Ngaphambi kokuthenga enye iphakheji ngembewu ehlosiwe yamakhukhamba, udinga ukutadisha ngokucophelela izakhiwo ezithile ezihlukahlukene.
Phela, akuzona zonke izihlahla ezizokwazi ukubhekana nesimo sezulu esingathandeki saseSiberia.
Ngokuqondene namakhukhamba, lesi siko sithanda ukukhanya nokushisa kakhulu.
Kodwa ukukhiqiza kwansuku zonke kuye kwagijimela phambili ukuthi inqwaba yezinhlobonhlobo zalowo omelele umndeni wamathanga usuvele wadalwa, ongakwazi ukumelana nanoma yiziphi izinguquko ezimweni zesimo sezulu ngisho nasendaweni efana neSiberia.
Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna ukutshala nje ukucindezeleka okunjalo nokungapheleli, ukhukhamba, ke lezi zinhlobonhlobo zizokulingana nawe.
Hlunga "i-Altai"
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziyaziwa kakhulu ngabalimi baseSiberia ngenxa yokunakekelwa kwayo ngokungapheli nokumelana nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. "I-Altai" yizihlobo ezivuthiwe ezivuthwa ezinsukwini ezingama-35 kuya ku-38. Kungenxa yezinyosi ezivundisa izimbali zalezi zihlahla, uyakha.
Abalimi balimaza emhlabathini ovulekile nasendaweni yokugcina izithombo. Izitshalo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo ziyi-medium-length, kufika ku-1.2 m ubude. Izithelo ezilinganiselwe (cishe 9-10 cm), zithola u-85 kuya ku-90 g ngesisindo, ngesimo esivamile se-ovoid-cylindrical, esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, esinambitheka kakhulu ngaphandle ukufutheka. Ikhasi lalezi ukhukhamba limbozwe ngama-tubercles, amathiphu anemibala emhlophe.
Abesifazane besifazane bayazi ukuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo zizibonise kahle ekuguleni, njengoba lezi ukhukhamba zingafakwa emabhange amancane. Futhi, lezi zithelo zingakwazi ukwengeza ukudla komuntu nokusha.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana nezifo ezaziwa kakhulu zekhukhamba. Ukuthela cishe 5 - 6 kg imitha yendawo ngayinye.
Ezimweni zezulu zaseSiberia, akuyona into engathandeki ukuhlwanyela imbewu ngokushesha emhlabathini, noma ngabe itshalwe endaweni yokushisa.
Ngakho-ke, imbewu yebhukimakhi ingenziwa kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli kuya ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Ukujula kokubeka kumele kufinyelele cishe ku-1.5-2 cm. Ukushisa kwomoya lapho imbewu kuqinisekisiwe khona ukuhluma kufanele kube cishe ngo-23-25 ° C.
Futhi, izithombo kumele ziphuze futhi zondliwe. Uma uguqula phansi emgqeni ongu-1. imitha ingaba yi-prikopat hhayi izithombo ezingaphansi kwezingu-3. Futhi imbewu izozuza ekusetshenzisweni kwabagqugquzeli bokukhula. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungathenga noma yikuphi umuthi ofanele kule nhloso futhi usebenzise ngokwemiyalo.
Njengoba lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziqinile futhi zingenakuzithoba, zizohlala zibhekene ne-hitch encane, isibonelo, ekutheni. Amanzi kulandela amahlathi amanzi afudumele kanye ngesonto. Qinisekisa ukuthi ukhulula futhi udibanise inhlabathi, ukuze ungenzi i-crust, okuzophazamisa izimpande "phefumula."
Ifilimu ye-Polyethylene noma utshani kungasetshenziswa njengemingqimba. Ngokuqinisekile, i-straw iscono, ngoba lokhu okusebenzayo ngeke kudale umphumela wokushisa ohlala njalo, njengoba ifilimu ingayenza. Ngaphansi kwethonya le-microclimate elinjalo, izimpande zingase zivele ziqale ukubola ngenxa ye-condensate eyedlulele. Utshani luzobola kancane kancane futhi luyoba umquba omuhle wezinto eziphilayo.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuphatha izihlahla nge-fungicides lapho izibonakaliso zokuqala zesifo zivela.
