Ngaphandle kwama-amino acids, lipids, ama-carbohydrate namavithamini, amaminerali, okuthiwa ama-macroelements (i-sodium, i-calcium, i-phosphorus, i-potassium, isulfure, i-chlorine, i-magnesium) kanye nezakhi zokulandelela (iron, ithusi, i-zinc, i-manganese, i-iodine, i-fluorine abanye).
Izifo ezibangelwa ukuntuleka kwamaminerali yizimo ze-pathological ezibangelwa ukuncishiswa kwe-macro-microelements ezinkukhu ezinkukhu.
Kuyini ukuntuleka kwamaminerali ezinyoni?
Zonke izinkukhu, kokubili ukuhlobisa (ama-parrot, ama-canaries, amapikole, njll), kanye nokulima (izinkukhu, ama-turkeys, goose, njll) izinhlobo zisengozini. Ukuhlupheka ngenxa yesifo kungaba izinyoni zanoma yikuphi ubudala.
Ngaphezu kokubonakaliswa okuqondile kokuntuleka kwamaminerali, kukhona okuvamile:
- ukukhula okubambezelekile nentuthuko yabasha;
- ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda anciphile;
- ukukhathala, ubuthakathaka bemisipha (izinyoni azikwazi ukuma ngezinyawo);
- ukubulawa komuntu (i-poklev ipeni, amaqanda);
- i-alopecia ne-apteriosis (izinyoni zilahlekelwa izimpaphe zazo, isikhumba sabo siphelile futhi sishayeke).
Ekhulwini leminyaka edlule, lesi sifo asizange senzeke, kodwa ngokuguqulwa kwezinkukhu ezinkukhu ekukhiqizeni ngokukhethekile, okwenziwe ngegranulated futhi okucindezelweyo, ukuntuleka kwamaminerali kwaba yinto evamile.
Lokho Yeka ukuthi kuyingozi kangakanani le nkinga echazwe ngu:
- izinga lokungafaneleki kwemithi ethile yamaminerali (noma izinga lokungalingani phakathi kwezinto eziningana zamaminerali);
- ubude bezinyoni ekudleni okungalungile;
- isimo somzimba senyoni.
Kuye ngalezi zimo, umonakalo ungase uhluke - kusukela ekunciphiseni okuncane komkhiqizo nokwehliswa kwempaphe kuze kube sekufeni kwezinyoni ezincane nezindala.
Izimbangela zesifo
Izimo ezincane eziphathelene nokuntuleka kwezinto ezimbiwa ngamaminerali ziphakama, njengombuso, ngezizathu eziningana ezihlobene, okunye okukhuphula omunye, okwenza umbuthano ononya.
Uma kwenzeka ukwephulwa kwamakhemikhali namancane, ukuhlanganiswa kwamaprotheni abathuthayo kuphazanyiswa, okubandakanya nje ukudluliselwa kwezinto ezimbiwa ngamaminerali ngokusebenzisa i-membrane yeseli.
Ukunyuka kwezici ezithile ngokusebenzisa izinso namathumbu kukhula. Lezi zinqubo zisho nakakhulu ngokuphulwa kwe-acid-base balance of blood nokugaya. Ukuntuleka kwamaminerali kuholela ekushintsheni ohlelweni lwe-endocrinefuthi, naye, ulahlekelwa ikhono lokulawula ukushintshaniswa kwezakhi ezincane nezikhulu.
Izimbangela zesifo kungaba:
- ukungeneli okwanele kwamaminerali ekudleni;
- ukungabi namanoni, ukusiza ukungena kwamaminerali;
- isifo sezinkukhu ezinomuthi;
- ukuhlasela kwangaphakathi kwe-parasitic;
- ukwephulwa kwezimo zezinkukhu zokugcina (ukuqhuma ngokweqile, ukukhanya okunganele, umoya we-saturation ngegesi elimazayo).
Izifundo nezimpawu
I-calcium - enye yezinto ezibalulekile, kuyadingeka ukwakha ama-skeleton, izimpaphe, imifino, ama-claws kanye nama-eggshell.
Ukwakhiwa kwe-eggshell kancane kancane kwengxenye yazo zonke i-calcium emzimbeni wenyoni.
Ukunciphisa amazinga e-calcium kubonakala:
- ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo somzimba;
- i-anemia (ungase uqaphele ubukhulu besikhumba kanye nezinambuzane ezinamanzi ezinyoni);
- ukuxubha;
- amazinga amaprotheni ancishisiwe;
- ukumbumba, ukwehluleka kwamathambo.
