Izithelo ze-Medlar - yini lesi sihlahla, ukunakekelwa

I-Medlar isihlahla esihlala sihlala njalo noma esiqabayo ngokuya ngezinhlobo. Isiko sekuyisikhathi eside lithathwa njengelokuhlobisa kuphela, futhi lisanda kuthola isimo esisemthethweni sezithelo ezidliwayo. Emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, itholakala ngaphansi kwegama lokva, sessex, eriobotria, nayo elungile. Emvelweni, lesi sitshalo sikhula ezindaweni ezingaseningizimu ne-Southeast Asia, lapho saziwa yiwo wonke umuntu.

UMedlar - yini lesi sihlahla

Lapho beqala ukubona izithelo zalesi sihlahla, abaningi bayabuza: medlar - hlobo luni lwesitshalo lolu? Leli siko elingelomndeni iRosaceae futhi liyisihlobo esiseduze se-quince.

Ungasikhulisa lesi sitshalo ekhaya noma engadini

Izwe lakubo yiJapan, China neNdiya, lapho i-medlar ikhula ezindaweni zezintaba ngendlela yezihlahla eziminyene. Ukusuka lapho, lesi sitshalo sasakazekela e-Italy, e-Australia, kwa-Israyeli, e-United States nakulo lonke ugu lweLwandle Olumnyama. Futhi ngasikhathi sinye emazweni onke wanikezwa igama lakhe. Kepha yigama eliyinhloko le- "medlar" - Turkish.

Incazelo emfushane yokuthi ibukeka kanjani

I-medlar ekhiqizwayo ingumuthi, othi lapho kunezimo ezikahle ukhula ufike kumamitha ayi-8. Isitshalo sihlukaniswa ngumqhele osabalalisa nobubanzi be-3-4 m.

Uhlelo lwezimpande lwalesi siko alunamikhawulo, luhlotshisiwe. Amagatsha embozwe ngokhuni omnyama onsundu. Amahlumela amancane ekuqaleni ane-tint ebomvu futhi azizwa eyi-pubescence.

Amaqabunga e-medlar angama-oval amakhulu ngesimo, afinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha angama-30, nobubanzi obuyi-8 cm.Amapulethi aluhlaza ngombala umnyama, uphelele, ingaphezulu lesikhumba, alukhuni uma lithintwa, limfushane kancane phakathi kwemithambo. Ngokuqala kwekwindla, amaqabunga aphenduka owolintshi nge-tint ebomvu.

Izithelo ze-medlar zinomumo owenziwe nge-pear noma oyindilinga, kuya ngohlobo. Ngobubanzi, afinyelela ku-6 cm cm. Lapho esevuthiwe, aphenduka aphuzi noma owolintshi. Ngaphakathi ngakunye kunezinhlamvu ezinkulu ukusuka kuma-1 kuya ku-5 ama-PC, ambozwe ngesikhumba esinsundu esinzima. Eduze kwabo kunenyama edliwayo enoshukela. Ukunambitheka kwayo kumnandi futhi kumuncu futhi kufana nenhlanganisela yepile, i-apula kanye nesitrobheli.

Lapho sesivuthiwe, isikhumba sezithelo siba mncane, ngakho-ke sonakaliswa kalula. Lesi sici asivumeli ukugcinwa isikhathi eside kwe-medlar nokuhanjiswa okusha.

Izici ezizuzisayo zezithelo

Medlar, siyini lesi sithelo? Izithelo zalo muthi ongaziwa ziba nokwakheka ngokulinganayo kwamakhemikhali. Ziqukethe yonke inkimbinkimbi yamavithamini wamaqembu B, A, C, E, K, PP kanye nenani elikhulu lamaminerali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithelo ezihlukile ziqukethe:

• ama-organic acid;
• ushukela
• ama-tannins;
• ama-pectins.

I-Medlar ayinconywa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuqunjelwa.

I-Medlar - isithelo esithinta kahle umzimba womuntu. Ukusebenziseka kwayo kwezifo zezitho zombono kufakazelwe, ngoba i-beta-carotene ikhona ekwakhiweni kwamajikijolo.

Ezinye izakhiwo ezizuzisayo ze-medlar:

• lungisa ukusebenza kohlelo lokugaya ukudla;
• isusa isihlabathi namatshe ezinso;
• ihlanza umzimba wobuthi, ubuthi;
• kunxenxa ukushoda kwamavithamini;
• kwehlisa ushukela wegazi;
• kuvimbela ukukhula kwesifo senhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi;
• kunciphisa amathuba omdlavuza.

Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zesihlahla sezithelo

Ngemuva kokuthola ukuthi iyini le medlar, kufanele uzijwayeze ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zokhuni ezisetshenziswayo engadini. Lesi siko eseningizimu sinezinhlobo ezi-3, kepha zingu-2 kuphela kuzo ezithole ukuthandwa okubanzi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-medap yaseJapan, kanye neJalimane noma ngenye indlela i-Abkhaz. Zombili lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziyabekezelela umthunzi, azifuni ukwakheka kwenhlabathi futhi zibekezelele isomiso kalula. Kepha kunomehluko phakathi kwabo.

Indondo yaseJapan

I-medlar yaseJapan isihlahla esihlala sihlala singu-3-5 m ukuphakama, kepha kukhona okungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-8. Amahlumela namagatsha alesi sitshalo embozwe ngokunqenqemeni ngomphetho obomvu. Amacembe makhulu, abumbeke ngesimo, aze afike ku-25 cm ubude futhi acishe abe ngu-8 cm. Ingaphezulu lamapuleti limnyama ngokuhlaza okotshani, uhlangothi lwangakwesobunxele limpunga ngokufiphala.

Kulokhu okuhlukahlukene kwe-medlar, isikhathi sezithelo sihluke kakhulu kwezinye izihlahla zasengadini. Izithelo ziqala ukuvuthwa ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Ijamo lazo lingaba bomvana noma liyindilinga. Emagatsheni, izithelo zibuthelwa ngamaqoqo. Isisindo ngasinye sinyehluka kusuka ku-20 kuye ku-100 g, ubukhulu bubalelwa ku-7 cm.

Izinhlobonhlobo zesiko laseJapan zithanda isimo sezulu esifudumele namatshe amatshe. Ekushisa kwe--15 degrees, isitshalo siyafa. Ngakho-ke, ungakhula i-medlar yaseJapan kuphela ezifundeni eziseningizimu noma njenge -planethi yendlu.

Izithelo ze-Japanese medlar zibukeka njengama-apricots

Ngokwesisekelo sendiya yaseJapan, izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zama-hybridi, ezihlukaniswa amandla aphakeme ezithelo nephunga elimnandi, sezakhiwe. Abaziwa kakhulu kubo:

• UTanaka;
• AmaZayoni;
• I-Champagne
• Isithwathwa;
• Ubomvu bokuqala;
• Montreal
• AmaThailand.

Medlar yaseJalimane

I-medlar yaseJalimane ivame ukubizwa nge-Abkhazian, Caucasian noma iCrimea. Lolu hlobo lubhekwa njengokuhlobisa okwengeziwe, kepha luyinqabile. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla akudluli kumamitha ayi-3. Lesi sitshalo asibambeki ekunakekeleni nasekwandiseni ukumelana nesithwathwa. Izithelo zivuthwa ngoNovemba.

Ukukhula okugcwele kwesihlahla, ubusika obufudumele nokungashisi ehlobo kuyadingeka. Ngakho-ke, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zingatshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile ezindaweni ezifudumele.

Ukunambitheka kwezithelo ku-medlar yaseJalimane kumnandi, kepha kuyi-tart. Ngakho-ke, ukuze usithuthukise, kunconywa ukuthi ususe izithelo eziyindilinga esihlahleni ngemuva kwesithwathwa sokuqala noma ufake efrijini izinsuku eziningana.

Ukukhula medlar kusuka ithambo ekhaya

Njengoba usujwayele ukuthi iyini le medlar nokuthi isitshalo sibukeka kanjani, kufanele uthole ukuthi ingatshalwa kanjani ekhaya.

Ukuze wenze lokhu, lapho umbungu uvuthwa, susa imbewu kuyo bese ufezekisa ukukhubazeka. Yenza le nqubo ngokushesha ngaphambi kokwehla. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuyadingeka ukwephula ezinhlangothini ezihlukene ubuqotho begobolondo elingaphandle nge-sandpaper noma ifayela. Bese wehlisa amathambo amahora angama-35 emanzini okushisa egumbi.

Ngokutshala, uzodinga ukulungiselela ingxube yenhlabathi ye-peat, humus, inhlabathi eshidi nesihlabathi, uthathe izakhi ngevolumu elinganayo. Kufanele futhi ulungiselele amabhodwe anezimbobo zokudonsa ngamapayipi angama-15 cm.

I-algorithm yezenzo ngenkathi ifika:

1. Beka ubumba olwandisiwe ngaphansi kwesitsha ngesendlalelo esingu-1-1,5 cm.
2. Ukuphela kwevolumu kugcwaliswa ngomsoco ngengxube, uthele.
3. Gxilisa amathambo 1-2 cm emhlabathini.
4. Fafaza ngomhlaba, bushelelezi ubuso.
5. Mboza isitsha nge-foil bese ubeka endaweni emnyama enamazinga okushisa + 23 ... +25 degrees.

