Ukuvuna kanye nobusika-ezihlukahlukene ze-apula izihlahla ze-Veteran

Insimu ngayinye idinga ukuvuselelwa njalo. Imithi iguga, ilahlekelwa isivuno, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile kufanele ishintshwe ngezitshalo ezintsha.

Iyiphi uhlobo lwe-apula ongayikhetha? Isihlahla somuthi omusha kufanele sibe okuvuthiwe, ebusika-obuqinile, ukumelana nezifo ezinjengesiko, nokuletha izithelo ezinomsoco ezimnandi.

Akungabazeki Ama-apple ahlukahlukeneIsithombe nesichazelo saso esihlokweni sethu sinayo yonke le mfanelo.

Uhlobo luni?

Isiqhawe sibhekisela ngezinhlobo zasebusika ama-apula anokuvuthwa emva kwesikhathi, okwakhiwa kwi-All-Russian Scientific Research Institute yezolimo zokuzala izithelo zesikole saseRussia.

Lezi zihlukahlukene ziye zavunyelwa ukulima Isizinda seNkatha Yomhlaba Omnyama weRussia futhi ezindaweni ezingu-6 IBelarus ngo-1989.

Kuzo izinhlobo zasebusika zezihlahla ze-apula nazo zingezo: Lada, Cliff, uRennet Simirenko, Snowdrop no-Aport.

Ukuvota

I-Apple Veteran yizinhlobonhlobo ezithandekayo. I-pollinated yi-pollen yayo, ngakho-ke ayidingi impova.

Le mfanelo kusiza umuthi wesithelo ukuba ungathembeki ezimweni zesimo sezulu nendiza yezinhlamvu zezinyosi nezinyosi, okuvumela ukuba unike isivuno esizinzile.

Incazelo yokuhlukahluka i-Veteran

Cabanga ngokwehlukana ukubonakala kwe-apula nezithelo.

I-Apple tree veteran inayo ukuphakama okuphakathiokungukuthi, kufinyelela ayikho ngaphezu kwamamitha amathathu phezulu. Apple umqhele uhlukile isimo esihle spherical.

Ngokuba amagxolo amagatsha kanye nesihlahla somuthi yisici esibomvu. Amahlumela amancane amancane anombala omnyama onemibala kanye ne-pubescent encane. Emagatsheni amasha, i-lentile ikhona njengama-strokes amancane asetshenziselwa ukushintshaniswa kwegesi. Amafihledi aqinile ngokuqinile emagatsheni.

Amahlamvu aluhlaza anomumo ovoid ngamaphethelo ahlanganiswe kancane, ama-petioles amancane kanye nemifushane emifushane. Ipuleti leqabunga liphikisiwe futhi liphelile, kancane linamathele emaphethelweni. Izimbali ezincane ze-apula zidwetshwe ngamathoni amhlophe.

Ama-apula ahlukahlukeneyo i-Veteran izithelo eziphakathi nendawo ezilingana no-160 g Ngomumo, kancane sithwetshiwe, futhi siseduze nesicu se-conical.

I-peel yesithelo sinesakhiwo esibucayi esinesisindo esincane, sinokukhanya okuncane futhi sigcwele i-wax encane. Amachashazi amahle amancane avela esikhumbeni.

Ububanzi obukhulu bombala wama-apula buphuzi-igolide. Ihlanganiswe ngokuhlunga okuncane kwe-pink shades ngesimo samabala ngamaphethelo angenangqondo, ama-strokes nama-specks.

I-juicy fruit pulp ine-ukunambitheka okumnandi nokumuncu okumnandi kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokudla okumnandi, amaphuzu we-apula we-Veteran ayenjalo kusuka ku-4.3 kuya ku-4.5 amaphuzu ngesilinganiso se-5-point.

Izinhlobonhlobo ezinjengo-Anis, Medunitsa, Molodezhny, Aromatic and Orlinka zikhombisa ukunambitheka okuhle nokuzuza.