Ngokuvamile yi-calcium ne-phosphorus, uma i-calcium inomzimba cishe izikhathi ezingu-1.7, kodwa lesi sibalo sihluka futhi sincike esimweni sokuphila kanye nesikhathi sokuphila kwenyoni.
Izinga le-phosphorus elinciphise liholela ekulahlekelweni kwe-calcium futhi, ngenxa yalokho, isifo se-osteoporosis. I-eggshell iba mncane kakhulu, ukuhlukumeza kwezinkukhu kunciphisa.
Ezinyoni ezincane, ukulahlekelwa kwe-phosphorus kuhambisana:
- ukuqina buthakathaka;
- umlomo we-malyatsii, ukuvuthwa kwamathambo;
- i-rickets nokulibaziseka kwentuthuko.
Lapho uneminyaka engu-5 ubudala, cishe amaphesenti angama-14% abancane abanokuntula okukhulu kwe-phosphorus bayafa.
Ukungakwazi i-sodium ne-chlorine kucatshangwa ngokubambisana njengokuphulwa kokushintshaniswa kasawoti. Ngokuvamile, ukuntuleka kwe-sodium kwenzeka ngokuphulwa kokugoma emathunjini noma ngokuqedwa kwezinso. Ukuntuleka kwe-chlorine kwenzeka ekwelapheni izinyoni ezinama-antibiotic ngendlela ye-potassium usawoti kanye ne-nitrate.
Izimpawu ziyi:
- ukuphuza ukukhula;
- ukunciphisa ikhwalithi yegobolondo leqanda;
- ukubulawa komuntu, isibonelo, ezitheni ze-bronze ezidonsa inqwaba kuholela ekubunjweni kwamehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (uma izinduku zonakalisiwe, i-pigment iyanyamalala futhi i-tattoo ivela).
Ngokuntuleka i-chlorine ezinyoni ezincane, izimpukane kanye nokukhubazeka kwemisipha kungenzeka, futhi ukuntula klorine okunzima kuholela ekufeni kwenyoni ngamacala angu-58%.
Potassium ikakhulukazi abasha. Okuvamile kokuqukethwe kwe-potassium kokudla kuyinto engu-0.4-0.5%. Ngokuntuleka kwe-potassium, ukwephulwa kwenqubo ye-cardiovascular, imisipha yomlenze wesigxathu, ukwehla kwezingqondo, izinyoni ziba yizinkinga futhi aziphenduli kahle.
I-Magnesium ngoba ingxenye enkulu isesimweni esiboshwe ekubunjweni kwamathambo esithambo.
Ngemuva kwesonto emva kokuqedwa kokudla kwe-magnesium ne-supplements ezinyoni ezincane, izinga lokuncipha kwenqwaba yemisipha liyanciphisa, izinga lezinyoni liyanciphisa, izinyoni zenqaba ukudla, ungabona ukuthuthumela, ukuvela, ukunyakaza okungalawulwa, ukuphazamiseka, izinyoni ziyafa.
Ezinyoni ezifile, ungabona isimo esingokwemvelo sekhanda - siphindwa emuva, ngaphansi komzimba, sithuthukisiwe phambili. Ngokuntuleka kwe-calcium, isimo siba nzima kakhulu. Okuqukethwe okwanele kwe-magnesium ku-feed 0.4% ngezinkukhu no-0.5% ngezinkukhu.
Udinga gland kwenza 20-60 mg. Ikakhulukazi insimbi iyadingeka ngezinyoni ezikhulayo.
Ngokuntuleka kwayo okuphawulekayo:
- i-anemia;
- ukoma, ukwehluleka kwempaphe, ukulahleka kwayo;
- ukunambitha ukuhlanekezela;
- ukubheka isikhumba;
- ukulibaziseka kokuthuthukiswa.
I-Copper ngokuvamile itholakala ngokwanele kokudla okwenzelwe izinyoni. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwayo (ngokuphindaphindiwe, ukwephula ukungena), inqwaba yezinyoni ezincane ihlala iphansi, kwezinye izimo kukhona inhlanzi yezinambuzane ezinomuncu, ukukhishwa kwesikhumba, ukuchithwa kwempaphe.
I-Zinc Iyingxenye ye-enzyme, yenza umsebenzi we-activator yayo, igcizelela isakhiwo samakhemikhali athile. Ngokuvamile uma usebenzisa abanikazi bewayini nabaphuza utshwala be-zinc akuveli. Kodwa isidingo se-zinc sikhula ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kanye nokuqukethwe okwandisiwe kwe-calcium ekudleni.
