Spread ezihlukahlukene nge ukunambitheka okuhle futhi isivuno - Inkazimulo kuya abawinile

I-Apples Inkazimulo Kwabalindile yizinhlobonhlobo zasehlobo zama-apula ezenziwe ngokwenziwa.

Kulesi sihloko sizobukeza kafushane umlando wezinhlobonhlobo, ukulima kwawo, futhi sinikeze amathiphu athile ekunakekeleni.

Uhlobo luni?

Abanqobileyo bangaba khona ehlobo noma ngisho nezinhlobo zehlobo zasehlobo apula ukukhethwa ekhaya. Abalandeli bezinhlobonhlobo - iPapirovka neMackintoshNgakho-ke, umphumela ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ze-morphological kufana kakhulu nabo.

Izithelo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zingagcinwa kokubili emabhaketheni nasemabhokisini enkuni - Ukudunyiswa kwabanqobi kungokwezihlobo eziphezulu. Igumbi lokugcina kufanele libe lihlanzekile, elomile nelomnyama, izinga lokushisa elinconywayo liphakathi kuka-5 no-10 degrees Celsius. Ngalokhu ngokuphelele i-cellar engaphansi komhlaba izokwenza.

Isikhathi sokugcina sama-apula sithinte kakhulu esifundeni esikhulayo. Isibonelo eningizimu yeRussia, izithelo zingagcinwa amasonto angama-2, nasezindaweni ezisenyakatho zokulima - izinyanga ezintathu (ngakho, esifundeni se-Oryol, isivuno siqoqwa ngoSepthemba, futhi singagcinwa kuze kube nguDisemba).

Ngokuphathelene nempova, Inkazimulo kwabanqobile - ibanga le-samobesplodny. Kulokhu, ama-pollinators atshalwa eduze kwawo. Ngaphezu kwakho konke izinhlobo ezifanele ezifana noMelba, Vadimovka, Priam, James Grieve, Delichiya, Antonovka ojwayelekile, iBorovinka.

Incazelo yeBangale Inkazimulo kwabanqobile

Kulesi sigaba, ungafunda incazelo eningiliziwe ye-Glory ehlukile kumuntu oyinqola futhi ubone izithombe eziningana zama-apula.

1. Umuthi wesiSlava weNkazimulo Abanqobi bangabizwa ngokuthi banamandla, kubhekwe umqhele obanzi-pyramidal, oneminyaka yobudala obushintsha umumo wawo ophakeme noma ophezulu kakhulu.
   

   Amagatsha amakhulu ahlanganiswe amagxolo aluhlaza futhi ahlukaniswe nesiqu endaweni elula kakhulu, ekhuphuka phezulu.
   

   Eminyakeni edlule, amagatsha aqondiswe ezinhlangothini, egcwele izithelo zezithelo.
   

   Amaqabunga asayizi obukhulu, ubujamo bumelela into ephakathi kwe-oval nombuthano, ukuphela kukhonjisiwe kancane.
   

   Umbala wamahlamvu ulula, ngezinye izikhathi nge-tinge ephuzi. Izimbali zine pink, ezifakwe njenge-saucer, amafihlethi abomvu. Inkazimulo kulabo abawinile iqhuma kakhulungenkathi ehambisa iphunga elimnandi, elimnandi.

2. Izithelo zinkulu, kaningi kangako ngobukhulu obuphakathi, zizungeza nge-oblong, ngezinye izikhathi zihambisana nomncintiswano omncane engxenyeni engenhla. Futhi phezu kwe-apula ungabona owodwa unqabile onqenqemeni oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
   

   Isikhumba sesithelo sibushelelezi, sihlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngombala nge-blush ecacile ehlanganisa yonke indawo yesithelo. Inyama iyisiqhwaga, imhlophe, imnandi, ukunambitheka kuhle kakhulu, kumnandi, kunomunyu omncane.

Isithombe

Umlando wokuzala

I-Grade Glory kuya Abawinile yamukelwa kusukela ekuhambeni izinhlobo zeMackintosh nePapirovka ngo-1929 eMlievsky. L.P. Simirenko. Umkhulumeli odumile wase-Ukraine uLev Mihajlovich Ro, kanye nomsizi wakhe - uPavel Yurevich Tsekhmistrenko, wasebenza ekudalweni kwezinhlobonhlobo.

Isifunda sokusabalalisa

Ukudunyiswa kwabanqobile kutholakala ngokuphelele endaweni yonke ye-former USSR, ngakho-ke njengoba kunjalo, indawo yokukhula kwemvelo ayikho.

Kodwa-ke, ukuzala kwesihlahla kuhluka kancane kuye ngokuthi indawo yokulima.

Ngakho eCentral Russia, ezihlukahlukene kusukela ngasekupheleni kwehlobo ziphendukela ekwindla. Ngokuba lonke iNkazimulo, abawinile bangakhula kokubili eningizimu eningizimu nakwezindawo ezisenyakatho, ezipholile - ezihlukahlukene ziyaziwa ngokuba nzima kwebusika.