Izinhlobonhlobo "Miranda"
Ingxube ye-parthenocarpic yokuqala yenhloso yonke. Thatha impande kunoma iyiphi inhlabathi. Uhlamba ngamandla, nenani elikhulu lamaqabunga amakhulu, ama-ovaries angu-1 - 2 akhiwa ku-node eyodwa. Izithelo zobukhulu obuphakathi, ubude obuyi-11-12 cm ubude, obukhulu (110-120 g), ubujamo be-cylindrical. I-peel ihlanganiswe nama-tubercles amancane ombala omhlophe.
Umbala wezithelo uthakazelisa kakhulu - ikhukhamba lonke ligcwele uketshezi olunezinhlobo ezimhlophe zezingxube ezimhlophe, futhi imigqa ephuzi ifaka phakathi kwekhukhamba. Inyama iyamanzi kakhulu, iyamnandi, nephunga elimnandi. Engeza ukunambitheka okumnandi kunoma yisiphi isaladi, ngokwabo okuthakazelisayo kakhulu futhi okusha, futhi okusemathinini noma okufakwe emathinini.
Hlunga ukuvinjelwa kwesithwathwafuthi ayithinteki yiziningi zezifo zekhukhamba, kuhlanganise ne-powdery isikhutha.
Udinga ukuqala ngezithombo, ukutshala okungcono kakhulu okwenziwe maphakathi no-Ephreli. Ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi, izithombo zingafakwa endaweni yokushisa noma emhlabathini. Ngesikhathi izithombo kufanele "zihlale" ezimbizeni okungenani izinsuku ezingama-30. Uma utshala izithombo, inhlabathi kumele ifudumele kuze kube lokushisa okungenani 14 - 15 ̊С.
Uma ungahle uhlele ukudala ukwesekwa kwezihlahla, khona-ke ku-1 sikwele. Amamitha angahlwanyela izithombo ezingu-3 kuya kwezingu-4.
Uma ukulimala kwe-trellis kucatshangwa, kungcono ukuthi u-prikopat 2 - 3 izitshalo ngayinye indawo ngayinye. Inhlabathi yalezi zinhlobonhlobo ikhukhamba kufanele ibe nenhlabathi egcwele futhi egcwele kahle. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukusebenzisa izitshalo ezihlukahlukene emhlabathini ekwindla, kanye nokwengeza imfucumfucu, okuzosiza ekuqhumeni okukhulu komhlaba.
Ukuphuza njalo izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngesonto ngamanzi ashisayo kubalulekile. Uma isimo sezulu siphula ngokwanele, khona-ke inani lokuchelela kufanele lincishiswe ukuze kungabikho umswakama obuningi emhlabathini. Hlola ukuthi ngabe umhlaba udinga amanzi, kulula. Udinga ukuthatha umhlabathi omncane esandleni sakho bese ucindezela, uma inhlabathi igoqa, khona-ke kudingeka udle izihlahla. Uma kuhlanganiswa i-coma, umswakama ukwanele.
Kuyaqinisekile zalisaokuyinto ezocebisa futhi igcwalise inhlabathi nazo zonke izakhi zokulandelela ezidingekayo. Uma lesi sihlahla sandisa ngokunyuka umthamo we-vegetative, futhi izithelo azakhiwanga, khona-ke kudingeka udinga izitshalo. Khona-ke inqubo ye-fruiting izoqala.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngezinhlobo zama ukhukhamba aseShayina
Izinhlobonhlobo "Brigantine"
Kwasungulwa eSiberia. I-bee pollinating hybrid, ngekhathi esifushane sokuvuthwa (izinsuku ezingu-40 - 45). Izihlahla ezinqunyelweyo, ukuhlanganiswa ngezinga elilinganiselwe, amaqabunga amahlumela ayengekho kakhulu.