Faka umoya isitsha nsuku zonke bese ususa noma yikuphi ukunikezwa. Imbewu zeMedlar zihluma ngosuku 25-30. Lapho kukhona amahlumela anobungane, hlela kabusha isitsha endaweni ekhanyayo bese wehlisa izinga lokushisa libe ngama-+18 degrees. Lokhu kuzosiza ukunciphisa ijubane lokukhula kwengxenye ye-aerial futhi kusebenze ukwakhiwa kohlelo lwezimpande.

Lapho izithombo zinamandla kancane, kufanele zihambisane nezimo zangaphandle. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kubalulekile ukuthi uvule okokuqala imizuzu engama-30, futhi ngosuku ngalunye olulandelayo ukwandisa lesi sikhathi ngenye ihora 1. Ngemuva kwesonto, izithombo zingavulwa ngokuphelele.

Lapho nje ukuphakama kwesitshalo ngasinye kufinyelela ku-5 cm, udinga ukusitshala ezitsheni ezihlukile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kudingeka ulungiselele iziqukathi ezinobubanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-10 nengxube yezakhi ezifana naleyo esetshenziswa lapho utshala imbewu. Ngokuzayo, kuyadingeka ukulawula izinga lomswakama, uvikele ukugcwala.

Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, u-medlar uthela izithelo ekhaya

Ungakhula kanjani medlar engadini

I-medlar yaseJalimane ilungele indawo evulekile, ngoba ibonakala ngokwanda kweqhwa. Ngokutshala, kufanele ukhethe izithombo ezineminyaka emibili noma ezintathu ezinobude obungama-30- 40 cm. Ungazithenga enkulisa.

Lesi sitshalo eseningizimu singakhula kunoma iyiphi ikona yengadi, ngoba siyabekezelela umthunzi. Ekuthuthukisweni okuphelele, kuyadingeka ukuthi uqaphele ibanga le-1.5-2 m kusuka kwezinye izilimo ezinde. I-Medlar ayifuni ekwakhekeni kwenhlabathi, kepha idinga izinga elingathathi hlangothi le-acidity.

Izici zokutshala nokunakekela okwalandela

Ngokutshala, udinga ukugaya uzungu kusengaphambili futhi wenze ama-humus ngesilinganiso se-10 kg nge-1 sq. m. Kulokhu, zonke izimpande zokhula ezingapheli kufanele zisuswe ngokucophelela. Kwi-medlar, umgodi wokufika kufanele ulungiselelwe ngokujula nobubanzi obungamasentimitha angama-80. Beka ungqimba lwezitini eziphukile noma itshe elichotshoziwe phansi.

Inqubo

1. Fafaza amanzi ngenhlanganisela enempilo futhi wenze ukuphakama okuncane phakathi nendawo.
2. Faka isithombo kuso, usakaze izimpande.
3. Fafaza ngomhlaba, uhlanganise inhlabathi ezansi.
4. Nisela kakhulu isithombo.

Ngosuku olulandelayo, mulch umbuthano osondelene ne-humus noma i-peat, ozovimbela izimpande ukuthi zingasebenzi.

I-Medlar, kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni, ayidingi ukunakekelwa okuyinkimbinkimbi. Kwanele ukumanzisa inhlabathi njengoba ungqimba olukhulu lomhlabathi loma, kepha hhayi ukuvumela ukufiphaza umswakama. Ngasikhathi sinye, kubalulekile ukuthi lesi sitshalo singekho umswakama ngenkathi yezimbali, njengoba isivuno esizayo sincika kuso.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu kufanele kwenziwe kathathu ngesizini.

• Okokuqala entwasahlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, kufanele kusetshenziswe umanyolo we-organic noma wamaminerali onokuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen ephezulu.
• Isikhathi sesibili nesesithathu - ngesikhathi sezimbali nezithelo. Ngalesi sikhathi, kufanele kusetshenziswe umanyolo wamaminerali we-phosphorus-potassium.

Njalo eminyakeni emi-2, amahlumela esihlahla kumele afinyezwe ngu-1/3 wobude, okuzosiza ekuthuthukiseni ukuhlobisa nokuhlobisa kwesitshalo.

UMedlar ubekezelela kalula isomiso

Ukusakazeka kwe-Medlar ngokusikwa

I-Medlar ingasakazwa ngembewu nokusikwa. Kepha indlela yokuqala ayivumeli ukulondolozwa kwezinhlobo zezinhlobo zesihlahla somama. Ngakho-ke, indlela yezitshalo isetshenziswa kakhulu.

Okokusika, amahlumela konyaka odlule kufanele asetshenziswe. Zidinga ukusikwa zibe yizicucu, ngalinye kuzo kufanele libe nezindawo ezingama-2. Kushiya kuwo kususwe ngokuphelele. Yenza ukusika okungaphansi ngokungacabangi futhi uthuli nganoma iyiphi i-ejenti ye-rooting.