Ukuthela

Izihlahla zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zithela izithelo ezindaweni eziseningizimu ezimpandeni ezitshalo ezikhula kancane emva kweminyaka emihlanu.

Iseva iya ngisho nangaphezulu ngaphambi kokuba umuthi uqale ukuthela izithelo.

Eningizimu eningizimu, nge-agrofone enhle, i-fruiting nayo ingenzeka emithini ye-biennial.

Eminyakeni embalwa yokuqala ukuvunwa kuvamile, khona-ke i-periodicity yakhiwa, iqiniseke ngokuqinile ngesimo semvelo efanayo yezolimo. Ukukhiqiza ngaphezu kwesilinganiso - kuye ngokuthi isifunda nezinye izimo zingaqoqwa kusuka kuma-110 kuya ku-200 abaphakathi kwamapula amahekthemu ngalinye engadini.

Ukutshala nokunakekelwa

Izincomo ezijwayelekile zokutshala nokunakekela isihlahla zifana nanoma yikuphi okunye okuhlukahlukene, noma kunjalo kunezici ezithile ezikhethekile.

Iviki ngaphambi kokutshala, kubalulekile ukulungiselela izimbobo Amamitha angu-70 ububanzi nobude.

Ukujula kufanele kube kufika kumitha eli-1.

Ngaphansi kwegodini udinga ukuthululela inhlabathi emnyama noma enye inhlabathi evundile, engeza umquba ophilayo, ungawufaka umlotha, u-humus noma ithambo lesidlo.

Qaphela ngokucophelela ukuthi uphethiloli yi-stem bese uyibeka ngokucophelela phakathi komgodi bese uqondisa izimpande ngezandla zakho. Bese ugcwalisa umgodi ngomhlaba, ngenkathi ungavumeli izimpande ziboshwe futhi ungazivumeli zilimale. Khona-ke umuthi kufanele uthululwe kakhulu - kulezi zimbiza zamanzi. Ungaguqa isikhonkwane bese ubopha isithombo kuso.

Abanqobileyo bangadliwa kokubili ekwindla nasekuseni kwentwasahlobo. Uma wanquma ukutshala izihlahla emva kokuwa, ngaphambi kokuba udinga ukusika wonke amaqabunga avela ensikeni.

Iminyaka yokuqala engu-2-3 yokunakekela i-apula encane iqukethe ukuchelela njalo nokususwa kokhula.. Khona-ke imithi yalezi ezihlukahlukene kufanele iphathwe, njenganoma yimuphi omunye - ufafaze ngesikhathi, amanzi, ukudla, kanye namagatsha asempumalanga. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akufanele ukwesabe ukusika ngokweqile.

Izifo nezinambuzane

Inkazimulo ye-Apple Abanqobile bayathinteka yizifo ezifanayo nezinye izinhlobo.

Uzocabangela izinkinga ezinkulu umlimi angase ahlangane ngenkathi ekhula ngokukhazimulayo kwabanqobi:

1. Idonsa likaMealy. Kubonakala sengathi i-white bloom emaqabunga kanye namahlumela, okukhishwa kalula ngeminwe okokuqala, bese igxilile futhi ithola u-brown tint. Amaqabunga aphuzi futhi amile, umuthi uyeke ukukhula futhi uthele izithelo.
   

   Ukuze unqobe lesi sifo, izihlahla ze-apula zifafazwe nge-oxychloride yethusi ngokushesha ngemva kokuqhakaza. Kungenzeka ukwelapha isihlahla ngisho nangemva kokuvuna - ngoba lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukufafaza ngesisombululo se-copper sulphate noma i-boric acid.

2. Scab - njenge-powdery isikhutha, isifo se-fungal. Kulesi sifo, amaqabunga ama-curl, asomile futhi awa, amabala amnyama avela esithelweni.
   

   Ukuqeda isikhumba, kubalulekile ukuphatha izihlahla kanye nezithombo nge-Topaz.



3. I-Cystoporosis - futhi kubangelwa amafungus. Kubonakala sengathi izilonda ezinombala obumnyama emagqabeni esitshalo. Uma i-cystoporosis ingelashwa, i-bark izoqala ukuma futhi iwa. Yiphathe ngesisombululo sokufafaza somuthi okuthiwa u-Hom.
4. Izithelo Rot - ama-apula avule futhi ahlanganiswe nezindawo ezimnyama. Mphathwe ngomuthi ofanayo Hom.
5. I-Milky luster. Amaqabunga amancane ashiya ama-blister futhi ahlasele, bese isifo sifinyelela ehlathini, emva kwalokho inzima yokuma i-apula ilukhuni ukuma. Umzabalazo wezinkanuko ezinamandla unzima futhi unzima - ngaphezu kwamalungiselelo amaningana, kubalulekile ukuphatha izilonda kwi-cortex ngeglue ekhethekile.

Ukubamba iqhaza, kufanele kuthiwe iNkazimulo kuMninimzi - izinhlobo eziningi zama-apula zivame kakhulu. Ubunzima bebusika bakhe, ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu nokuvunwa okuphezulu kuvumela ukuba aqinise ngokuqinile isikhundla sakhe emakethe.