Amaqabunga ngokwawo asayizi obukhulu, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izithelo zobukhulu obuphakathi, 12-13 cm ubude, ngesisindo sitholakale 85-95 g, isakhiwo se-elliptical cylindrical. Ubuso buyi-tuberculate, umkhawulo we-tubercles umhlophe. Inyama ne-rind ziluhlaza, kepha isikhumba sinemibala eluhlaza.
Ukuvunwa okuphezulu, cishe 9 - 10 kg ne-1 isikwele. imibhede yemitha. Ukhukhamba lalezi zinhlobonhlobo kunambitheka kakhulu hhayi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi kufomini noma okusemathinini.
Izimpawu zamabhukhimaki kumele ziyenze ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Ibhukhimakhi lokujula liyisilinganiso. Ukunakekela izithombo ukuchelela njalo, ukufaka umquba, nokuthatha emva kokuvela kweqabunga lesibili ekudubula.
Ungakwazi ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini kusukela ekupheleni kukaMeyi kuya ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Phakathi kwemibhede eseduze kufanele kube ibanga lama-50 cm. Ngesikwele esingu-1. Imitha yomhlaba ingahlwanyelwa izithombo ezintathu - 4. Ngemuva kokuphela kokufakelwa, kuphakanyiswa ukuphuza umhlabathi bese uwumboza nge-mulch.
Uma kungenzeka ukuthi isimo sezulu siyaphenduka sibi kakhulu, kungcono ukumboza izithombo nge polyethylene ebonakalayo kuze kutholakale isimo sezulu esifudumele.
Ukunakekelwa kuqukethe ukuchelela njalo ngamanzi afudumele, kanti isikhathi phakathi kwabo kufanele sibe cishe kwezinsuku ezimbili, ngoba lezi zinhlobonhlobo zidinga umswakama. Ngokushesha emva kwakho izithombo ze-prikopali, zidinga ukuthulula amanzi amaningi afudumele, futhi emva kokuba umswakama ubambeke ngokuphelele, umhlaba kufanele ukhululeke.
Kwenzeka ukuthi izihlahla zihle futhi zihlaza, kodwa ungaqhakazi noma ungatheli izithelo, khona-ke udinga ukusika kancane amahlumela kusukela ekupheleni. Khona-ke izithelo zizoqala ukuvela. Ukuvuna akuzange kudumise, udinga yenza umanyolo owenziwe ngezitshalo nezimbiwaokuyinto empeleni inikeza izitshalo amandla engeziwe ukukhula kanye fruiting.
Hlunga "Mig"
Ezihlukahlukene ezihlukahlukene, ziqala ukuthela izithelo ezinsukwini ezingu-42 kuya kwezingu-45 emva kokuvela kwezithombo. Izihlahla zihamba kancane, zinamandla, zinamandla, zicebile. Izithelo ziyi-elliptical shape, inombalwa encane ye-tubercles, ekupheleni kwayo okuyi-spikes emincane emnyama.
Ukhukhamba lude kakhulu (12 - 20 cm), lukhulu kakhulu, ubukhulu bufinyelela ku-200 g, banambitha kakhulu. Umkhiqizo u-3 - 6 kg ngomitha wesikwele. imitha Ngemva kokususwa esihlahleni, isithelo asihlali isikhathi eside futhi sigcina imibala yaso.
Izinhlobonhlobo zizibonakalise kahle hhayi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi ekukhoneni nasekukhethweni. Ubude benkathi ye-fruiting yizinyanga ezingu-2 kuya kwezi-3. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, izithelo azithintekile yi-powdery isikhutha kanye ne-bacteriosis.
Izithombo zokuhlwanyela kufanele zenziwe maphakathi no-May, ukuze imbewu ibekwa emhlabathini ngokushisa okungenani ngo-17 ° C, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke nje ihlume. Lokhu kuhlukahluka, ngokuvamile, ezwela kakhulu ekushiseni nasekuthuleningakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina izithombo zifudumele.