Ukuvuna ama-apula U-Veteran angakwazi kakade ngo-September. Ezimweni ezipholile, izithelo zigcina zonke izimfanelo zazo. kuze kube sekupheleni kwebusika ngisho nesikhathi eside.

Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa okusha, izithelo zifanelekele ukulondolozwa kanye nezinye izinhlobo zokucubungula (jam, jam, jam, njll).

Isithombe

Umlando wokuzala

Ibanga lesi-veteran litholakala esiteshini sezithelo se-Oryol iqembu labafuyi N. G. Krasov, uM V. Mikheev no E. N. Sedova.

Umuthi we-apula wawuhlwanyelwa imbewu yokuhlwanyela etholakala e-pollination yamahhala yezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokhetho lwaseMelika INkosi ngo-1961.

Ngemuva kweminyaka eyisishiyagalombili ngo-1969, umuthi wokuqala we-apula wawuthwala izithelo zokuqala, futhi ngo-1972 kwaba njalo zibalwa phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-elite.

Okulandelayo, ukuhlukahluka kwe-apple okusha kudlulile ukuhlolwa kwezwe. Kusukela ngo-1989 wavumela ukutshala kwawo eRussia.

Isifunda sokusabalalisa

Ngokuba ukutshala izihlahla zezithelo kubonisa inkinga ebaluleke kakhulu yobusika obusika, ngoba ubusika obunzima abuyinto engavamile emaphakathini aseRussia.

I-Apple Tree Veteran ihlukahlukene medium frost ukumelana. Ngaphandle kwalokho Isifunda se-Central Black Earthikhula kahle futhi iveza izithelo Izifunda zaseNyakatho-Western naseningizimu yeCentral Russia.

Kwezinye izindawo, ukuhlakulela izilwane ezihlukahlukene ze-Veteran kubhekene nengozi yokuqhwaza kwesihlahla ngisho nobusika obuvamile, futhi lapho kunzima kakhulu, ukufa kwe-apula akukhipha.

Izinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana nezifo ezinjenge //selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html. Le mfanelo ibalulekile ekulimeni okudala ezindaweni umswakama ophezulu, ngoba isikhumba ngokuvamile kuleso simo sithinta izihlahla zezithelo.

Izinhlobo nazo ziphikisana nalesi sikhumba: Malt Bagaevsky, uNarodny, u-Altai Bagryanaya, uBerkutovsky noVenyaminovsky.

Ukuthela

Ezihlukahlukene zezilwane yisici ukunemba nokukhiqiza. Izihlahla ze-Apple ziqala ukuthela izithelo kakade ngomnyaka wesine noma wesihlanu.

Kusukela komunye umuthi oneminyaka engu-8 ungakwazi ukuqoqa cishe ama-60 kg ama-apula anamanzi, nangemva kwalokho Uneminyaka engu-13 ubudala umuthi owodwa we-apula uyakwazi ukuletha kakade 80 kg. Isikhathi sokuvuna siyeza ngemuva kukaSepthemba 15.

Imikhiqizo ephezulu iyinhlobo ehlukene: Knight, Welsey, Lobo, Imrus noAntey.

Ukutshala nokunakekelwa

Izihlahla ze-Apple zitshalwe entwasahlobo kuze kufike amaqabunga, noma ekwindla izinyanga ezimbili noma ezintathu ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa, ukuze umuthi omncane ube nesikhathi sokutshala. Abalimi abaningi bakhetha ukutshala ekwindla. Kukholelwa ukuthi kulolu cala, lo mswakama ujwayele ukujwayela ngokushesha futhi kangcono.

Kungcono ukuthenga izinto zokutshala ngenqubo yezimpande ezivulekile ukuze ukwazi ukuyihlola kuzo zonke izinhlangothi.

Okuthandwayo kufanele kunikezwe isiteji esikhulile ezimweni zezulu efana neyakho.