Ukuntuleka kwe-Zinc kubonakala ngokunciphisa emsebenzini we-epithelium wepheshana lomzimba, ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba. Imibungu, imiphumela yokwehla kwe-zinc ibaluleke nakakhulu: kukhona ukuvinjelwa komgogodla, ukwelashwa kokuthuthukiswa kwe-skull, ubuchopho, amehlo nezinye izitho.
Iodine etholakala ezintanjeni zezinyosi zezinyoni, ngokubeka izinkukhu - nazo ezinamaqanda. Umthamo omkhulu we-iodine kubantu abadala ababeka izinyoni yi-0.5 mg / kg, isitokisi esincane - 0.3 mg / kg. Iodine ibalulekile ekukhuleni okuvamile kombungu.
Izimpawu zokuntuleka kwe-iodine kukhona ukukhubazeka kwemibungu, ukunqunywa kwezinyoni ezindala, izimpaphe eziphaphathekile, izinguquko ezinama-tisses oviduct.
I-Molybdenum itholakala kalula emathunjini, kodwa uma amaprotheni e-soy engekho ekudleni, ukumunca kubi nakakhulu kuze kube yilapho sekuyeka. Ukubonakaliswa okucacile kokuntuleka kwe-molybdenum kuwukukhwabanisa emathangeni, ukuvinjelwa kwamathambo wesifazane.
I-Manganese idlala indima ebalulekile ohlelweni lwe-endocrine lwezinyoni. Isidingo se-magnesium ezinyoni ezindala - 30 mg, ezinkukhu - 50 mg. Ukuntuleka kwama-manganese ekudleni kuholela ekunyameni okungalawulwa, ukuphazamiseka komzimba, ukukhulelwa kwesiguli kanye ne-cartilage. Ngokuvamile izinyoni zihlukanisa, kukhona uphawu "lokuhlanganyelana" kanye nezinguquko emathanjeni amathumba.
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Udinga selenium - 0.2-0.3 mg ngekg of feed. Ukubonakaliswa okungokwemvelo kokuntuleka kwe-selenium kuyindlela yokunciphisa ubuchopho nokugqama okukhulu kombala ophuzi ophuzi emathanjeni angama-fat, wethanga, nesisu. Kukhona ukuvuvukala kwamajoyina, izinyoni azikwazi ukuhamba. Isifo se-muscle esimhlophe sikhula, ikakhulukazi ku-turkeys namadada.
Ukuhlonza
Okokuqala, umuntu kufanele aqaphele ukuziphatha kwezinyoni: aziphathe yini ngokungapheli kunokujwayelekile noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, kubonakala sengathi yi-lethargic, akaphenduli lutho.
Khona-ke, hlola ukuthi izinyoni zinezibonakaliso ezivamile zokuntuleka kwamaminerali: ngabe inani lamaqanda liyehlile, uma inqwaba iba yimbi kakhulu, uma ukukhula okuncane kusalandela.
Ukuxilongwa kokugcina kusekwe udokotela wezilwane. ngokusekelwe ezimpawu zomtholampilo kanye nezinguquko ze-pathological (lokhu, i-autopsy eyenziwa ngezinyoni ezifile). Ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali kokudla kanye nokucwaninga nge-serum yegazi okuqukethwe kwamaminerali okusebenza kwamaminerali nakho kwenziwa.
Ukwelashwa Nokuvimbela
Ukwelashwa, baletha ukudla kwezinyoni ngokuhambisana nemigomo, nokwenza ngcono izimo zabo zokuboshwa. Ukudla kwamaminerali kanye nezithasiselo zisetshenziswa - amagobolondo, amagrafu, i-gypsum, i-lime e-slaked, i-bone meal.
Izinto ezimbiwa ngamaminerali zithandwa kangcono, zinika amafutha emifino (0.2-0.4 ml ngayinye), amalungiselelo e-vitamin, nemvubelo yemvelo.
Uma ukutholakala kwe-calcium kungabuye kwengezwe emaqabunga aluhlaza okwezitshalo, iklabishi, izaqathe noma i-calcium glucanate (0.1-0.5 g ngamunye ngesimo esichotshoziwe ngaphakathi kwamasonto amabili).
Ngokuntuleka kwe-zinc kunikeza imikhiqizo yezilwane - inhlanzi kanye nokudla kwenyama. Okusemandleni okuvimbela ukutholakala kwamaminerali ukuhambisana nemigomo yokuphila ekudleni nasekugcineni izinyoni.