Kubalulekile ukuphuza izithombo njalo ukuze babe namandla okwanele kanye nesikhumba semifino ngaphambi kokutshala. Ukujula kwembewu kufanele kube ngu-3 kuya ku-4 cm. Uma kuguqulwa ku-1 sikwele. Amamitha angahlwanyela izithombo ezingu-3 kuya kwezingu-4.
Kubalulekile ukuvikela ngokucophelela izihlahla ezivela ekushiseni nesomiso, kungenjalo bazofa nje. Ukunisela kufanele kube njalo, akufanele kube khona ukuphazamiseka. Amanzi izitshalo zidinga amanzi afudumele zonke izinsuku ezingu-2 kuya kwezingu-3 kuye ngokuthi yikuphi isimo sezulu esingaphandle. Kunconywa ukubopha amahlumela ku-trellis ukuze wenze lula ukuvuna.
Kuyadingeka ukuthi uphonse izihlahla ngaphambi kokuhluma, ukuze izithelo zikhudlwana futhi zibe mkhulu. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungadluli ngamanyolo, kokubili amaminerali kanye nemvelo.
Izinhlobonhlobo "I-Cascade"
Isikhathi semaphakathi-sizini, sivuthwe ezinsukwini ezingu-45 - 50. I-inflorescence yamahlathini yinsikazi. Izithelo ezitshalweni zivuthwe cishe kanyekanye. Izithelo zinesimo se-ellipsoid esine-elongated, enesibalo esincane se-tubercles, eside kakhulu (13-15 cm), sithola u-90-100 g isisindo, uhlaza obumnyama.
Abanini bezithelo bayakwazisa lokhu okuhlukahlukene ukuze ukunambitheka izithelo hhayi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi ekheniwe kanye ezifakwe emanzini. Izihlahla "Ukuqhuma" akuthinteki yi-downy isikhutha nezinye izifo ezikhulayo ze-ikhukhamba. Ukuvunwa okuphezulu, Isikwele esingu-7 - 8 kg. imitha
Uma une-greenhouse evuthayo, ungakwazi ukweqa isiteji sezithombo ezikhulayo. Kunoma yikuphi okunye, ukuhlwanyela kwembewu kufanele kwenziwe izinsuku ezingu-25 kuya kwezingu-30 ngaphambi kokutshala. Ukunakekela izithombo ezivamile.
Ukufika kufanele kwenziwe ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, lapho izinga lokushisa lomhlaba lifika ku-14-15 ° C. Ukutshala ubukhulu futhi kuvamile kanti izithombo ezingu-3 - 4 ngesikwele esingu-1. imitha Kunconywa ukuba lukhuni izithombo ngaphambi kokutshala ngokusebenzisa amazinga okushisa ayenayo nsuku zonke. Khona-ke izihlahla zihluma ngokushesha emhlabathini.
Ngokuba ukhukhamba, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphuza njalo nokufaka umquba, okudlala indima eqondile empilweni yezitshalo. Ukunisela kufanele kube njalo futhi kukhulu, ukuze amanzi afinyelele ekujuleni kokuhluma kwezimpande. Qinisekisa ukuthi ususa ukhula, okungamane nje uhambise ukhukhamba.
Ukukhulula inhlabathi kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kwandiswe ukufinyelela kwemoya ohlelweni lwempande. Kubalulekile ukutshala imibhede njalo, kanye nobunzima bomanyolo - ukuqala nge-potassium, i-phosphorus ne-nitrogen, ukuphela ngendaba ephilayo. Futhi, amahlathi angaboshwa ekusekeleni, kodwa i-trellis kumele ibe namandla ngokwanele ukuba ithwale isisindo sayo sonke isitshalo.
Ngakho-ke, ukhethe izinhlobo ezifanele zesakhiwo sakho, ngeke ukhule kuphela isivuno esihle, kodwa futhi uzothola isipiliyoni ekuhlaleni ukhukhamba. Ngisho noma uhlala eSiberia, ngisho nalapho ungakwazi ukukhula hhayi kuphela izimbali endlini yakho, kodwa futhi ukhukhamba aluhlaza ensimini. Bon appetit!