I-Apple Tree encane, ifakwe kusuka ezindaweni ezingaseningizimu, kuzodlulisa ubuhlungu kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungathatha iminyaka eminingana ukuvumelanisa isihlahla ngezimo ezinzima kakhulu, futhi ukuhluma kwesihlahla se-apula kuyofika ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Kubalulekile!Ukukhetha ukuthungatha, ngokuthengwa kufanele kunakekele izimpande zawo. Kungcono uhlelo lwempande luyasungulwa, ngokushesha umuthi we-apula uzothatha izimpande.

Indawo ye-apula ikhethiwe evulekile futhi ilanga, lapho amanzi angeke athole khona ngemva kwemvula enamandla. Ngokudlulele engathandeki indawo yomuthi ngamanzi angaphansi komhlaba.

Uma kungenjalo, kuyothinta kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwesitshalo kanye nomkhiqizo wayo. Inhlabathi ingcono kakhulu isihlabathi esivundile noma i-loamy.

Ukutshala izithombo ze-apula Isikhukhula senziwa kanje:

Silungisa umgodi wokutshala ukuze kube nesiteji ekwindla. Uma utshala ekwindla, kuhle ukupheka inyanga ngaphambili.

Ubukhulu bomgodi obuhle bungaba ngu-80 cm ngobubanzi, ukuphakama nokujula. Izindonga zenza kahle. Uma kukhona izithombo eziningana, sigcina cishe amamitha amane ubude phakathi kwabo.

Gcwalisa umgodi ngenhlanganisela evundile yomhlaba. Senza kusukela phezulu ungqimba lomhlabathi, umquba, umquba omdala obolile, i-humus kanye no-0.5 amalitha omlotha.

Uma inhlabathi ingobumba, engeza isihlabathi esinamalahle ngesilinganiso se-1: 1. 150 noma 200 g ama-fertilizer (i-potash ne-superphosphate) yengezwe engxenyeni..

Awukwazi ukwenza ama-nitrogen fertilizer kanye ne-lime, engashisa izimpande zezithombo.

Gcwalisa umgodi ngezingqimba ze-20 cm. Ingqimba ngayinye ihlanganiswe kahle. Kudingekile ukugcwalisa umgodi "negquma".

Ngemva kwenyanga, emva kokuba umhlaba uhlezi, sitshala isitsha. Yenza umgodi emhlabathini ngobukhulu bezimpande zesitshalo. Sishayela phakathi kwesigxobo sokhuni ukuhlanganisa isiqu.

Ingxenye engezansi ye-cola kufanele ibe yashiswa ngaphambi kokugwema ukubola. Kumelwe 70 cm ukukhuluma ngaphezu komhlaba.

Ngaphansi komgodi sakha isigundane, faka umuthi we-apula kuwo futhi uqondise izimpande.

Sigcwalisa umgodi ngesithombo semhlaba, siwuzungeza kancane, ukuze inhlabathi igcwalise wonke ama-void akha phakathi kwezimpande.

Sivumelanisa umhlaba nxazonke zomuthi, kodwa ungashiseki ukugwema ukuphula izimpande.

Sibopha i-apula esixotsheni nge-loop ngesimo sesishiyagalombili.

Siphonsa imbobo ngamabhakede amabili noma amathathu emanzini kanye nomquba ezungeze isiqu somhlabathi ovulekile noma i-humus. Emva kwamasonto ambalwa, ukuchelela kudinga ukuphindwa.

Kubalulekile! Uma utshalwa isithombo, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi intamo yawo impande ikhuphuka ngaphezu komhlaba ngaphandle kwe-5 cm. Le ndawo yokuguquka kusukela esihlahleni kuya ezimpandeni inganqunywa ukuguquka komthunzi ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuze kube mnyama.

Ukuze umuthi we-apula we-Veteran uthuthuke ngokushesha, ube nempilo futhi ulethe isivuno esihle esikhathini esizayo, udinga ukuwunika umsebenzi omningi, ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa.