Ngokutshala, lungiselela ingxube yesihlabathi nephepha lomshidi ngomthamo olinganayo. Gcwalisa amabhodwe namanzi kahle. Gxilisa ukusika kwenhlabathi enomswakama kune-node yokuqala, icwecwe ingaphezulu. Hambisa ibhodwe endaweni ekhanyiswe kahle, efudumele. I-Rooting yenzeka ngemuva kwamasonto angama-5-6. Ngalesi sikhathi, inhlabathi kumele igcinwe inomswakama omncane.

Ungawudlulisa kanjani umuthi omdala

Uma kunesidingo, ungathathela umuthi omdala we-medlar. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele kwebiwe ngaphandle kokuphula ibhola lobumba ezimpandeni. Bese ulungiselela umgodi wokufika izikhathi ezimbili ngosayizi wawo. Faka isitshalo enkabeni, bese ugcwalisa izikhala ngenhlabathi enezakhi. Ekupheleni kwenqubo, nisela umuthi kakhulu.

Sihlahla siqhakaza kanjani, indawo yokuhlala kanye nesigaba esisebenzayo

Izithombo ezi-medlar ziqala ukuqhakaza iminyaka emi-3 ngemuva kokutshala endaweni ehlala njalo. Isiko liyazenzisa, ngakho-ke ungakhulisa kuphela imbewu eyodwa esizeni endaweni eyodwa.

Izimbali zalesi sitshalo zilikhilimu okhanyayo ngombala. Ububanzi babo buyi-2.0-2.5 mm. Lapho ama-buds evuleka, iphunga elimnandi elimnandi lizwakala.

I-medap yaseJapan ayinaso isikhathi sokuphonswa komzimba, ngoba lesi sitshalo singokwesigaba sama-evergreens. Futhi esigabeni esisebenzayo saseJalimane kuqala, njengazo zonke izitshalo zezithelo, ngokufika kwentwasahlobo. Futhi isikhathi sokuphumula salolu hlobo sihlala ngoNovemba kuya kuFebhuwari.

Izimbali zeMedlar zikhulu impela

I-Medlar ekwakhiweni komhlaba

Lesi siko sisetshenziselwa kabanzi ukubuka komhlaba, njengoba sinomqhele osabekayo. Imvamisa, isitshalo sitshalwa ngokulandelana, sidale umgwaqo eceleni kwendlela noma uthango.

Kubukeka futhi medrate enhle ezindaweni ezihlala zodwa ngokumelene utshani obuluhlaza.

Izinkinga ezikhulayo, izifo kanye nezinambuzane

Ngokwencazelo, lesi sitshalo esiseningizimu sibonisa ukumelana ngokwengeziwe nezinambuzane nezifo. Kepha ngokungahambisani kwezimo ezikhulayo, ukungagcineki kwalo kuncishiswa kakhulu.

Izinkinga ezivamile.

• Ukubuka kweqabunga. Isizathu esidabukisayo ukuqina komswakama enhlabathini. Lesi sifo senzeka lapho kukhula i-medlar ekhaya. Ngenxa yalokhu, amaqabunga esitshalo aba ngamabala, bese ephenduka aphuzi awe. Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa, kuyadingeka ukuthi udlulise lesi sitshalo bese ususa ngokuphelele i-substrate.
• Isihlangu. Inkathazo idla ujusi wesitshalo. Ungayithola eduze kwesiqu, kumahlumela nasemhlane wamaqabunga. Ngokubhujiswa, kunconywa ukunisela isitshalo kabili ngefrikhwensi yezinsuku eziyi-7 nesixazululo esisebenzayo se- "Aktara".
• Ama-aphid. Lesi sinambuzane sithelela amaqabunga amancane amahlumela ama-medlar, sidala amakoloni wonke. Idla ngojusi wesitshalo, okuholela ekuguqukeni kwamapuleti. Ngokubhujiswa, kunconywa ukufafaza umqhele nge-Actellic noma i-Inta-Vir.
• I-sooty mushroom. Lesi sifo senzeka ngokumelene nesizinda sokulimazeka kwezinambuzane ezihambisa izinhlamvu. Ungahlonza ukhunta ngombala omnyama emaqabunga, ovimbela i-photosynthesis. Ukwelashwa kuyadingeka ukwelapha isitshalo ngeSkor, futhi uma kungenzeka ugeze amaqabunga.

Ungawugwema umonakalo usebenzisa izindlela zomuthi ezivimbayo. Lokhu kuzogcina ukungavikeleki kwesitshalo ezingeni eliphezulu.

Namuhla, bambalwa abathandekayo bethu bakhula medlar engadini, kodwa isithakazelo kulesi sitshalo sikhula ngokuqinile. Esikhathini sokudla okukhulu, i-exotic medlar berry iba umuthi omnandi ongamangaza izivakashi nomndeni wabo.