wenza i-apula isivakashi esiwamukelekile kunoma iyiphi ingadi.