Ukunakekela isihlahla kanje:

Ukunisela Ukuchelela okufaneleko kwanda ukukhiqiza okungama-25%, noma ngisho no-40%. Esikhathini esomile, imifino nemifino encane kufanele iphuze ngamabhakede amabili amanzi njalo ezinsukwini eziyishumi.

Izihlahla ezivuthiwe zinconywa ukuba ziphuze izikhathi ezine ngesikhathi sonyaka. Okokuqala - ngaphambi kokuqala kweqabunga ukukhula. Okwesibili - amasonto ambalwa emva kokuphela kwezimbali. Okwesithathu - amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokuvuna, kanti owesine - ngo-Okthoba.

Izinga lokunisela lomuthi owodwa: unyaka onyakeni - cishe amabhakede amathathu wamanzi, eneminyaka engu-3-5 ubudala - kusukela ku-5 ukuya ku-8 amabhakede, eneminyaka engu-6-10 ubudala-kusukela ku-12 kuya ku-15 amabhakede. Ungakwazi ukuhambisa indlela yokugcoba nokuhamba, kanye nendlela yokufafaza.

Ukukhulula inhlabathi. Le nqubo inikeza ukufinyelela emoyeni ezimpandeni zomuthi wesithelo, kugcina umswakama futhi kusiza ukuqeda ukhula. Kudingekile ukukhulula umbuthano we-trunk emva kokuchelela okunye, bese uwuthambisa.

Khulisa. Lena enye ingxenye yempumelelo, okungukuthi, isivuno esihle. Ukusika izihlahla ezisemuva kungase kube nomthelela ekuveleni kokuqala.

Ukudubula kokuqala kwenziwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokutshala imbewu enhlabathini. Ukufihleka okuncane kusele engxenyeni engezansi yesihlahla, futhi isihloko se-trunk esiyinhloko sinqunywe.

Emithini ye-apple ye-biennial neyasendulo, izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu ubude bamagatsha zishiywa lapho zihlahla. Kuyinto efiselekayo shiya amahlumela okwedlulele ngaphandle kwamagatsha. Lokhu kubalulekile ekwakheni umqhele oqondile.

Emithini eveza izithelo, ingxenye yamagatsha isuswe ngendlela yokuthi umqhele ngo-75% wehlile ngokwevolumu. Ukunciphisa kwayo kukuvumela ukuba ususe indlela eya esitsheni sokukhanya kwelanga.

Ngandlela-thile, wonke amagatsha ase-apula omisiwe aqoshwa. Ukwehla kusetshenzwa ngepaki legadi. Emithini emincane, lokhu ukwelashwa kwenziwa kuphela ngosuku. Amagatsha aphansi we-apula awaqediwe.

Umquba. Uma ngesikhathi sokutshala umanyolo isetshenziswe enhlabathini, eminyakeni emithathu yokuqala kutholakala kahle entwasahlobo ukuze ukondle i-apula ngesihloko sokwemvelo njengomquba obolile noma umquba.

Uma umuthi unomthombo wasentwasahlobo Izitshalo ezibuthakathaka zingabonwa, ungaphinda ukondla ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Ama-apula ama-fruiting njalo ngonyaka ekwindla anikezwa nge-phosphate, potash kanye ne-nitrogen fertilizer.

Izinga eliphezulu livame ukukhonjiswa kuphakheji. Uma inhlabathi iyimpofu, ngemuva kokuchichima, kuyisifiso sokondla i-apula ngesihlahla somanyolo.

Ngalokhu ungasebenzisa, isibonelo, ukukhipha noma isisombululo sezinyoni zezinyoni ezihlanjululwa ngamanzi ngesilinganiso se-1:10. Umquba kufanele uhlangane nokunisela futhi usetshenziswe emiphongolweni eguguwe nxazonke zomjikelezo we-trunk.

Ukulungiselela ubusika. Ngaphambi kwama-frosts okuqala, isiyingi somuthi sesihlahla siphambanisa futhi sikhubhule nge peat, sawdust, humus noma umquba.

Ukuvikela ngokumelene namagundane amancane ne-hares trunk ehlanganiswe emagatsheni aseFree ngesihlahla se-spruce. Ngalokhu ungasisebenzisa futhi umhlanga noma isikhumba emigqeni eminingi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-trunk yomuthi omncane igwetshwe ngesixazululo somgodi. I-whitewash i-lime isetshenziselwa izihlahla ze-apula ezivuthiwe.

Izifo nezinambuzane

I-Apple Veteran ayinamathele esikhaleni, kodwa ihlaselwa izinambuzane eziningi.

Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-beetle ye-goldtail, i-moth yezithelo, i-aphid, i-sucker, i-aple i-beetle, i-bark beetle, i-hawthorn miner moth ne-silkworm - futhi akulona uhlu lonke.

Izinambuzane zidala umonakalo omkhulu hhayi nje esihlahleni kuphela, kodwa futhi nesitshalo, ukunciphisa ukumelana nesithwathwa se-apula, ukumelana nokugula, ukulimaza kanye nekhwalithi yezithelo.

Ukulwa nezinambuzane ezivunguzayo kuqala ngezinyathelo zokuzivikela:

• ukulima okuphakathi komugqa, ukugcoba okumhlophe kwe-boles;
• spring pruning of amagatsha, ukwelashwa amanxeba, ukuqoqa carrion, ukuhlanza amagxolo ezindala;
• ukuhlunga kwentwasahlobo yendawo yomhlanga kanye nemithi enezindlela ezikhethekile (i-Bordeaux liquid, 3% i-nitrafen, njll) ngenhloso yokubhubhisa izinambuzane eziqhamukayo, amaqanda nama-pathogens.

Ekuhlaselweni kwezinambuzane ukwelashwa kwezihlahla ze-apula ezinamalungiselelo afanele kudingeka. Noma kunjalo, umsebenzi onjalo kufanele wenziwe ngokuhambisana neziyalezo ukuze ungalimazi isivuno esizayo.

Kubalulekile! Ukucubungula ama-apula ngamalungiselelo ahlukahlukene kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kwenyanga ngaphambi kokuvuna.

Izifo ezivame kakhulu ze-fungal ze-apula:

Idonsa likaMealy - I-plaaly emhlophe e-Mealy kuzo zonke izingxenye zesitshalo.

Ukwelashwa: entwasahlobo - ukwelashwa nge-Topaz noma i-Skor, ngemuva kokuchichima ngamalungiselelo ethusi, emva kokuvuna ne-Bordeaux ingxube.

I-Cytosporosis - ukubonakala komuthi wezilonda ezinobomvu obomvu emagqumeni, emva kwalokho igxolo lifa ngamagatsha kanti umuthi ungase ufe.

Ukwelashwa: ukwelashwa ne "Hom" entwasahlobo ngesikhathi sokuhluma ukuvuvukala nangemva kokubhakabhaka. Ngaphambi kokuchichima, kuyadingeka ukuphatha lesi sitshalo nge-sulphate yethusi.

Izithelo Rot - imfundo ngezithelo zamabala asundu.

Ukwelashwa: ukuqoqwa kanye nokubhujiswa kwezithelo ezigulayo, ukwelashwa nge-"Hom" ukulungiselela ngesikhathi seqabunga ekhula futhi emva kokuqhakaza.

Uma isimo sezulu sesifunda sakho sivumele, sitshala engadini yakho i-apula esibizwa ngokuthi i-Veteran. Ngokunakekelwa ngokucophelela nokunakekelwa, isihlahla sesithelo ngokuqinisekile siyokunika isivuno esicebile sezithelo ezinomsoco futhi ezihlwabusayo.